| 释义 |
▪ I. burgh Sc.|ˈbʌrə|
Forms: 4 burch, 5 bwrch, 6 bruch, brughe, browght, burcht, 7 bourgh, burrow, brught, 8–9 brugh, 6– burgh.
[Var. of borough; obs. in ordinary Eng. use since 17th c., but continued in Scotland, and now always used instead of borough when a Scotch town is referred to. The form brugh is found in Burns and other writers of rustic dialect.]
1. Originally = borough; now restricted to denote a town in Scotland possessing a charter. (The earlier English instances will be found under borough; the examples given here are all Scottish.)
There are three classes of burghs, viz. royal burghs, the charter of which is derived from the king, burgh of regality and burgh of barony, having their charters respectively from a lord of regality and from a baron. Originally only the royal burghs sent representatives to Parliament.
1375Barbour Bruce iv. 213 In burch I wist weill I suld de. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vi. xi. 31 Þe Bwrch of Jerusalem. c1505Dunbar Flyting 201 Thow held the burcht lang with ane borrowit goun. 1566Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 99 The Commissionaris of browghtis. 1597Acts James VI (1814) 148 (Jam.) To erect ane vniuersitie within the said brughe. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 119 The Lawes and Constitvtions of Bvrghs. a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1829) 74 The body of puritan ministers of the burrows of Scotland. 1732–69De Foe, etc. Tour Gt. Brit. IV. 45 There are three Sorts of Burghs; viz. Burghs Royal, Burghs of Regality, and Burghs of Barony. 1785Burns Author's Earnest Cry and Pr. i, Ye Knights an' Squires, Wha represent our brughs an' shires. 1828Scott F.M. Perth I. 60 The right of hunting and sporting over the lands of the burgh. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 371 In burghs, there is often a separate school for classics.
b. burgh and land: town and country. Sc.
1513–75Diurnal of Occurr. (1833) 81 Chargeing all our soueranes liegis alsweill to burgh as to land, regalitie as to royalitie, to address thame to come to Edinburgh. 1540Lyndesay Satyre 1795 Baith in bruch and land. 1634–46Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 74 [The] whole body of this Realme both in brught and land. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxix, I glance like the wildfire through brugh and through land. 1827― Surg. Dau. i, Within burgh, and not landward.
2. Used for borough:
a. by Scotch writers in speaking of foreign towns;
b. as an archaism, either poet. or Hist. (see borough 6 a, burg).
1798Canning New Moral. 434 in Anti-Jacobin 9 July (1852) 219 Till each fair burgh, numerically free Shall choose its members by the Rule of Three. 1816J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 274 The wars of the Normans..made the inhabitants [of Paris] feel the necessity of an enclosure to preserve their burghs from the invasion. 1828Carlyle For. Rev. & Cont. Misc. II. 118 The mere earthly burgh of Stratford-on-Avon.
3. attrib. and comb., as burgh-moor, burgh-school; † burgh-lands, † burgh-roods, lands in a burgh or held by burgage tenure.
c1505Dunbar Tua Mariit Wem. 338 And gottin his biggingis to my barne, & hie *burrow landis.
1513–75Diurnal of Occurr. (1833) 296 Mr. Archibald Grahmes hous..in the *burrowmure.
c1570Leg. Bp. St. Andrews in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 317 Save tua pure aikers of *borrow ruddis.
1864A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock 137 Such was the origin of the *burgh-school. 1876Grant (title) History of the Burgh Schools in Scotland.
▪ II. burgh
obs. form of barrow n.1, borough, burr n.1; var. of broch.
▪ III. burgh
var. burg 2. |