| 释义 |
▪ I. scuttle, n.1|ˈskʌt(ə)l|
Forms: 1, 4 scutel, 4–5 scutell, 5 scutelle (scutylle, scwtylle, scotel(l, scotill, -ylle, scotle, schewtell, scuttyl, skuttel, skuttyl), 6 skottell, (scutle) 6–7 scuttell, 6–9 skuttle, 6– scuttle.
[c gray][OE. scutel in sense 1, prob. pronounced with (sk[/c]), ad. L. scutella dish, platter; the word appears in other Teut. langs.: ON. skutill, MDu., Du. schotel, MLG. schötel, OHG. scuz̧z̧ila (MHG., G. schüssel).
The development of sense 2 is somewhat strange, but there seems no reason to doubt the identity of the word.]
†1. A dish, trencher, platter. Obs.
c1050Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 280/22 Catinus, scutel. 14..Pict. Voc. ibid. 770/21 Nomina pertinencia coquine... Hec scutella, a scotylle. 1701Cowel's Interpr. (ed. Kennett), Scutella,..sax. Scutel, Scuttle, any thing of a flat and broad shape, like a Shield, especially a Plate or Dish, as [read a] shallow wooden Bowl or Platter is still call'd a Scuttle.
2. a. A basket for sifting or winnowing corn; hence, a large shovel to cast grain in winnowing, a casting-shovel. Now only dial.
1366–7in Finchale Priory Charters (Surtees) p. lxxij, Et in pane equorum, cum ferrura..scutels sive pal', cribris [etc.]. 1411–12Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 139 In j vanga, j shouill, j scotill, j boll empt. xd. ob. 1427–8Ibid. 142 In ij scotill empt., 6 d. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 726/7 Hoc ventilabrum, a scotylle. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 37 A skuttle or skreine, to rid soile fro the corne. 1681Worlidge Dict. Rust. (ed. 3) s.v. Skepe, A Skepe, or Scuttle; a flat and broad Basket made to winnow corn withal. 1701Cowel's Interpr. (ed. Kennett) s.v. Scutella, In Kent the broader Shovel with which they turn Malt or Corn, is call'd the Skuttle. 1819W. & H. Rainbird Agric. Suffolk (1849) 299 (E.D.D.) Scuttle, the large casting shovel used in barns for moving threshed corn,..and especially for casting it from side to side of a barn the whole length of a dressing place that the light grains may fall short.
b. A large open basket wide at the mouth and narrow at the bottom, usually of wickerwork, used for carrying corn, earth, vegetables, etc.
1404Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 398 Item in orreo..1 berlepe novum, 2 scotlys, 4 wedhokys. 1415–16Ibid. 225 Pro 2 scoteles virgeis pro cova. c1440Alphabet of Tales 184 And he..garte þaim..make skuttles & lepis of wandis evyn vnto evyn. 1541in J. H. Glover Kingsthorpiana (1883) 81 Ther be bones of dede persones dygged up wt conyes whiche would fylle a scutle. 1560Nottingham Rec. (1889) IV. 124 For a skottell to serue ye tyllar, iij d. 1570Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees) I. 318 In the Larder Howse, buttertubbes scuttles and other stuff. 1601Holland Pliny xxxiii. iv. II. 467 The earth and stones..they are faine to carie from under their feet in scuttles and baskets, upon their shoulders. 1635Quarles Embl. iii. viii. 158 Alas! and what's a man? A scuttle full of dust. 1655Terry Voy. E. India ix. 203, I have observed them to lay down scuttles or broad open wicker Basketts upon the ground. 1759Phil. Trans. LI. 283, I had the mortification..to see all the tiles and a chimney shoot off from the house, as if shot out of a skuttle. 1814T. Haynes Treat. Strawberry, etc. (ed. 2) 40 After which, afford a good dressing with..manure..; which will most easily be performed by taking it out of scuttles or wheelbarrows on each side the bed.
c. = coal-scuttle 1.
1849Alb. Smith Pottleton Leg. vii. 46 Fourteen skuttles of coals. 1909Blackw. Mag. Dec. 774/1 A brass scuttle stood by the fireplace.
d. Comb., as scuttle-carrier, scuttle-maker; scuttle-mouth (see quot.).
