| 释义 |
▪ I. busk, n.1|bʌsk|
Also 6–7 buske.
[a. F. busc, of uncertain origin. Scheler regards it as a doublet of F. bois wood:—late L. boscum (see bush n.1); cf. the related F. bûche, OF. busche fem., splinter of wood. In Fr. as in Eng. the word was formerly sometimes used for the whole corset, and Littré considers it cognate with It. busto (see bust); but this is unsatisfactory with regard to both sense and form.]
A strip of wood, whalebone, steel, or other rigid material passed down the front of a corset, and used to stiffen and support it. Formerly and still dial. applied also to the whole corset.
1592Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxvi. 175 Her face was Maskt..her bodie pent with buske. 1611Cotgr., Buc, a buske, plated bodie, or other quilted thing, worne to make, or keepe, the bodie straight. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 94/2 A Busk..is a strong peece of Wood, or Whalebone thrust down the middle of the Stomacker 1755Mrs. C. Clarke Autobiog. (1827) 64 The want of which latter instrument of death [a dagger] I once saw supplied with a lady's busk; who had just presence of mind sufficient to draw it from her stays. 1786Misc. Ess. in Ann. Reg. 125/2 Whale bone and busks, which martyr European girls, they know not. 1824Craven Dial. 15, I lost my hollin busk, finely flower'd. 1862Mayhew Crim. Prisons 40 Bundles of wooden busks, and little bits of whalebone.
Hence † busk-point. ‘The lace, with its tag, which secured the end of the busk’ (Nares). Obs.
1599Marston Sc. Villanie ii. viii. 213, I saw him court his Mistresse looking-glasse, Worship a busk-point. 1612Chapman Widdowes T. Plays 1873 III. 43 Certaine morall disguises of coinesse..ye borrow of art to couer your buske points. a1667Wither Passion of Love, He..doth crave her To grant him but a busk-point for a favour.
▪ II. † busk, n.2 Obs.
Some kind of linen fabric.
1458in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 478/2 Busk for table linen 24½ ells {at} /4. 1480Acc. Edw. IV in Privy P. Exp. Eliz. of York 124 For wasshing of divers old peces of busk and of a paillet vjd.
▪ III. † busk, n.3 Obs. Sc.
[f. busk v.1; cf. buskry.]
Attire, dress, decoration.
1723M'Ward Contendings 356 (Jam.) Cloathed and adorned with the busk and bravery of beautiful and big words.
▪ IV. busk, v.1 Obs. exc. Sc. and north. dial.
Also 4–5 bosk, 4–7 buske, (4 busky). See also buss v.2
[Generally thought to be a. ON. búa-sk, refl. of búa to prepare (see boun ppl. a.), the refl. pron. having been agglutinated to the stem, as in bask.
(The trans., intr. and refl. constructions are all found in the earliest northern specimens of ME., so that no evidence is available for their development: the order here followed is purely provisional. But for the presumed derivation, it would be more in accordance with the history of other verbs, to start with the trans., including the refl., and take the intr. as the usual elliptical construction of the latter.)]
I. intr.
1. To prepare oneself, get ready.
a1300Cursor M. 11585 (Cott.) Rise vp, iosep, and busk [Gött. busk þe] and ga. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 509 Bryddez busken to bylde. 1375Barbour Bruce viii. 409 The king buskit and maid him ȝar. c1400Destr. Troy 2568, I bid þat ye buske, and no bode make. c1440York Myst. xxx. 87 Nowe wiffe, þan ye bythely be buskand.
b. spec. To attire or deck oneself; to dress.
1795Macneill Will & J. Poems (1844) 72 Jean..loo'd to busk aye In her hame-spun thrifty work. 1875in Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) 62 Come busk up, an' let's be off.
c. transf. To essay, attempt.
c1340Alex. & Dind. 135 Whan þer buskede a burn a bow for to touche.
