| 释义 |
builder|ˈbɪldə(r)|
[f. as prec. + -er1.]
1. a. One who builds; the erector of a building. spec. One who ‘builds’ clothes; a tailor (see build v. 3 b). Also fig.; see senses of build v.
As the name of a trade, builder now denotes the master artisan, who receives his instructions from the architect, and employs the masons, carpenters, etc., by whom the manual work is performed.
c1380Wyclif Serm. clviii. Sel. Wks. II. 66 Þe stoon þat bilderis reproveden. 1382Wyclif Isa. xlix. 17 Thi bilderes camen. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 351 The bylder eke to knowe is necessarie What gravel and what lyme is profitable. 1571R. Ascham Scholem. Pref. (Arb.) 21 As it chanceth to busie builders..the worke rose dailie higher and wider. 1596Spenser F.Q. i. i. 8 The builder oake, sole king of forrests all. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 466 The builders..of Babel on the Plain Of Sennaar. 1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 274 He was the..builder-up of his own greatness. 1827Carlyle in For. Rev. & Cont. Misc. II. 121 Not a destroyer, but a builder up. 1845Ainsworth's Mag. VIII. 214 In former days our builders of shooting jackets used to perch the buttons of the waist underneath our shoulder blades. 1851Longfellow Gold. Leg. 162 The builders of Cathedrals.
b. builder's paper, a strong paper sheeting used in building. U.S.
1917C. Mathewson Sec. Base Sloan vii. 88 Red builder's paper superseded the boards across the window frames.
c. builder-upper, one who builds up (something or someone). (Cf. quots. 1825 and 1827, sense 1a above). colloq.
1936Esquire Sept. 59/3 You, Mr. Sports Fan—it is you who plays the role of ‘builder-upper’ [of athletes' morale]. 1944D. Wecter When Johnny comes marching Home iv. ii. 493 A strength ‘that cannot be pooh-poohed even by the most agile tearer-downers nor cheapened by the most blatant builder-uppers’. 1945L. Shelly Hepcats Jive Talk Dict. 22 Builder upper, publicity man. 1951A. H. Cherry Yankee R.N. iii. 83 ‘Off reefers, up shirt-sleeves!’ barked the Royal Navy's ‘fitness and morale’ builder-upper.
2. a. That part of a spinning-machine which regulates the yarn as it is wound on the bobbins.
1884W. S. B. McLaren Spinning vii. 136 The lifter, or builder as it is called, moves more slowly as each layer is placed on the bobbin.
b. A substance added to soap or to a detergent to increase its efficiency.
1931Soap Nov. 29/2 The various bases and salts showing alkaline reaction..are also called fillers in soap, builders, and detergents. 1958Spectator 4 July 16/1 Cotton..cannot be washed so easily and it is necessary to use slightly alkaline ‘builders’ (sodium tripolyphosphate, etc.). 1963A. J. Hall Textile Sci. vi. 284 Some soap-containing proprietary washing powders also contain mild alkalis and silicates and phosphates which are termed ‘builders’.
Add:3. Special Comb. builders' merchant, a supplier of materials to the building trade.
1870Post Office Directory of Building Trades 144/2 *Builders' Merchants, See Building Material Dealers. 1926A. James Commerce Stage I viii. 44 A builder's merchant will deal in timber, bricks and slates. 1977Whitaker's Almanack 1978, 638/2 (heading) Builders Merchants (86). Livery, 180. 1990Practical Householder Apr. 35/3 Your local builders' merchant may not carry many varieties.
▸ builder's bum n.with allusion to the perceived propensity of builders to expose inadvertently this part of the body colloq. (chiefly Brit.) the top of the buttocks and buttock cleft, as revealed when a person bends over or crouches down, or by low-cut or badly fitting trousers.
1988Guardian 22 June 38/7 She says it'll take more than a bunch of blokes with *builder's bums and beer bellies to frighten her off. 2000Snowboard UK Jan. 54 Extra large clothing is tight on him and to add to my own personal amusement, he and his clothing conspire to reveal builder's bum everytime he bends down to clip in. |