1611Cotgr., Hotteur, a Basket-carrier, or *Scuttle-carrier.
1483Cath. Angl. 327/1 A *Scutelle (Scutylle A.) maker, scutellarius. 1610–11in N. Riding Rec. Soc. (1884) I. 208 [They] present..John Welbanck.., brewer, and Geo. Murrey.., scuttle maker..as vagrants and sturdy rogues.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 75/1 The very large shelly oysters..were introduced from the Sussex coast... The costermongers distinguished them by the name of ‘*scuttle-mouths’.
3. The part of a motor vehicle which connects the bonnet with the body. Also attrib.
1914Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 206/1 The scuttle-dash protects his body and chest from the wind. 1922Autocar 10 Nov. 973 The coachwork, which now tapers from bonnet to scuttle in an unbroken sweep. 1925Morris Owner's Man. 71 Under the butterfly nut at the back of the bonnet hinge (on top of the scuttle). 1963Times 4 June 7/7 Above 65–70 m.p.h..., road noise was high and there was some scuttle shake. 1970Motoring Which? July 109/2 Front wing to scuttle seams cracking, driver's seat had cut through carpet. 1973‘A. Hall’ Tango Briefing vii. 94 A hole appeared in the scuttle three inches forward of the windscreen. 1980Daily Tel. 5 Mar. 12/6 Even on some of the worst French road surfaces there was hardly any sign of scuttle shake.
▪ II. scuttle, n.2|ˈskʌt(ə)l|
Forms: 5 skottelle, 7 scottel, scutle, 7–8 skuttle, 6– scuttle.
[Of obscure origin; identical with F. écoutille hatchway, in 16th c. escoutille, = Sp. escotilla, Pg. escotilha; the sense ‘scuttle’ is expressed by the derivatives F. écoutillon, Sp. escotillon, Pg. escotilhão.
The Eng. word is commonly believed to be adopted from the Fr., and this from the Sp.; but the relation between the three, and the ultimate etymology, remain uncertain. According to a quotation given by Jal, the Fr. word formerly meant the hatch or trap-door covering the hatchway; if this was the original sense, the word might be a derivative of Du. or LG. schutten to shut; cf. Eng. shuttle (of a dam).]
1. Naut. A square or rectangular hole or opening in a ship's deck smaller than a hatchway, furnished with a movable cover or lid, used as a means of communication between deck and deck; also a similar hole in the deck or side of a ship for purposes of lighting, ventilation, etc.
1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 323 A chayne of yron for the skottelles of the haches. c1595Capt. Wyatt R. Dudley's Voy. W. Ind. (Hakluyt) 20 Wee have had in a watch in the night a fish flie into a little scuttle of a cabbin, noe bigger then the hande of a man. 1622Recov. of the ‘Exchange’ fr. Pirates D 3, He had ropes, and iron hookes to make fast the scottels, gratings, and cabbines. 1644H. Manwayring Sea-man's Dict., A Scuttle is a square hole..cut through any Hatch or any part of the Deck to goe downe by..: also for vent for the Ordnance, there are small scuttles with grateings..: Also all the little windowes and holes which are cut-out aloft in the Captaines, or Masters cabbins, are called Scuttles. 1673Lond. Gaz. No. 754/1 Some hurt in his face, received when he was making a Sally out of the Scuttle, to drive the Dutch from the Deck. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World 51 Two small skuttles to give light into the great cabbin. 1833M. Scott Tom Cringle xv. (1842) 355 A room..lighted by a long scuttle, or skylight, in the deck above. 1874Thearle Naval Archit. 223 Scuttles..are openings by which to obtain access to certain compartments when necessary,..scuttles in some cases are covered with cap and in others with flush covers. In the former they..are termed cap scuttles, and in the latter..flush scuttles. 1899F. T. Bullen Log Sea-waif 186 The second mate..was hanging over the open scuttle, absorbed in watching the game.
b. A hole cut or bored through any part of a ship, esp. for salving the cargo. Cf. scuttle v.2 2.
1780Phil. Trans. LXX. 102 Several scuttles or holes in the ship's side were made..to facilitate the discharge of the..cargo.
c. The lid of a scuttle-hole or hatchway.
