| 释义 |
▪ I. building, vbl. n.|ˈbɪldɪŋ|
Forms, see build v.
[f. as prec. + -ing1.]
1. a. The action of the verb build, lit. and fig. Freq. with up (also attrib.). †b. Style of construction, build (e.g. of a ship).
c1394P. Pl. Crede 501 In beldinge of tombes þei trauaileþ. 1480in Bury Wills (1850) 65 To be..applied..to the bildyng, sustentacion, and reparacion of the seid collage. 1590Webbe Trav. (Arb.) 33 The houses are of a very olde building. 1604Hieron Wks. I. 515 For the building vp of their soules in Christ Iesus. 1737L. Clarke Hist. Bible viii. (1740) 551 In a Castle of his own Building. 1825Hone Every-day Book I. 1527 This carriage..had been three years in building. 1852Tupper Proverb. Philos. 37 Trifles..are levers in the building up of character. 1901Daily Chron. 5 Dec. 3/4 The synthetic or building-up chemistry. 1942W. S. Churchill End of Beginning (1943) 36 The steady building-up of very powerful forces and bases there.
2. That which is built; a structure, edifice: now a structure of the nature of a house built where it is to stand.
1297R. Glouc. 271 And þer nas of olde house in þe lond non, Þat he ne amendede mid som lond, oþer mid byldynge. c1340Cursor M. 1774 Þe bildyngis fel boþe heȝe & lawe. c1430Syr Gener. 244 This belding we made here Is for you. 1553Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 14 It..hath in it very fayre byldinges. 1611Bible Eccles. x. 18 By much slouthfulnesse the building decayeth. 1724Watts Logic 110 A ship may be defined a large hollow building made to pass over the sea with sails. 1795Southey Joan of Arc vii, Your holy buildings and your homes. 1854Ruskin Lect. Archit. Add. 121 The essential thing in a building..is that it be strongly built, and fit for its uses.
†3. A company (of rooks), a rookery. Obs.
c1470Hors Shepe & G. (1822) 30 A byldyn of rooks A clatering of chowhis. 1481Bk. St. Albans f vi b, A beldyng of Rookes. [1801Strutt Sports & Past. i. ii. 33. 1883 Standard 26 Sept. 5/1 Every one with any pretence to be gentle-folk spoke of..a building of rooks.]
4. attrib. and Comb., as building-board, building-estate, building-ground, building-land, building-lot, building-material, building-place, building-site, building-stone, building-trade, building-tree; also building-block, (a) = block n. 12 b; also fig. and attrib.; (b) one of the temporary supports for a ship's keel while the ship is being built (Knight Dict. Mech. a 1877); building-lease, a lease of land on which the lessee may build; building line, a prescribed limit relative to the frontage beyond which a building must not extend; building motion, in Cotton-spinning, apparatus for winding and shaping uniformly the roving on the bobbins of a fly frame or the yarn of a cop on a mule; building paper orig. U.S., a heavy paper used by builders as a covering or lining material; building-rent (see quot.); building-slip, a slip (see slip n.3 1 b) on which vessels are built; building-society, a society in which the members periodically contribute to a fund out of which money may be lent to any of their number for the purpose of building (or purchasing) a house (see also quot. 1965); building-term, the duration of a building-lease.
1846Boston Herald 14 Oct. 3/1 Jewsharps, Games, *Building Blocks, Harmonicas. 1857Mich. Agric. Soc. Trans. IX. 316 A dozen Patent Building Blocks. 1915J. Webster Dear Enemy (1917) 152 Punch was occupying a rug..engaged with building-blocks. 1936J. Kantor Objective Psychol. Gram. iii. 39 To such a building-block comparison of speech, psychological grammar is strongly opposed. 1949Rev. Eng. Studies XXV. 369 Four..pitch levels..are the ‘basic building blocks’ of the tunes. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics iv. 153 Some hope to learn from gravitational research more about the micro⁓structure of the building blocks of nature, the subatomic particle. 1969Times 5 Feb. 13/7 The most successful symmetry scheme is the one in which the elusive particle, the quark, is the fundamental building block from which all the heavier particles are made.
1917U.S. Pat. 1,227,767 29 May 1/2 *Building board is put in place on the outside of a house..or secured on the inside. 1959M. S. Briggs Conc. Encycl. Archit. 61 Building board, a term covering a wide range of artificial products used internally in modern building.
1884Sir J. C. Mathew Law Reports 14 Queen's B. Div. 758 The land is part of a *building estate.
1858Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law vii. 48 Abutting upon *building-ground belonging to the seller.
1905Westm. Gaz. 12 May 7/1 The L.C.C. purchased squares at *building-land price.
1858Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xvii. 114 Powers..to grant *building-leases.
1885Ld. Watson 26 Feb. in Law Rep. Appeal Cases X. 246, I need not deal with the case of the *building line being more than fifty feet from the highway. 1891Laws of Missouri 47 All cities in Missouri..may establish a building line to which all buildings and structures thereon shall conform. 1925Town Planning Rev. June 185 At corners shops should be kept back to the full building line to both streets. 1971Reader's Digest Family Guide to Law 98 [Planning consent is required] if the extension is beyond the original building line of the house.
1701in Conn. Col. Rec. IV. 357 Pasture, *building lot, and long lott. 1881W. O. Stoddard E. Hardery 15 The high prices of all building lots.
1835C. F. Hoffman Winter in West I. 69 A species of yellow freestone..which, for elegance as a *building material, is not surpassed by marble itself.
1904Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 73/1 *Building motion.
1873Newton Kansan 20 Feb. 3/4 *Building paper, the best substitute for plastering. 1955G. Bowen Wool Away! x. 115 Building paper should be used under the iron above the shearing board.
1845Darwin Voy. Nat. vii. (1870) 138 To prefer the tall trees..for its *building-place.
1776A. Smith W.N. (1869) II. v. ii. 432 The *building rent is the interest or profit of the capital expended in building the house. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. v. iii. §6 (1876) 501.
1871Geo. Eliot Middlem. i. iv. 52 They were driving home from an inspection of the new *building-site. 1966D. Jenkins Educated Society ii. 50 Constructive forces..have no more attraction than building sites.
1846Dodd Brit. Manuf. VI. 147 Every ship-yard has got one or more ‘*building-slips’. 1894Building slip [see slip n.3 1 b].
1848H. C. Robinson Diary 31 Dec. (1967) 250 Miss Martineau..is now full of a prospect of forming here *building-societies for the benefit of the poor in imitation of the Birmingham societies. 1852Geo. Eliot Let. 21 Oct. (1954) 62 There has been an intelligent gentleman visitor today who is interested in Miss Martineau's Building Society. 1862Ld. St. Leonards Vendors & Purch. 377 The members of a building society, whose land was vested in trustees for them. 1965J. L. Hanson Dict. Econ. 51/2 Building societies, institutions which accept deposits and then use their funds to lend on mortgage to people who wish to buy their own houses.
1790Pennsylv. Packet 2 Jan. 4/4 Bourdeaux rough hewn *building stone. 1924R. M. Ogden tr. Koffka's Growth of Mind v. 325 Building-stone of a peculiar shape.
1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4158/4 They intend to Let to Farm a *Building Term in several Houses.
1607Norden Surv. Dial. 210 The Oke, Elme and Ash..indeed are *building trees.
▪ II. ˈbuilding, ppl. a.
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
That builds. Also in comb. as Babel-building.
1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. i. (1840) 12 That foolish Babel-building age. 1832Tennyson May Queen 61 The building rook. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. (1858) 184 Building beavers. |