2. To set out, go (chiefly with notion of speed); to hie, hurry, haste.
a1300Cursor M. 4309 Quen þou seis him busk to þe, þou do þe stallworthli to flei. c1350Leg. Cathol., Pope Greg. 12 Thai bosked to the biriing. a1375Joseph Arim. 202 Þe kyng..to his bed buskes. 1375Barbour Bruce x. 404 Ane of the vachis..buskit thiddirward but baid. c1440Gaw. & Gol. i. 24 (Jam.) He maid his offering; Syne buskit hame the samyne way. 1583Stanyhurst æneid iv. (Arb.) 102 Flee my sun, and busk on. 1876Robinson Mid. Yorksh. Gloss. (E.D.S.) ‘Now, come busk’ be off!
3. to busk up: to get up, rise.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1128 Þay busken vp bilyue, blonkkez to sadel. c1360Know Thyself in E.E.P. (1862) 133 Þe morwe he buskeþ vp to rise.
II. trans.
4. To prepare, make, or get ready; to set in order, fit out. Still in Sc. (Sometimes with up.)
a1300Cursor M. 11710 Apon þe morn þai were busked to þair wai. c1325E.E. Allit. P. C. 437 Þer he busked hym a bour. c1450Erle of Tolous 232 [We] were buskyd yare, On owre jurney for to fare. 1460Lybeaus Disc. 822 Buske her and make her boun. 1663Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1792) I. 108 (Jam.) The covenanters..busked the yard dykes very commodiously. 1828Scott F.M. Perth v, It were hard to deny thee time to busk thy body-clothes. 1839Blackw. Mag. XLV. 179 Heaven help us..if the good lady's specs are not ‘busked’ and ready in the case!
5. To dress, attire, accoutre, adorn, dress up; = ‘to dress’ in its widest sense. Still in Sc.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 142 Þou burne for no brydale art busked in wedez! a1440Sire Degrev. 1427 Hyt was buskyd above With besauntus ful bryȝth. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 390 King Bredus buskit in armour brycht. 1663Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1829) 7 The lady Frendraught..busked in a white plaid..came weeping and mourning to the Bog. 1787Burns Burlesq. Lament ii, But now they'll busk her like a fright. 1800–24Campbell Cora Linn iii, Hedges, busk'd in bravery, Look'd rich that sunny morn.
b. spec. To dress a fishing-hook.
1814Scott Wav. I. ix. 123 He has done nothing..unless trimming the laird's fishing-wand or busking his flies. 1819Blackw. Mag. V. 124 His daughter..we have sometimes seen ‘busking hooks’. 1823Scott Quentin D. xii, I..use not to gulp the angler's hook because it is busked up with a feather called honour.
c. fig.
1656Trapp Comm. Rev. xvii. 3 His head only before was busked with the blasphemy..now his whole body. 1827Pollok Course of Time vi, The frothy orator, who busked his tales In quackish pomp of noisy words.
6. To dispatch, hurry, hasten.
1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle i. xxii. (1859) 25 Deth spareth no persone..but buskyth you vnto pyttes brynke. 1877Peacock N.W. Linc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Busk, to hasten, to hurry forward. ‘Noo busk thee sen off, an' doant stan gawmin' there for a week.’ ‘I liv'd sarvant wi' her for a bit, but she buskt me aboot while I couldn't bide it.’
III. refl.
7. To prepare or equip (oneself), get ready; now esp. Sc. to dress, clothe, or deck (oneself).
a1300Cursor M. 10556 Anna busked hir and yede. c1325Pol. Songs 239 Hue bosketh huem with botouns, Ase hit were a brude. c1440Bone Flor. 276 My lord will buske hym to ryde. 1515Scott. Field 83 in Chetham Misc. (1856) II, He bid buske and bowne him, to go on his message. 1600Fairfax Tasso vii. xxxvii. 124 The noble Baron..buskt him boldly to the dreadfull fight. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 125 Grettir busked himself for a cold ride.
8. To betake oneself; to hie one.
c1350Will. Palerne 2477 Þei busked hem homward. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ix. 133 Buske ȝow to þat bote and bideth ȝe þer-inne. 1558Phaër æneid iv. K j marg. note, Mercury busketh him forward. 1571Campion Hist. Irel. ix. (1633) 27 Gathelus and his wife..were faine to buske them, with all their traine into Europe. 1877[see 6].
▪ V. busk, v.2 Naut.
