| 释义 |
secularize, v.|ˈsɛkjʊləraɪz|
[ad. F. séculariser, f. L. sæculār-is secular: see -ize.]
1. trans. To make secular; to convert from ecclesiastical to civil possession or use; esp. to place (church property) at the disposal of the secular or civil power.
1611Cotgr., Seculariser, to secularize; to make secular, lay, temporall. 1657Treat. Conf. Sin. 344 To surprize the possessions of the Church, and to Secularize her patrimony. 1715Lond. Gaz. No. 5345/3 They insist that this Provostship does not come under the Number of Ecclesiastical Benefices, having been Secularized. 1737Ozell Rabelais II. 251 note, He was a Monk..[and] he [only] took the liberty to discover his true Name after he had seculariz'd himself, and was become, as it were, a Layman. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 274 Secularizing..the Revenues appropriated to the Church. 1791Mackintosh Vind. Gallicæ Wks. 1846 III. 46 The Treaty of Westphalia secularised many of the most opulent benefices of Germany. 1861Buckle Civiliz. II. iii. 233 In their opinion, it was impious to secularise ecclesiastical property, and turn it aside to profane purposes.
transf.1754Pitt Let. 7 Mar. in Grenville Papers (1852) I. 107 To secularise, if I may use the expression, the Solicitor-General, and make him Chancellor of the Exchequer.
b. To laicize; to deprive of clerical character or remove from clerical control.
1846English Rev. Sept. VI. 150 You will have deprived them of their occupation by secularizing the profession of a teacher. 1885Observer 20 Dec. (Cassell), The work of secularizing the hospitals has been accomplished.
2. To make (a monk or monastic order) secular.
1683[see secularized ppl. a.]. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Secularize, to make Secular; as To Secularize a Monk. 1773Ann. Reg., Hist. Eur. 9/1 The Bishop of Liege having met with some opposition in his attempts to secularize a convent of monks. 1845J. H. Newman Ess. Developm. 316 The successive Catholics of Seleucia had abolished Monachism and were secularizing the clergy.
3. To dissociate or separate from religious or spiritual concerns, to convert to material and temporal purposes; to turn (a person, his mind, etc.) from a religious or spiritual state to worldliness.
1711G. Hickes Two Treat. ii. (1847) 231 So many ministers of late are more than ever secularized in their conversation. 1755Johnson, Secularize,.. 2. To make worldly. 1831Southey in Q. Rev. XLIV. 353 A worldly-minded husband might have secularised and deadened her heart. 1866Liddon Bampt. Lect. iv. (1875) 190 The Jews secularized the Messianic promises. 1869M. Pattison Serm. (1885) 173 We hear much of a crisis of the faith, of the perilous errors which are abroad in society, of the aggressions of science, of the attempts to secularise education. 1876Times 8 Nov. 9/3 The policy of those Governments has become secularized. 1877J. C. Cox Ch. Derbysh. II. 400 This chapel..had long been secularised, and..used as a malt⁓house.
4. intr. To adopt secular costume or habits.
1864T. Hughes in Reader 5 Nov. 567/2 Henrietta Caracciolo..secularized in everything except the black veil.
Hence ˈsecularized ppl. a., ˈsecularizing vbl. n. (in quots. attrib.). Also ˈsecularizer.
1683Apol. Prot. France iii. 16 The History of Calvinism, by Monsieur Maimbourg, a Secularised Jesuit. 1803H. Repton Observ. Th. & Pract. Landsc. Gard. xii. (1840) 274 It is..impossible to live in..the secularized abbey..preserving all the apartments to their original uses. 1825Chalmers in Hanna Mem. (1851) III. vi. 89, I feel the secularizing effect of worldly company. 1842Manning Serm. v. (1848) I. 74 We find men..holding out against the secularizing action of worldly things. 1875E. White Life in Christ v. xxxi. (1878) 525 Perhaps there is not a more thoroughly secularised population in Europe than the inhabitants of this ‘holy city’. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge II. 308 The secularized part of the nave. 1887Macm. Mag. Dec. 88 He was..not in the least a secularizer, but..a sanctifier. |