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▪ I. canton, n.1|ˈkæntən, kænˈtɒn|
[a. OF. canton corner, portion of a country, part of a shield, etc. = It. cantone corner, angle, augmentative of canto corner; see cant n.1]
†1. A corner, an angle; a retreating corner, angle, or nook. Obs.
1534Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xv, When I kept the Cantons, jetted in the streetes. 1598Yong Diana 87 The house was quadrant, and at euery Canton was reared vp a high and artificiall tower. 1601Holland Pliny I. 73 In the inmost nouke of the creeke, the very canton and angle of Bœotia is washed by the sea. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xlviii, He..with his Artillery began to thunder so terribly upon that canton of the wall.
2. Her. An ordinary of a shield or escutcheon, being a square division less than a quarter, occupying the upper (usually dexter) corner of the shield.
1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 39 Whan ye shall see anye token abated, by the dignitie of the Canton. 1662Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 389 The King gave us [the Royal Society] the arms of England to be borne in a canton in our arms. 1808Regul. relat. to Service at Sea iv. i. 79 Merchant Ships are to carry a Red Ensign with the Union Jack in a canton. 1864Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) 208 Heirs of an heiress, who are not also heirs of their father, should bear on a Canton their father's arms. 1872Ruskin Eagle's Nest §235.
b. ‘Also used for the angular spaces between the branches of a cross or saltier’ (Chambers Cycl.).
1830E. Campbell Dict. Mil. Sc. s.v. Colours, The Second Colour..is the St. George's Cross throughout, the Union in the upper Canton, the other three Cantons black.
†3. A quarter; a division of anything; a piece, or part. Cf. cantle 2–4. Obs.
1601Holland Pliny II. 434 A square piece or canton of the fish Tuny salted and condited. 1603― Plutarch's Mor. 462 If you regard number, all Greece..is not able to furnish us, for it would but answere one portion or canton of their [the Persians'] multitude. 1631R. Brathwait Whimzies, Postmast. 75 Hee quarters out his life into foure cantons, eating, drinking, sleeping, and riding. 1686Burnet Trav. 255 (L.) Another piece of Holbein's..in which, in six several cantons, the several parts of our Saviour's Passion are represented. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. 405 How many Degrees are required to be a canton of thy knowledge?
4. A subdivision of a country; a small district.
1601Holland Pliny I. 56 The description by him made of all Italy, which be diuided into 11 Regions or Cantons. 1602Warner Albion's Eng. Epit. (1612) 360 The Saxon Heptarchia or their seuen Kingdomes, Cantons or Colonies here erected. 1702Eng. Theophrast. 319 Men who have been the refuse of a little canton, and are now the honour of the world. 1760T. Hutchinson Hist. Coll. Mass. Bay ii. (1765) 277 The Indians..divided into smaller cantons. 1796T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) IV. 153 In the retired canton where I live, we know little of what is passing. 1839Thirlwall Greece I. 343 Cypselus, king of Arcadia, or of some Arcadian canton.
b. A parcel of ground; a portion of space.
1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §15 There are no Grotesques in nature: not any thing framed to fill up empty cantons and unnecessary spaces. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iv. iii. §24 This little Canton, I mean this System of our Sun. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. I. 180 All the Fruits of the same season, should be placed in the same Canton, or Parcel of Ground.
5. spec.
a. One of the several sovereign states which form the Swiss confederation.
1611Cotgr., Canton..proper to Helvetia, or Switzerland; which, at this day consists of thirteene such Cantons). 1625Bacon Nobility, Ess. (Arb.) 191 The Switzers last well, notwithstanding their Diversitie of Religion, and of Cantons. 1720Lond. Gaz. No. 5860/1 Berne, June 12..One of the Avoyers or Chief Magistrates of the Canton. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 21 Pure democracy..has long existed in several of the small cantons.
b. In France, a division of an arrondissement containing several communes, answering somewhat to the hundred in England.
1611Cotgr., Canton..a Canton, or Hundred; a Precinct. 1838Penny Cycl. X. 416/1 The smallest judicial divisions are cantons, each of which..in the rural districts comprehends several communes..The whole number of cantons in the kingdom is 2834. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. I. 50 An electoral college in each canton.
▪ II. † ˈcanton, n.2 Obs.
[A variant form of canto; perh. from confusing the Italian words canto corner, canto song, cantone corner, canzone song.]
1. A song; = canto 1.
1594Zepheria Canzon ii, How many Cantons then, sent I to thee? 1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 289 Write loyall Cantons of contemned loue. 1609Heywood Bryt. Troy xii. xviii, They Oades and Cantons sing.
2. = canto 2.
1609Heywood (title) Troia Britanica, or Great Britaines Troy. A poem deuided into XVII. seuerall Cantons.
