| 释义 |
▪ I. scull, n.1|skʌl|
Also 4–5 skulle, 7 scul, 5 sculle, 4–9 skull.
[Of obscure origin.
Some would identify it with skull bowl, goblet, supposing that the name refers to the hollowed form of the blade; but this seems very improbable.]
1. A kind of oar.
a. An oar used to propel a boat by working it from side to side over the stern of the boat, reversing the blade at each turn. Also in Comb., as scull-hole = sculling-hole s.v. sculling vbl. n. b.
b. An oar, shorter and lighter than a ‘rowing’ oar, so that a pair can be operated at once by one person, who sits midway between the sides of the boat.
1345–6in Nicolas Hist. Royal Navy (1847) II. 477 [For four large and long oars called] skulles [4s. 8d.]. 1486Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 13, ij sculles..for the bote of the said ship. 1495Ibid. 193 After skullys..j. a1500Piers of Fullham 275 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 12 And for to rowe in a barge with a skulle Avayleth not but the flud be at full. 1530Palsgr. 268/2 Scull to rowe with, auiron. 1674Petty Disc. R. Soc. 56 Suppose a Paralellipipedon-Boat or Vessel, of breadth fit for a pair of Skulls..and of length sufficient for 9 such Skulls or Oars. 1843G. Little Life on Ocean 63 The crew got the bight of the rope fore and aft the boat, leading it from the stern over the scull-hole. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxix. 287 We moved on in deep silence, with a single scull astern. 1869Dickens Mut. Fr. i. i, The girl rowed, pulling a pair of sculls very easily. 1875W. B. Woodgate Oars & Sculls xv. 118 On a sliding seat the sculls, like oars, should be a trifle longer inboard. 1973W. Elmer Terminol. Fishing iv. 125 Many of the smallest boats are not fitted with rowlocks or tholes, but have a notch in the transom for sculling (sculling-notch or scull-hole).
†2. A boat propelled with a scull or a pair of sculls; a sculling-boat. Obs.
1611Cotgr., Napelette, a small skiffe, scull, or cocke-boat. 1661Pepys Diary 3 Dec., Thence by water..being carried by him in oares that the other day rowed in a scull faster than my oares to the Towre.
†3. One who sculls; a sculler. Obs. rare.
1663Butler Hud. i. iii. 89 He loves, but dares not make the motion;..Like..rowing Skull, he's fain to love, Look one way and a nother move. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) III. 5 Where Sculls did once row, Men walk to and fro.
4. pl. A sculling race.
1878Athletic World 5 Apr. 8/2 The following races have been fixed..Lowe Senior Sculls, July 22;.. Handicap Sculls, Aug. 21.
5. An act of sculling.
1886Tupper Autobiog. 59 The gallop with Mr. Murrell's harriers, or the quick scull to Iffley. 1897Mrs. Rayner Type-writer Girl xvii. 176 To ask me to fill in a journal with the day's events is like asking a galley-slave to take a scull in a pleasure-boat after his toil is over.
▪ II. † scull, n.2 Obs.
Also 6–7 skul, 7 scul.
[? Shortened from scullion.]
A scullion. Also Comb. scull-boy.
1566Drant Horace, Sat. ii. iii. G 4 b, Foulers, fishers, sculls, podingwrightes, the trulls of Tuscus streate. 1598tr. G. de la Perriere's Mirr. Policie D d, The Romane law..ordained that honest Romane wiues should be exempt from..playing the skuls in the kitchen. 1643Vicars Looking Glass 35 God most wisely..makes them..to be but as it were, the very drudges and scull-boyes of his Church. 1743A. Bush in Howell St. Trials (1813) XVII. 1196 He was a little scull that used to go of errands.
▪ III. scull, n.3|skʌl|
A name given locally to various species of gulls.
1813Montagu Ornith. Dict. Suppl., Gull-Arctic. Larus Parasiticus... Provincial. Scull. 1852Macgillivray Brit. Birds V. 492 Lestris Richardsonii. Richardson's Skua... Scull. 1885Swainson Prov. Names Birds 210 Common Skua (Stercorarius catarrhactes)... Scull.