1688Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 784 We hoised out a Boat, and took one of the Scuttles that cover'd one of the Hatches of the Ship. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 474 We..took up..a small Hatch, or Scuttle rather, belonging to some Bark. 1769–80Falconer Dict. Marine ii, Ecoutille qui s'emboîte, a hatchway with a scuttle which covers its border. 1908Paasch From Keel to Truck 118 Scuttle,..the term is also given to the framing and the thick piece of glass (Bull's-eye) by which the aperture is closed.
2. An opening in the roof, floor, wall, etc. of a building closed with a shutter or lid; a trap-door; also the shutter of such an opening. Now only U.S.
1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 148 For the Hole in the Door, have a small Scuttle to shut down when you go in. 1737[implied in scuttle hinge, see 4 below]. 1828–32Webster, Scuttle, a square hole in the roof of a house, with a lid. 1877Whittier Witch of Wenham ii. xvi, She forced the oaken scuttle back; A whisper reached her ear: ‘Slide down the roof to me’ it said. 1902R. Sturgis Dict. Archit. III. 524 Occasionally smaller skylights are in the form of glazed scuttles arranged to be opened for access to the roof.
†3. (See quot.) Cf. shuttle.
1705Act 4 & 5 Anne c. 8 [21], Owners.. of..Mills, upon any..rivers..shall constantly keep open One Scuttle or small Hatch of a Foot Square in the Waste Hatch or Water course..for the Salmon to pass and repass freely.
4. Comb.: scuttle-cask = scuttle-butt a.; scuttle-hatch, a lid or covering of a scuttle; scuttle hinge, a hinge for a scuttle or trap-door; scuttle-hole = sense 1.
1803Naval Chron. X. 183 Water from the *scuttle-cask on the quarter-deck.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 7 A *scuttle-hatch is a little hatch doth couer a little square hole we call the Scuttle.
1737Hoppus Salmon's Country Build. Estim. (ed. 2) 107 *Scuttle Hinges..are sold by the Dozen.
1684I. Mather Rem. Prov. 5 The *scuttle-hole of the quarter⁓deck. 1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 212 Scuttle-holes, to open and shut for the admission of air, are cut along the ship's sides.
▪ III. † ˈscuttle, n.3 Naut. Obs.
Also 6 skutele.
[Of obscure origin; not easily to be connected with either of the preceding ns.]
A platform at the head of a lower mast; a ‘top’.
1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. i. ii. (1631) 4 Their carefull watchfulnesse..ought to serue them for sails, cables, ankrs, masts, and skuttles, whereby to gouerne and direct the Vessel. 1611Cotgr., Hune, the scuttle of the mast of a ship. 1653Urquhart Rabelais ii. xxviii. 181 Let down this white wine of Anjou, from the scuttle [orig. la Hune] of the mast of the ship. 1671H. M. Erasm. Colloq. 172 On the top of the main mast stood one of the Marriners, in the skuttle [orig. in galea]..looking about him, if he could see any land. 1763Brit. Mag. IV. 592 This mast..has at its extremity a scuttle like that of the masts of a ship.
▪ IV. scuttle, n.4|ˈskʌt(ə)l|
Forms: 6 scottell, scuttel(l, 8 scutle, skuttle, 7– scuttle.
[Altered form of cuttle n.1]
= cuttle n.1 Also scuttle fish.
1530Palsgr. 268 Scottell a fysshe, seiche... Scuttell fysshe, saiche. 1644Digby Nat. Bodies xxxvi. §11. 315 The scuttle fish, when he is in straights of being taken..casteth out a blackenesse that is within him. 1712Addison Spect. No. 476 ⁋4 Our Disputants put me in mind of the Skuttle Fish, that when he is unable to extricate himself, blackens all the Water about him, till he becomes invisible. 1876Goode Fish. Bermudas 10 The ‘Scuttle’, a large Octopus.
b. attrib. scuttle-bone, shell = cuttle-bone.
1530Palsgr. 268 Scottell bone,..Scuttell bone, os de saiche. 1703W. Dampier Voy. III. i. 114 We began to see some Scutle-bones floating on the Water. Ibid. 130 We saw..abundance of Scuttle-shells swimming on the Sea.
▪ V. scuttle, n.5|ˈskʌt(ə)l|
Also 8 skuttle.
[f. scuttle v.1]
The action or an act of scuttling.
1. a. A short hurried run.