▪ III. canton, v.|ˈkæntən, kænˈtɒn|
Also 8 canˈtoon.
[Partly f. canton n.1, partly repr. F. cantonne-r to quarter, It. cantonare to canton, to corner, f. F. canton, It. cantone: to which the 17th c. cantoon points.]
1. trans. To quarter, divide:
a. To divide (land) into portions; to part, share. Also with out.
1598Florio, Cantonare..Also to canton. 1602W. Watson Decacordon 62 marg., The Iesuits are iolly fellowes to cap crownes, to canton Kingdoms. 1622–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1673) 159/1 Cantoning his Estates amongst his children. 1701De Foe True-born Eng. i. 152 He Canton'd out the Country to his Men, And ev'ry Soldier was a Denizen. 1747Carte Hist. Eng. I. 287 The great lords, among whom the country was cantoned. 1875H. Rogers Orig. Bible ii. (ed. 3) 68 How contentedly they ‘cantoned’ out the world amongst them.
b. spec. To subdivide into cantons or districts.
1619Sir D. Carleton in Relat. Eng. & Germ. Ser. ii. (1868) 7 Follow the example of..the Swisse, in cantoning themselves. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece iii. i. (1715) 2 Being canton'd into a great number of States. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. iv. x. 172 They..begun to be Cantoned into distinct Nations. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. 403 Where any kingdom is cantoned out into provincial establishments. 1851Thirlwall Charge 16 note, Hereupon they [the bishops] cantoned their great dioceses into Archdeaconries.
c. transf. To subdivide or cut out (generally).
1653Consid. Dissolv. Crt. Chancery 36 The cantoning or cutting of the Courts at Westminster into so many County Courts, or parts. 1667Decay Chr. Piety ix §10. 303 When they came to be..canton'd out into curious aerial notions. 1720Welton Suffer. Son of God I. x. 253 Who canton their Devotions in Quadrature with the World.
2. To divide (a part) from, or cut (it) out of a whole; to separate, sever by division. arch. or Obs.
1653Consid. Dissolv. Crt. Chancery 63 To canton out a part of his Kingdom to be tryed by a Commission. 1681Whole Duty Nations 14 A Nation or Kingdom is a part of Mankind canton'd from the whole world. c1690Locke Conduct Und. §3 They canton out to themselves a little Goshen in the intellectual world. 1741Watts Improv. Mind ix. Wks. (1813) 63 They canton out to themselves a little Province in the intellectual world.
†3. intr. (for refl.) To sever or separate oneself, secede, withdraw; fig. to digress. Obs.
1611Cotgr., Se Cantonner, to canton, or cantonnize, it; to seuer themselues from the rest of their fellowes, or from the bodie of a State, and fortifie, quarter, or erect a new State, apart. c1630Drummond of Hawthornden Poems 56/1 Hold those subjects too too wanton, [That] Under an old king dare canton. a1734North Lives II. 92, I have not cantoned much from the places intended express for particularities of this nature.
4. trans. To quarter (soldiers); to provide with quarters. (Pronounced kænˈtɒn and kænˈtuːn.)
1700Rycaut Hist. Turks III. 384 Leaving some of their Horse Cantoned near the City. 1751Phil. Trans. XLVII. xxviii. 194 The Greys were cantoon'd in the village of Vucht near Boisleduc. 1755Mem. Capt. P. Drake II. iii. 141 The small Corps, that were cantooned about that Neighbourhood. 1855W. Sargent Braddock's Exped. 142 An absurd plan for cantoning them in small divisions all over the country.
b. fig. To quarter, or locate in detachments.
1773G. White Selborne xxxviii. 96, I myself have found these birds in little parties in the autumn cantoned all along the Sussex downs. Ibid. (1853) II. xvii. 207 The variegated breed of his son-in-law, Jacob, were cantoned on the other. a1779H. Walpole Mem. Geo. II (1847) III. vi. 157 The whole body of Whigs were cantoned out in attachments to the Dukes of Newcastle and Bedford.
5. intr. (for refl.) To quarter (oneself), take up cantonments or quarters.
1697Potter Antiq. Greece (1715) I. iii. 10 His People..canton'd up and down the Country. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4381/1 Our Army hath..received Orders to canton. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 279 He..cantoned for the rains near the present site of Calcutta.
6. Her. To furnish (a shield or cross) with a canton or cantons; to furnish the cantons with; to place in a canton. See also quot. 1688.
1688R. Holme Armoury i. viii. §45 This is of some Blasoned two Barrs Cantoned, thereby shewing that the higher hath a Canton joined to it. 1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., A cross argent, cantoned with four scallop-shells. 1864Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xxi. §10 (ed. 3) 315 The cross of St. George cantoning in the 1st quarter a sword erect gules. |