| 释义 |
▪ I. scrap, n.1|skræp|
Forms: 4–7 scrappe, 8 Sc. scrape, 6– scrap.
[a. ON. skrap scraps, trifles (Sw. skrap, Da. skrab), f. root of skrapa scrape v.]
1. pl. The remains of a meal; fragments (of food); broken meat. rare in sing. Also fig.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 15 Ȝif I miȝte gadre som⁓what of þe crommes þat falleþ of lordes bordes... And also ȝif I myȝt gadre eny scrappes of þe releef of þe twelf cupes. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 151, I shall in generall, gather certayne scrappes & crommes that holy doctours hath left behynde them in wrytynge. c1550Cheke Matt xv. 27 For y⊇ whelpes eat of y⊇ scrappes yt fal from yeer Mrs. table. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. i. 40 They haue beene at a great feast of Languages, and stolne the scraps. 1610Rowlands Martin Mark-all E 3, The muggill will tip you fat scraps and glorious bits, the Beadle will well bumbast you. 1612Bacon Ess., Of Judicature (Arb.) 456 Those that ingage Courts in quarrels of Iurisdiction,..for their own scrappes and aduantage. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iv. vi. 207 He drinks water, and liue's of wort leaues, pulse, like a hog, or scraps like a dog. 1690Locke Hum. Und. Ep. to Rdr., He who has raised himself above the alms-basket, and not content to live lazily on scraps of begged opinions, sets his own thoughts on work to find and follow truth. 1718Pope Odyss. xvii. 259 'Twas but for scraps he ask'd. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. I. 239 Feeding them only with delusive expectations and stale scraps of enjoyment. 1810Crabbe Borough xiii. Wks. 1834 III. 221 Scraping they lived but not a scrap they gave. 1856Macaulay Johnson Misc. Writ. 1860 II. 274 He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xxi, He brought out of the pantry a dish of scraps [for a dog].
2. A remnant; a small detached piece; a piece very small by comparison with the whole; a fragmentary portion. Often with negative context = (not) the least piece.
a. Of material things.
1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. 39 Neuer so little scraps or shreds or short ends of lace. 1682Bunyan Holy War (1905) 261 If Mansoul come to be mine, I shall not..consent that there should be the least scrap, shred, or dust of Diabolus left behind. 1726Swift Gulliver iii. ii, Like the scraps of paper fastened by school-boys at the end of the string that holds their kite. 1761Gray Let. J. Brown 24 Sept, Then I got a scrap of supper, and..walked home. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xxxvi, As she passed through the crowd,..a scrap of paper was thrust into her hand. 1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 27 Not a scrap of meat, or an ounce of biscuit, was left on board. 1878Black Green Past. xxix, Without a scrap of jewellery either round her neck or on her hands.
(b) scrap of paper: applied contemptuously to a document containing a treaty or pledge which one does not intend to honour.
The phrase is said to have been used by the German Chancellor, Bethmann-Hollweg (1856–1921), in connection with German violation of Belgian neutrality in August 1914 (cf. G. ein Fetzen Papier). Some later examples allude to this.
1840Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. 11 Apr. 94/1 He no more dreamt of..honouring his scraps of paper..than of paying the national debt. 1914E. Goschen Let. 8 Aug. in Coll. Diplomatic Documents rel. Outbreak Europ. War (1915) 111 The Chancellor said that..just for a word—‘neutrality’,—just for a scrap of paper Great Britain was going to make war on a kindred nation. 1918Daily Mail Year Bk. 1919 62/1 Those familiar with the ‘scrap of paper’ theory need hardly be told that the pledges given by the German Emperor..were not observed. 1932K. Campbell Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough 83 James made it plainer every day..that, compared with his Church, the constitution of England and his own coronation oaths were mere scraps of paper. 1954W. K. Hancock Country & Calling iv. 111 The British Empire, not so many years back, had professed itself to be at war with the doctrine that a treaty was only ‘a scrap of paper’. 1974M. Gilbert Flash Point vi. 50 The First World War was fought over a small thing. A scrap of paper. 1980Times 3 July 17/2 The Treaty of Union..wasn't a sacrosanct document, but in empirically English fact, just a ‘scrap of paper’.
b. Of immaterial things, conversation, literary compositions, etc.