1623Webster D'chess Malfi iii. ii, Pluto the god of riches, When he's sent (by Iupiter)..goes limping,..but when he's sent One the diuells arrand, he rides poast, and comes in by scuttles. 1712Addison Spect. No. 323 ⁋7 From Twelve to One. Shut my self up in my Chamber, practised Lady Betty Modely's Skuttle. 1755Johnson, Scuttle... 3. (From scud.) A quick pace; a short run; a pace of affected precipitation. 1967O. Wynd Walk Softly, Men Praying iv. 49, I stopped a scuttle back to his den with yet another request.
b. Political slang. (See scuttle v.1 1 b.)
Probably now with an admixture of scuttle v.2 1 b.
1884Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Dec. 5/1 In other words, scuttle, if adopted as a ministerial policy, may lead to the evacuation of Downing-street, for the evacuation of Egypt is quite impossible for at least a year yet. 1892C. Rhodes in Daily Tel. (1901) 12 Oct. 9/7, I was horrified..to read a speech of Mr. Gladstone's evidently foreshadowing a scuttle if he came in. 1906Daily News 16 June 6/4 The word scuttle..in the Jingo Press, where the ‘policy of scuttle’ is used whenever we give up something to a small Power. 1954Economist 7 Aug. 428 Mr. Attlee has always been particularly offended by Tory charges of ‘scuttle’ during his years in office. 1967Daily Express 17 Feb. 2/2 The speed-up of the scuttle is inadvertently revealed in the Defence White Paper. 1969Guardian 31 July 8/1 President Nixon has ruled out both a military solution and a ‘scuttle’.
2. In Manchester: A street faction-fight between bands of young people.
1864in G. Milner Odds & Ends (1875) I. 43 When the boys of one street take offence at boys of another street, they often fall to fighting in a body. This is called a ‘scuttle’.
▸ scuttle fly n. a small fly of the family Phoridae, whose members are distinguished from fruit flies by their habit of running briefly before taking flight; cf. phorid n.
1976R. H. L. Disney in Entomologist's Gaz. 27 91 (title) A further case of a nematoceran fly (Diptera: Sciaridae) parasitised by a species of scuttle fly (Diptera: Phoridae). 1997New Scientist 22 Feb. 6/1 Scuttle flies hover above fire ants, waiting for a chance to dart down and lay an egg within the ant's head.
▪ VI. scuttle, v.1|ˈskʌt(ə)l|
Also (? 5 scottle), 7 scutle, 8 skuttle.
[? Altered form of scuddle v.2
It is doubtful whether the 15th c. scottle belongs to this word, the sense being somewhat obscure.]
1. intr. To run with quick, hurried steps. Chiefly with away, off.
a1450[implied in scuttling vbl. n.1]. 1657Thornley Daphnis & Chloe (1893) 21 Then she told him all that had happened; how she scutled up to Dorco; how [etc.]. 1681Otway Soldier's Fortune i. (1683) 4 So away he scuttled with as great joy as if he had found the Philosophers stone. 1739H. Walpole Let. to R. West 20 July, We scuttle up⁓stairs in great confusion. 1785Grose Dict. Vulgar T., Scuttle off, to run away. 1814Scott Wav. lxv, With the first dawn of day, old Janet was scuttling about the house to wake the Baron. 1858R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxi. 74 Causing the conceited hares to scuttle away for the..hills. 1871J. R. Green Lett. iii. (1901) 278 The bit of ground..which everybody scuttles over by train. 1882Besant Revolt of Man xiv, In a moment the house was empty. It is not too much to say that the Duchess scuttled.
b. transf. in Political slang. To withdraw in a precipitate and undignified manner from the occupation or control of a country. Cf. scuttle n.5 1 b.
App. first used in 1883 with reference to the suggested abandonment of England of its control in Egypt. Still not uncommon in journalistic use.
1883R. Churchill Sp. 18 Dec. (1889) I. 79 Now—so says Mr. Gladstone at the Guildhall—we, the Liberal Government..are going to scuttle out of this pandemonium as soon as we can. 1884Pall Mall Gaz. 4 July 1/2 Even if we were going to scuttle next year from Egypt.
