| 释义 |
▪ I. calcar1|ˈkælkɑː(r)|
[ad. It. calcara ‘a lime-kill’ (Florio), ‘a kind of oven or furnace to calcine vitreous matter in’ (Baretti); cf. L. calcāria lime-kiln, fem. sing. of calcārius, f. calx, -cis lime.]
1. In Glass-making: ‘A small furnace, in which the first calcination is made of sand and potash, for the formation of a frit’ (Ure s.v.).
1662C. Merret tr. Neri's Art Glass 19 Mix & spread them well in the Calcar, with a rake, that they may be well calcined, & continue this till they begin to grow into lumps. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 104 The English call the whole Quantity, bak'd at a time in the Calcar, a Batch. 1832Porter Porcelain & Gl. in Lardner's Cab. Cycl. 155 The Calcar is in the form of an oven about ten feet long, seven feet wide, and two feet high. 1875Ure Dict. Arts II. 654 A reverberatory furnace or calcar.
2. Metall. An annealing arch or oven.
▪ II. ‖ calcar2 Bot.|ˈkælkɑː(r)|
[L. calcar, calcāri- spur, f. calc- heel + -āri- belonging to: see -ar.]
1. A hollow ‘spur’ from the base of a petal.
1832J. Lindley Introd. Bot. i. 120 Sometimes a petal is lengthened at the base into a hollow tube, as in Orchis, &c.: this is called the spur or calcar, and by some nectarotheca. 1836Penny Cycl. VI. 138/2 Calcar, or spur in flowers, is a hollow projection from the base of a petal, and has usually a conical figure. 1880Gray Bot. Text-bk. 400 Calcar, a spur; mostly used for the nectariferous one of a calyx or corolla.
2. Anat. Any of various spur-like bones of vertebrates, or the tibial spur of some insects.
1895Camb. Nat. Hist. V. iii. 104 The spines at the top of the tibia [of insects], projecting beyond it, are called spurs, or calcares. 1898Parker & Haswell Textbk. Zool. II. 254 On the tibial side of the first [digit] is a spur-like structure or calcar..: such a rudimentary digit is called a præhallux. 1951C. K. Weichert Anat. Chordates x. 484 A small additional bone, the prehallux, or calcar, occurs on the tibial side of the tarsus in most salientians.
▪ III. calcar
var. of calker1, Obs., a diviner. |