▪ IV. scull, v.|skʌl|
Also 7–9 skull.
[f. scull n.1]
1. a. intr. or absol. To proceed by means of a boat propelled with a scull or a pair of sculls; to use a scull or a pair of sculls in propelling a boat. Also to scull it, and with complement denoting the position of the sculler.
1624[impled in sculling vbl. n.]. 1679V. Alsop Melius Inquir. 159 Others have nothing to do but skull away with the Tide when it comes in. 1834M. Scott Cruise Midge ii, As we sculled along in the clear creek. 1851Mayne Reid Rifle Rangers ii, I had steamed it down the Mississippi, and sculled it up the Orinoco. 1892Furnivall Hoccleve's Minor P. Forew. 47 note, When he peeld to scull bow down-stream.
b. transf. Of a fish: To propel itself. Of the tail: To act as a propeller.
1850Scoresby Cheever's Whalem. Adv. (1858) viii, He has two curious fins to scull with. 1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 59/1 A long greenish form with fins that wavered slowly, and a tail that sculled with just sufficient power to keep its owner in his hiding-place.
c. trans. To make (a particular stroke) in sculling.
1875W. B. Woodgate Oars & Sculls xv. 116 It is possible to scull a much longer stroke than can be rowed.
2. a. trans. To propel (a boat) by means of a scull or a pair of sculls. Also refl. of a fish, etc., to propel itself as by a scull or sculls.
1665Hooke Microgr. 186 [Serving] for the finns and tail, for the Oars and Ruder of this little creature [sc. a water-insect], wherewith it was able..to move himself any whither, and to skull and steer himself as he pleas'd. 1773Hist. Brit. Dom. N. Amer. ii. ii. §12. 217 He [the whale] sculls himself in the water with a large horizontal tail. 1798S. Wilcocke in Naval Chron. (1799) II. 63 They [sc. the boats] are sculled instead of being rowed. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. i, Another boat..dropped alongside. ‘In luck again, Gaffer?’ said a man..who sculled her.
b. intr. Of a boat: To admit of being sculled (well, easily, etc.).
1891Century Dict. s.v., The boat sculls well.
3. trans. To convey (a person) by water in a sculling-boat or by sculling.
1827Gladstone in Morley Life (1903) I. i. ii. 43 Sculled Hallam to Surly after 6. 1883‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 246 He went home sculling himself across the lake. 1903Morley Gladstone I. i. ii. 40 The more sinewy Gladstone used to scull him up to the Shallows.
4. intr. To skate without lifting the feet from the ice.
1895in Funk's Stand. Dict. 1938[implied in sculling vbl. n. a]. 1976Webster's Sports Dict. 376/1 Scull or skull,..to propel oneself forward or backward by alternately moving the heels or the toes apart and together changing from an outer edge on the outward movement to an inner edge on the inward movement.
5. a. to scull about, to lie about; spec. of objects left on the deck of a ship instead of being put away. colloq.
1917‘Taffrail’ Sub v. 136 You went round..with a large bag. In this you placed all..articles..found ‘sculling’ about. 1938C. Morgan Flashing Stream iii. 263 Don't leave it [sc. a key] sculling about. 1943C. S. Forester Ship 12, I want those mess-traps brought back... Don't leave them sculling about on the decks.
b. to scull around (or scull about), to move about aimlessly; also fig. colloq.
1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 20 Mar. 19/7 My opposite number..has one or two questions pertaining to his own branch sculling around in his mind. 1935M. Egan Dominant Sex i. 12 Angela. Where have you been these ages? Alec. Oh, sculling round the country on business. 1950[see number n. 5 c]. 1961B. Fergusson Watery Maze vi. 151 While these ideas were sculling around Whitehall, there arrived from Moscow..M. Molotov. 1981‘J. Ross’ Dark Blue & Dangerous xxiii. 137 What with Wiffen and one or two others who were there sculling about, the picture is a little confusing.
▪ V. scull
see skull.
▪ VI. scull(e
obs. ff. school. |