1607Marston What you will ii. i, A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse, Looke the I speake play scrappes. 1693Locke Educ. § 166. 209 Languages are to be learn'd only by reading, and talking, and not by scraps of Authors got by Heart. 1700Congreve Way of World i. v, He is a Fool with a good Memory, and some few Scraps of other Folks Wit. 1711Steele Spect. No. 96 ⁋2, I..was forced to get what Scraps of Learning I could by my own Industry. 1728Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 359 My Lord Grange took up the debate,..in a very distinct discourse, which I cannot pretend to resume; it's but scrapes I can give. 1767Wesley Jrnl. 17 July, In my scraps of time..I read over that..poem. 1847Tennyson Princess ii. 353 Follow'd then A classic lecture,..With scraps of thundrous Epic lilted out By violet-hooded Doctors. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. App. 613 There is not a scrap of evidence in support of it. 1879McCarthy Own Times II. xxix. 400 He could turn to account every scrap of knowledge..which he happened to possess. 1888Burgon 12 Gd. Men I. i. 22 The following note..is almost the only scrap of his early private correspondence which has reached me.
c. A small picture, cutting, etc. to be put in a scrap-book or used for ornamenting a screen, box, or the like.
1880N. & Q. Ser. vi. II. 212/1 Having mounted many scraps of many kinds, including photos, I have found nothing so good as a..solution of gum arabic.
d. A small person. colloq.
1898H. James Two Magics 60 ‘Perhaps she likes it!’ ‘Likes such things—a scrap of an infant!’ 1928E. P. Oppenheim Chron. Melhampton v. 146, I wasn't here for long, and I was a scrap of a fellow those days. 1939N. Streatfeild Luke 109, I didn't know the poor little scrap could look so radiant. 1958Woman's Jrnl. Mar. 77/2 ‘The woman?’.. ‘They picked her up late last night. Poor little scrap.’
3. pl.
a. The pieces of blubber, fish, etc. remaining after the oil has been extracted. Also collect. sing.
b. (See quot. 1823.) dial.
Cf. the synonymous crap n.1 3.
1631E. Pellham Gods Power 22 The Frittars or Graves of the Whale. marg. note. These be the Scraps of the Fat of the Whale, which are flung away after the Oyle is gotten out of it. 1823Moor Suffolk Words, Scraps,..the small pieces of fat pork remaining after the operation of boiling for the purpose of extracting the lard. 1839T. Beale Sperm Whale 187 The crisp membranous parts after the oil is extracted, and which are called by whalers ‘scraps’, serving for fuel. 1878L. Maddocks Menhaden Fish. Maine 32 The article bears the same name when bought and sold as material for the superphosphate manufacturers, being called green or dry scrap, according to the moisture contained. 1879G. B. Goode Catal. Anim. Resources U.S. 187 Oil-factory scraps. Fish-scraps. 1898F. T. Bullen Cruise Cachalot iii. (1900) 18 The fires were fed with ‘scrap’.
4. Founding.
a. pl. Remnants of metal produced in cutting up or casting.
b. = scrap-iron.
a.1790Keir in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 367 In cutting out the rolled plated metal into pieces of the required forms and sizes, there are many shreds, or scraps as they are called, unfit for any purpose but the recovery of the metals by separating them from each other. 1891Labour Commission Gloss. s.v., When the bottom of a puddling furnace requires renewing, malleable scrap-iron is put in and burned up till the bottom is covered with a coating of silica. This operation is termed ‘putting scraps on’.
b.1846Greener Gun 136 ‘Twopenny’ or ‘Wednesbury skelp’..is made of an inferior scrap. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 109 The pigs are to form the bath in which wrought iron and steel scrap is to be melted.
5. attrib. quasi-adj. Consisting of scraps.
1815Gentl. Mag. LXXXV. ii. 540/1 The scrap-knowledge of musick is immethodically made up of second-hand quotations. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 14 Nine tons and more of mild scrap steel. 1902Daily Chron. 4 Jan. 6/6 While two women..were digging for scrap coal into a disused railway embankment.
