| 释义 |
▪ I. puttock1 Obs. exc. dial.|ˈpʌtək|
Also 5 puttok(e, potok, 5–7 puttocke, 9 dial. puttick, puddock.
[Found early in the 15th c. Origin uncertain; the ending seems to be the dim. -ock, OE. -oc, -uc, as in bullock, hillock.
The stem has been conjectured to be the *putt- of OE. pyttel, pittel, a name applied to the same birds, of which the ulterior etymology is obscure. Some have suggested derivation from L. būteo buzzard, or a kind of hawk, which might have given an OE. *býta, and perh. a dim. *byttoc.]
A bird of prey; usually applied to the Kite or Glede (Milvus ictinus or regalis); sometimes to the Common Buzzard (Buteo vulgaris).
Also, according to Swainson (Prov. Names Brit. Birds), sometimes incorrectly applied to the Marsh Harrier or Moor Buzzard, Circus æruginosus.
c1400Lydg. æsop's Fab. iii. 81 The hound..Witnesse tweyne brought in jugement, The wolf and the puttok. c1400Plowman's Tale 1338 Gledes and bosardes weren hem by; Whyt molles and puttockes token hir place. c1440Gesta Rom. li. 370 (Add. MS.) The puttok come flyeng, and houyd ouer the henne and hire briddes. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 762/5 Hic milvus, a potok. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) i. xlvi. 87/2 Yf the kyte or the puttoke flee ouer the waye afore them. 1575Gascoigne To D. Dine, A puttocke set on pearch Fast by a falcons side Will quickly shew it selfe a kight. 1668Charleton Onomast. 65 Accipiter Milvus regalis..the long-winged Kite, or Puttock. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. ii. viii. §2 Of the common Buzzard or Puttock, called in Latine Buteo. 1817J. Mayer Sportsman's Direct. (ed. 2) 184 The Grey Bob-tailed Buzzard or Puttock. 1827Clare Sheph. Cal. 87 A shrilly noise of puddocks' feeble wail. 1881Standard 2 Mar. 5 The kite, or glead, or puttock, is almost extinct.
†b. fig. Applied opprobriously to a person, as having some attribute of the kite (e.g. ignobleness, greed): cf. hawk n.1 3; esp. (from the kite's preying on chickens) a catchpole. Obs.
1605Tryall Chev. ii. i. in Bullen O. Pl. (1884) III. 290 Peter, dost see this sword?.. Whorson puttock, no garbage serve you but this? have at you. 1611Dekker Roar. Girle ii. iii, Adam. Who comes yonder? S. Dauy. They looke like puttocks, these should be they. 1631Chapman Cæsar & Pompey i. i. Plays 1873 III. 128 And such a flocke of Puttocks follow Cæsar. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Puttock, a cormorant, a greedy fellow.
c. Comb., as puttock-grey, puttock-hued, puttock-like adjs.
1447Crt.-Roll Gt. Waltham Manor, Essex 26 July, Unus equus puttokhewed provenit de extranea infra istud dominium. 1620Melton Astrolog. 14 The clawes of the Puttock-like Catch-poles. 1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2092/4 Stolen.., a large strong grey Gelding,..a kind of Puttock grey, low in flesh. 1720Ibid. No. 5854/3 Stolen,..a Puttock coloured Horse.
▪ II. † puttock2 Naut. Obs.
[Origin obscure: see below.]
The original name of the small or short shrouds connecting the lower shrouds with the top; also, where there is a top gallant mast, the similar set connecting the topmast shrouds with the top-gallant top. After 1700 usually called puttock shrouds, and now futtock-shrouds, from an erroneous confusion of the word with futtock in the latter half of the 18th c.
a1625Nomencl. Navalis (Harl. MS. 2301) 100 Puttocks, are the small Shrowdes which goo from the Shrowdes of the Main, Fore and Missen masts and also to the Topmast shrowdes, if the Topmast have a topp gallant topp, the use whereof is to goo of the shrowdes into the Topp, for when the shrowdes come neare upp to the mast they fall in so much that otherwise they could not gett into the Topp from them. The Puttocks goo..above to a plate of Iron or to a Deadman-eie to which the Lanniers of the Topmast [MS. Foremast] Shrowdes doe come. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. v. 19 The top-Masts shrouds..are fastened with Lanniers and dead mens eyes to the Puttocks or plats of iron belonging to them, aloft ouer the head of the Mast. Ibid. 20 [as in Nomencl. Nav.]. c1635N. Boteler Dial. Sea Services [as in Nomencl. Nav.]. 1658in Phillips. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Puttocks or Puttock Shrowds [as in Nomencl. Nav.]. 1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 113 The Puttock Shrowds binding the main Shrowds and Top-mast Shrowds together. 1748Anson's Voy. i. viii. 81 One of the..dead-eyes was broke, as was also a main-shroud and puttock-shroud. [1769Falconer Mar. Dict. s.v. Shrouds, The topmast-shrouds are extended from the topmast-heads to the edges of the tops... The lower deadeye..is fitted with an iron band, called the foothook-plate, which passes through a hole in the edge of the top and communicates with a rope called the foothook-shroud, whose lower end is attached to the shrouds of the lower mast.] 1815Burney Falconer's Dict. M., Puttock or Foot-hook Plates..are narrow plates of iron attached to the dead-eyes of the topmast shrouds. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Puttock-shrouds, synonymous with futtock; a word in use, but not warranted.
fig.1751Smollett Per. Pic. lxxiii, Expressing his hope that..he should be able to surmount the puttock-shrouds of despair, and get aloft to the cross-trees of God's good favour. [Note. The form puttock was regularly used down to 1750 at least; but after that date it appears to have been, from similarity of sound, confused with futtock, the name of the middle timbers of the ship's frame, with which the puttocks had no manner of connexion. Hence in Falconer's Marine Dict. 1769, and app. in all later works, puttock is replaced by futtock; in the combinations given in futtock 2, futtock hole, hoop, plate, rigging, shroud, staff, stave belong to this erroneous substitution of futtock for puttock. As futtock was perh. orig. foot-hook, it has been suggested that puttock was = pothook (of which a form pottock occurs in 1707): but nothing in the sense appears to confirm this suggestion. Some allusive use of puttock1 has also been conjectured. More probable is a connexion with Du. putting, applied in 1673 to the chains of the main shrouds, while mars-putting in 1702 renders F. gambes de hune, the puttock-shrouds. Cf. EFris. pütting (pl. -s, -en), Ger. putting or pütting (-s, -en), Da. pytting (-er), Sw. pütting, the iron links or chains by which the shrouds of the masts are secured to the ship's sides, the chains of the dead-eye; Ger. putting-taue, Da. pytting vanter, Sw. püttingsvant = ‘puttock-shrouds’. But the source of putting or pütting is unknown.] ▪ III. puttock3 Chiefly north. dial. Now Obs. or rare.|ˈpʌtək|
[Derivation unascertained.]
A make-weight; chiefly in comb. puttock-candle.
1674Ray N.C. Words (1691) 56 A Puttock-Candle: the least in the Pound, put in to make weight. 1787Grose Provinc. Gloss., Puttock-candle. 1876Robinson Whitby Gloss., Puttocks, Inses, or Mak-weights, small portions..put into the scale to make up the required weight. 1887Parish & Shaw Kentish Gloss., Puttock-candle, the smallest candle in a pound, put in to make the weight. |