[app. a. obs. F. busquer ‘to shift, filch; prowle, catch by hook or crook; busquer fortune to go seek his fortune’ (Cotgr.), ad. It. buscare ‘to filch, to prowl, to shift for’ (Florio), or Sp. buscar, OSp. boscar to seek; perh. orig. ‘to hunt’, or ‘to beat a wood’, f. bosco wood.]
1. a. intr. Of a ship: To beat or cruise about; to beat to windward, tack: with adv. about, to and again. Also to busk it out: to weather a storm by tacking about.
1665Lond. Gaz. No. 9/2 A Ship from Longsound, who hath been busking too and again this Fortnight. 1678Wycherley Pl.-Dealer iii. i. 33 Go, busk about, and run thyself into the next great Man's Lobby. 1713C. Johnson Successf. Pirate i. 1 (D.) The ship was found busking on the seas without a mast or rudder. a1734North Lives II. 316 Sometimes a-try and sometimes a-hull we busked it out.
b. ‘To cruise as a pirate’. [Perh. the original sense: cf. It. buscare, F. busquer (above).]
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Busking, piratical cruising.
c. trans. to busk the seas: ? = to scour the seas.
1747J. Lind Lett. Navy i. (1757) 29 Three deck'd ships are too large and unweildy to busk the seas, as they call it.
2. fig. To go about seeking for, to seek after.
a1734North Exam. i. iii. ⁋123. 203 The Parties would be less industrious to busk about for any other [defence]. ― Lives II. 122 My Lord Rochester..was inclined..to busk for some other way to raise the supply. Ibid. III. 54 Running up and down and through the city..perpetually busking after one thing or other.
3. a. slang. See quots. (But perhaps this is a distinct word.) Hence ˈbusking vbl. n. and ppl. a. Now usu., to play music or entertain in the streets, etc.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 215 Obtain a livelihood by ‘busking’, as it is technically termed, or, in other words, by offering their goods for sale only at the bars and in the taprooms and parlours of taverns. Ibid. (ed. 2) III. 216 Busking is going into public houses and playing and singing and dancing. Ibid. 222 Busking, that is going into public houses and cutting likenesses of the company. 1860Cornh. Mag. II. 334 Thieves' words and phrases..selling obscene songs—busking. 1874Sunday Mag. Xmas No. 1 Chair⁓caners, ‘busking vocalists’, musicians and acrobats. 1897Daily News 21 Sept. 8/3 A highly-accomplished lady..begs for a dress in which to go busking. Busking is the jargon for wandering minstrels—folk who play the perambulating pianos we see in the streets or on the sands—folk who sing from morning till midnight. 1905Evening News 12 Aug. 5/3 We are all ‘busking’ this year. It would surprise the public if they knew who constituted many of the troupes of pierrots and mysterious minstrels that are performing at the various holiday resorts. 1934P. Allingham Cheapjack 318 Busk, to perform in the street.
b. trans. and intr. To improvise (jazz or similar music). Musicians' slang.
1934S. R. Nelson All about Jazz ii. 51 The drummer can still busk his part, and except for roughly glancing at the score, that is what the best drummers do today. 1966Crescendo Feb. 35/1 Many drummers are with small groups or busking outfits and therefore never see a drum part.
▪ VI. busk, v.3
[Origin unknown; if not identical with prec.]
intr. Of fowls: To move or shift about restlessly or uneasily.
1567Turberv. Passions in Chalmers Epitaphs, &c., Birds will alway buske and bate and scape the fowlers trap. 1575― Bk. Falconrie 4 This sorte of hawkes do never use to plume or tyre uppon the foul whom they have seazed untill such time as they percieve it to leave busking and bating. 1835Marryat Olla Podr. v, A hole..as large as if a covey of partridges had been busking in it.
▪ VII. † busk, v.4 ? Obs. rare—1.
[? f. busk, var. of bush: cf. bush v.1 But possibly, an application of busk v.2]
intr.
1653W. Lauson in Arb. Eng. Garner I. 104 This fly..among wood or close by a bush, moved in the crust of the water is deadly in an evening..This is called ‘Busking for Trout’.
▪ VIII. busk(e
obs. form of bush. |