6. attrib. and Comb., as scrap dealer, scrap dealing, scrap gatherer, scrap merchant, scrap-metal; scrap basket, a waste-paper basket; scrap-box, a receptacle for scrap-iron; scrap-cake, (a) dial. (see quot. 1877); (b) the solidified residuum of tried-out fat; (c) refuse of fish, etc.; scrap dinner, a makeshift dinner; scrap-furnace, one for melting scrap-iron; scrap-ground = scrapyard below; scrap-hopper, a trough used in trying out blubber; scrap man, one whose business is the collection and sale of scrap-metal and its salvageable accessories; scrap-monger, one who deals in (literary) scraps; scrap paper, paper that may be repulped or used again; rough paper for casual jotting; scrap-pie, a pie consisting of scraps or remains of meals; scrap pudding (see quot.); scrap screen chiefly Hist., a screen or divider (as in a nursery) decorated with scraps (sense 2 c); scrapyard, the site of a scrap-heap; spec. a place where disused motor vehicles, etc., are scrapped. Also scrap-book, -heap, -iron.
1872C. M. Yonge P's & Q's ix. 94 If she put it in the *scrap basket, Persis herself might look in and see the writing. 1912E. Pound Let. Dec. (1971) 13, I won't quarrel with you over what you see fit to put in the scrap basket.
1858Greener Gunnery 15 If they could return and see their handiwork consigned to the *scrap-box as old iron.
1877Holderness Gloss., *Scrap-keeaks, cakes made of dough mixed with scraps of fat or dripping. 1879U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries V. 174 This cheese or scrap-cake is ground to different degrees of fineness.
1976Loughborough Monitor 26 Nov., He had worked as a *scrap dealer while claiming supplementary benefit.
1977Belfast Tel. 22 Feb. 4/1 (caption) For *scrap dealing..two heads better than one.
1776in Archives of Maryland XI. 96 Will it be agreeable to the Governor and yourself to take a *Scrap Dinner with me tomorrow. 1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. 182 Mr. Sidney always came unseasonably... So sure as we had a scrap dinner, so sure came he.
1861Fairbairn Iron 89 Balling and *scrap furnaces.
1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 136 Parasites and *scrap-gatherers at free-cost feasts.
1927Observer 21 Aug. 19/2 Six years is about the maximum age of the cars taken for scrapping in America. Some reach the *scrap-ground much earlier.
1879G. B. Goode Catal. Anim. Resources U.S. 175 *Scrap-hopper.
1927Observer 21 Aug. 19/2 The *scrap man's interest in these vehicles is purely that of a replacement part merchant. 1977Custom Car Nov. 5/1 When it comes to fridge pumps, beware. The scrapman is out to con you.
1978R. V. Jones Most Secret War i. 5 It certainly was tough, the future of my contemporaries encompassing everything from barrow boy to millionaire *scrapmerchant and trade union peer.
1941Proc. Prehist. Soc. VII. 130 The Bronze Age pieces must be..*scrap-metal. 1962A. Battersby Guide to Stock Control 3 The petty cash box resembles the scrap-metal example in reverse.
1786Wolcot (P. Pindar) Ep. Boswell 23 Thou, curious *scrapmonger, shalt live in song When Death hath still'd the rattle of thy tongue.
1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 228/2 The materials for the commoner classes of work are old waste and scrap paper, repulped... For very delicate relief ornaments, a pulp of *scrap paper is prepared. 1960M. Spark Bachelors xi. 195 Marlene walked solemnly downstairs and demanded some scrap paper from the hall porter. 1969C. Irving Fake! (1970) iii. 39 He..made some preliminary sketches for several hours on scrap paper.
1829C. A. Bowles (Mrs. Southey) Chapters on Churchyards II. i. 23 Just as the ‘young gentlemen’ had risen from their Saturday's commons of *scrap-pie and stick-jaw. 1876J. Payn Halves xii, ‘Scrap pie’ and unattractive cutlets.
1886W. Somerset Word-bk., *Scrap pudding, a pudding made by mixing flour with the small pieces of meat left after the fat of a pig has been melted down to lard.
1873Young Englishwoman Jan. 51/3 Lizzie would be glad if the Editor could give her any information as to making a *scrap screen. 1899Beerbohm More 173 They will make the scrap-screen their background. 1962N. Marsh Hand in Glove v. 148 The room was masked from its entrance by an old-fashioned scrap screen. 1964S. Nowell-Smith Edwardian England iv. 201 The dark, cosy Victorian nursery..brightened by the varnished scrap-screen.
1963Times 11 Jan. 10/3 (heading) Tow breaks on way to *scrapyard. 1978T. Allbeury Lantern Network iv. 59 A scrapyard with big double gates.