2. In Manchester: To take part in a ‘scuttle’ or street-fight. See scuttle n.5 2.
1890Daily News 14 Aug. 5/1 Five men, or rather lads, were in the dock [at the Manchester City Sessions] charged with ‘scuttling’... The prisoners, arming themselves with belts and clasp knives, made their way through the Manchester streets stunning or stabbing, without provocation, every one who came in their way.
▪ VII. scuttle, v.2|ˈskʌt(ə)l|
[f. scuttle n.2]
1. a. trans. To cut or bore a hole or holes in the sides or bottom of (a vessel, boat, etc. for the purpose of sinking her). Hence, by extension: to sink (one's own vessel) deliberately; to submerge; to destroy or smash (a car, aeroplane, etc.). Also refl., of a vessel.
1642in R. H. Hore Hist. Wexford (1900) I. 300 He went..on board and scuttled and set fire to the ships. 1779J. Ramsay Let. 23 Nov. in Parl. Papers 1910 (Cd. 5038) XXXV. 675 Captain Wilkinson is particularly celebrated for having said..he wished that all the English sugar islands were skuttled (sunk). 1790Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. I. 91 Orders had been given to scuttle each ship for sinking,..and they had all a large square plug ready to pull out when the signal..was given. 1821Byron Juan iii. xli, He was the mildest manner'd man That ever scuttled ship or cut a throat. 1877Froude Short Stud. Ser. iv. 106 The vessel..had been scuttled. 1939Times 16 Dec. 7/3 The German steamer Adolf Leonhart (2,989 tons) was scuttled by her crew in the South Atlantic when she was intercepted by a British warship. Ibid. 18 Dec. 8/1 The Admiral Graf Spee the German ‘pocket battleship’ which was cornered by British warships, scuttled herself outside Montevideo harbour last night. 1941Collier's 20 Dec. 50/1 Bruce, in a heavy sedan, had come banging out of his driveway to a collision. No one was hurt, but the flivver was scuttled. 1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 13 June 10 The enemy would reveal herself by firing her guns or scuttling herself. 1955Times 1 June 2/7 His Black Sea fleet had been scuttled and the war was confined to a narrowing circle round Sebastopol.
b. fig. (esp. in political contexts).
1888Ch. Times 3 Feb. 89 A few of them once had a fine Protestant appearance, but they have been scuttled by three recent discoveries. 1940Star 15 May 3/2 A favourite way of settling an argument is to exclaim, ‘You go and scuttle yourself!’ 1942Capital 20 Jan. 1/3 The ill-concealed Axis maneuver, apparently part of a..scheme to scuttle the [Rio de] Janeiro conference. 1955Times 16 May 5/1 ‘Now they scuttle us,’ said Mr. Oatley, ‘by slapping controls on what can be considered the cornerstone of every household—a domestic cooker.’ 1965Mrs L. B. Johnson White House Diary 21 Oct. (1970) 329 The day..began with bad news. The Rent Subsidy Bill had been scuttled without opportunity to work on it. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 24 Apr. 18/3 Earlier this month the White House, in apparent agreement, scuttled a legislative proposal to deregulate cable TV. 1977Time 7 Nov. 21/3 His effort to pay off a campaign promise to maritime unions by fixing the percentage of imported oil that must be carried in U.S. ships was scuttled.
2. a. To cut a hole in (the deck of a vessel), esp. for the purpose of salving the cargo (see quot. 1867).
1789A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. (1805) IV. 37 It was thought necessary to scuttle the deck close aft, which..would enable them to get up and throw overboard some of the provisions and stores. 1816‘Quiz’ Grand Master i. 21 The decks are scuttl'd, and we lay Far in the hollow of the sea. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., To scuttle, to cut or bore holes through part of a ship when she is stranded or overset,..in order to save any part of her contents.
b. transf.
a1797C. Macklin in Europ. Mag. (1801) XL. 16/1 Sir, I remember the time when the price of admission here [at Sadler's Wells] was but threepence, except a few places scuttled off at the sides of the stage at sixpence.
3. Pugilistic slang. to scuttle (a person's) nob: to break (his) head.
1834F. S. Mahony Reliques F. Prout in Fraser's Mag. Dec. 671/1 I'll..scuttle your nob with my fist. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg., Dead Drummer, What!..desart..and then rob! And go scuttling a poor little Drummer-boy's nob. |