| 释义 |
bureaucracy|bjuːˈrəʊkrəsɪ, -ˈɒkrəsɪ|
Also † bureaucratie, bureau-ocracy.
[a. F. bureaucratie, f. bureau (see prec.) + Gr. -κρατύα rule (cf. aristocracy).]
a. Government by bureaux; usually officialism.
b. Government officials collectively.
1818Lady Morgan Florence Macarthy II. i. 35 Mr. Commisioner..represented the Bureaucratie, or office tyranny, by which Ireland has been so long governed. 1834Tait's Mag. I. 180 The trade-ocracy and bureau-ocracy must now..prepare themselves. 1837J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. XXVIII. 71 That vast net-work of administrative tyranny..that system of bureaucracy, which leaves no free agent in all France, except the man at Paris who pulls the wires. 1843R. R. Madden United Irishmen II. xvii. 367 This ‘bureau-cracy’ was an inveterate evil of Ireland, in the early part of Earl Grey's administration. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. II. 529 The..inexpediency of concentrating in a dominant bureaucracy..all the power of organized action..in the community. 1850Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. iv. (1872) 121 The Continental nuisance called ‘Bureaucracy’. 1858Merc. Mar. Mag. V. 43 The brigand bureaucracy of China. 1860Mill Repr. Govt. 40/1 The work of government has been in the hands of governors by profession; which is the essence and meaning of bureaucracy. |