▪ II. scrap, n.2 slang.|skræp|
Also 8–9 scrapp.
†1. (See quots. 1725, 1809.) Obs.
1679–80C. Hatton in H. Corr. (Camden) 217 The factious personns of his gange,..now mightily commiserat him, as if his accusation wase only to carry on y⊇ pretended Presbiterian plot; for in truth they are in great feare Sr Robt. Payton shou'd bring them into y⊇ scrappe. 1725New Cant. Dict., Scrap, a Design, a purpos'd Villainy, a vile Intention; also a perpetrated Roguery: He whiddles the whole Scrap; He discovers all he knows. 1809G. Andrewes Dict. Slang, Scrapp, a villainous scheme.
2. a. A struggle, scrimmage, tussle; a boxing-match. Also gen., a contest.
1846Swell's Night Guide 75 By way of varying the slang, the mock combat turns into a right good scrap. 1874[see scrap v.2]. 1885G. Dolby Dickens iv. 102 Papers, which he threw carelessly amongst a group of passengers to be scrambled for—producing an effect more resembling a ‘scrap’ in a game of football than the action of a lot of sober citizens. 1905Century Mag. Aug. 485/1 A suggestion to match the two coxswains..for a ‘feather-weight scrap’. 1916[see bandbox c]. 1959[see go n. 4 b]. 1973Times 10 Dec. 9/5 In a final that provided a keen scrap rather than a match of high quality, they beat the Etonians. 1977J. Cleary High Road to China v. 158 My chaps..[are] itching for a scrap, y'know.
b. A contest of words; a row, quarrel, squabble; a heated discussion.
1890Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang II. 210/1 Having a scrap up is having a quarrel, a row. 1900Dialect Notes II. 57 Scrap,..a quarrel of words, sometimes good-natured. 1903N.Y. Tribune 6 Sept. 2/2 In directing the proceedings..Mr. Hill was careful to sidetrack anything containing the germ of a ‘scrap’. 1928J. Galsworthy Swan Song ii. xi. 199 It was his impression that they'd been having a scrap.
▪ III. scrap, v.1 dial.|skræp|
[var. of scrab v.]
intr. (See quot. 1895.)
c1475Cath. Angl. 324/2 (MS. Addit.), To Scrappe as a hen dose, ruspare. 1895E. Angl. Gloss., Scrap, to scratch in the earth; as a dog or other animal having that propensity.
▪ IV. scrap, v.2 slang.|skræp|
[f. scrap n.2]
a. intr. To fight, box. Also, to scrimmage.
1874Hotten's Slang Dict. 280 Scrap, to fight. Also used as a substantive. 1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 137 Look..at the football picture opposite; note the two quarter backs, scrapping with each other in friendly combat.
b. trans. To box with (an opponent). Also fig.
1893P. H. Emerson Signor Lippo xvii. 83, I could put up my dooks, so I was backed to scrap a cove bigger nor me. 1936L. C. Douglas White Banners xvi. 335, I have given him until June first to scrap it out with himself.
c. intr. To quarrel, squabble; to engage in heated argument or angry dispute.
1895W. C. Gore in Inlander Nov. 65 Scrap,..to quarrel. 1900Dialect Notes II. 57 Scrap,..to quarrel, sometimes good-naturedly. 1923Daily Mail 28 June 5 Are you going on scrapping over this garden fence for the rest of your lives? 1941B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? vii. 120 The play..was one of those things about two red-blooded guys who are always scrapping and loving each other.
▪ V. scrap, v.3|skræp|
[f. scrap n.1]
1. trans. To break up into scrap-iron (machinery or ironwork which has become worn out or superseded); to consign to the scrap-heap. Also fig.
1902Daily Chron. 27 Oct. 8/4 The Americans would ‘scrap’ it [sc. a machine] at once if they discovered that something better had got on the market. 1904G. B. Shaw Comm. Sense Municipal Trading 41 Private enterprise..will not start a new system until it is forced to scrap the old one. 1906Morning Post 6 July 6/6 A clause which will have to be ‘scrapped’. 1908Sat. Rev. 11 July 38/1 The policy of..building fast small cruisers while scrapping numerous vessels of older type.
2. To make scrap or refuse of (menhaden or blubber).
1891in Century Dict. |