| 释义 |
▪ I. scratching, n. Obs. exc. dial. Chiefly pl.|ˈskrætʃɪŋ|
Also 5 pl. scrachenis.
[App. a corrupt form of the word which appears variously as cratchen, cracon, crackling 3, crawke; cf. also the synonymous criton (F. cretons), croote (Wyclif).]
a. The refuse of tallow remaining after refining.
b. The residue of pork fat left after rendering lard: = crackling 3 b.
c1440Psalmi Penit. ci. 3 (1894) 36 My bones beth drie and forsoke, As scrachenis [Vulg. cremium] that beth for⁓fryed. 16..More's note to Ray's N.C. Words, Greaves or Scratchings, sebi reliquiæ. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xviii, She'd take a big cullender to strain her lard wi', and then wonder as the scratchins run through. 1867F. Francis Angling ii. (1880) 70 Scratching as they term greaves on the Trent. 1883Knowledge 18 Aug. 99/1 ‘Scratchings’—a delicacy greatly relished by our British ploughboys, but rather too rich in pork fat. 1899Fishing Gaz. 2 Dec. 455/1 Scratchings, or..the refuse of the tallow chandlers' boilings, is anything but a desirable substance to handle.
▪ II. scratching, vbl. n.|ˈskrætʃɪŋ|
[-ing1.]
a. The action of the vb. scratch in various senses.
1549Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 24 For what shall I loke for amonge thornes but prickyng and scrachinge? 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. i. 30, I would thou didst itch from head to foot, and I had the scratching of thee. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 37, I heard a scratching about my bed; I am sure it must be rats. 1817–8Cobbett Resid. U.S. (1822) 60 In the broadcast method the after-culture must, of course, be confined to hoeing, or, as Tull calls it, scratching. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xv. 100 We crossed the Grimsel pass, and traced the [glacier] scratchings to the very top of it. 1884Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 7 Oct. 1/8 There is always more or less scratching of names of the Electors, and a recount would be necessary to settle this point alone. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 490 Pruritic dermatoses in which rubbing and scratching are induced.
b. attrib. and Comb., as scratching tool; scratching-board, a board upon which are posted the names of those who have withdrawn from a competition; scratching ground, -shed, shelter, a part of a poultry-run reserved for the dust-bath; scratching post, a stake (or the like) against which animals rub themselves to allay itching.
1891N. Gould Double Event 118 Judging from the *scratching-board there would be good fields.
1901Westm. Gaz. 26 Jan. 1/3 One of the Crick hens..wearied of her legitimate *scratching-grounds, and flew over the low wall that divided the holdings of the neighbours.
1890J. Macdonald Light in Africa iii. 37 Cattle got among their tent ropes, and they erected ‘*scratching posts’ to keep them away from their camp. 1895Outing (U.S.) XXVII. 47/1 We little dreamed that one of our nags would use the bow of our birch as a scratching post. 1968New York City (Michelin) 73 Abercrombie and Fitch... One can find almost anything here, from a ten-cent fish hook to..a scratching post for your cat.
1902L. Wright in Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 881/2 In several cases it [the colony plan] has been abandoned for the system of houses and *scratching sheds.
1880A. R. Wallace Isl. Life vii. 111 The harder blocks would serve as *scratching and grinding tools.
Add:[a.] (Examples in senses 9 d and 12 of the vb.)
1982N.Y. Times 8 Dec. c30/3 The Supreme Team includes a disk jockey who's adept at ‘scratching’, manipulating a record on a turntable in order to get a scratchy, percussive rhythm. 1985M. Wilcox et al. Subverting Television (pamphlet) 2/1 The fluid scratching of Welsh and the Goldbacher/Flitcroft team..exploits all the sensual effects of video processing. 1987Blues & Soul 3–16 Feb. 30/2 At the same time in the US of A, deejay Jazzy Jeff has made it to the American finals by winning the Philadelphia heat with his transformer-style scratching.
▪ III. scratching, ppl. a.|ˈskrætʃɪŋ|
[-ing2.]
That scratches, in various senses of the verb.
1577Kendall Flowers of Epigr., Trifles 3 A Crowne of thorne with scratching pricks our Christ did willing weare. 1614Latham Falconry (1633) 34 These kinde of scratching Hawks, that I did never love should come too neere my fingers. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. ii, Like the legs of scratching poultry. |