| 释义 |
▪ I. broth, n.|brɒθ, -ɔː-|
Forms: 1–4 broþ, 4–6 brothe, 6–8 broath, 7 broathe, 3– broth.
[Com. Teut.: OE. broþ = OHG. brod, prod, ON. broð:—OTeut. broþo(m), f. vb.-root brū̆- to prepare by boiling, make a decoction: see brew. (Cf. F. bouillon broth, f. bouillir to boil.) The OHG. word was adopted in Romanic, giving med.L. brodum, brodium, It. brodo, Sp., Pg. brodio, Pr. bro, OF. bro, breu, whence broet, browet, brewis. Irish broth, Gael. brot, are from Eng.]
1. a. The liquid in which anything has been boiled, and which is impregnated with its juice; a decoction; esp. that in which meat is boiled or macerated; also a thin soup made from this with the addition of vegetables, pearl barley, rice, etc., as Scotch ‘broth’.
a1000Colloq. Monast. xxix. 13 (Bosw.) Fætt broþ ᵹe maᵹon habban. 1297R. Glouc. 528 On of is men..Caste broth vp a clerc. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. (Tollemache MS.) xvii. lxx, Broþ of þe leues þerof [broom] abateþ swellynge of þe splene. c1400Mandeville xxiii. 250 Non other potages but the brothe of the flesche. c1440Promp. Parv. 53 Brothe, brodium, liquamen. 1530Palsgr. 201/2 Brothe of fysshe or flesshe, brovet. 1535Coverdale Judg. vi. 20 Take the flesh..& set it vpon the stonye rocke..and poure the broth theron. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. xxxix. 57 The decoction or brothe of Agrimonie. 1580Sidney Arcadia iii. 281 She herself had used to make the broaths. 1611Shakes. Cymb. iv. ii. 50 He..sawc'st our Brothes, as Juno had bin sicke, And he her Dieter. 1665Gerbier Princ. 24 Too many Cooks spoils the Broth. 1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin i. 7 Bad 'em serve in the broath [rime loath]. 1712Steele Spect. No. 308 ⁋3, I am sure..you love Broth better than Soup. 1804Wolcott (P. Pindar) Gt. Cry & Litt. Wool Wks. 1812 V. 165 The more cooks the worse broth. 1861Ramsay Remin. (ed. 18) 118 She..never did more than to sup a few family broth.
b. fig. and transf. (Cf. stew, browst, etc.).
c1526Frith Disput. Purgatory (1829) 141 If he had thought to have gone through purgatory..there should he have had an hot broth and an heartless. a1533Ld. Berners Huon vi. 13 He sware he wolde purchace for the two sonnes..suche a broth [1601 traine] that they shulde bothe dye in doloure. 1878Seeley Stein III. 390 They..want to..dissolve all civil society into a great fluid broth.
c. Bacteriol. A liquid (as a sterilized infusion of meat) prepared or used as a culture medium.
1885Woodhead & Hare Pathological Mycol. iv. 107 To carry on cultivations with the sterile broth thus prepared, it is convenient to have it divided into small quantities. 1897Pearmain & Moor Appl. Bacteriol. ii. 57 Glycerin-broth is used for the cultivation of the tubercle bacillus. 1899G. Newman Bacteria i. 21 To provide peptone beef-broth, ten grains of peptone and five grains of common salt are added to every litre of acid beef-broth. 1930Syst. Bacteriol. (Med. Res. Council) I. ix. 354 Old cultures in ordinary broth often yield a considerable variety of colonies when plated on agar or gelatin. 1956R. Hare Outl. Bacteriol. & Immunity ii. 37 Infusion broth..consists of the extractives which go into solution when minced meat is allowed to steep in water. 1959[see broth culture].
†2. Loosely applied to various boiled, brewed, or decocted liquors; also to the brine of ocean, melted snow (snow-broth), etc. Cf. Sc. bree, broo.
c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 28 With brothe of venegur drawȝe hit withalle. 1558Phaër æneid viii. Z iv, There went the salt sea broad with swellynge broth. 1593Bacchus Bountie in Harl. Misc. (1809) II. 264 Bickering with the broth of bountifull Bacchus. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Odour ii, This broth of smells, that feeds & fats my minde. 1691Ray Making of Salt 206 If you put in too much [ale] it will make the Broth [of brine] boil over the Pan. 1765Tucker Lt. Nat II. 361 A sop in the briny broth of ocean.
3. Phrases. † to make white broth of, said of boiling to death (as a poisoner). a broth of a boy: the essence of what a boy should be, a downright good fellow (colloq. Irish).
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 4 She was afraid that Cook the Lord Chief Justice would have made white broth of them, but the prerogative kept them from the pot. 1822Byron Juan viii. xxiv, Juan was quite ‘a broth of a boy’. 1843Mrs. Tonna Judah's Lion 131 Papa says you are the broth of a boy, for taking care of me.
4. Comb.: broth culture, (the micro-organisms in) a sample of broth used as a culture medium.
1897Jrnl. Path. & Bacteriol. IV. 196 To test the virulence of our bacilli we injected guinea-pigs subcutaneously with broth-cultures. 1909Practitioner Nov. 596 Over the surface of the agar..pour a two-days old broth culture of bacillus prodigiosus. 1959F. S. Stewart Bigger's Handbk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) x. 190 Serial dilutions of the drug are made in broth and inoculated with the organism—the inoculum usually being a small amount of a broth culture.
▪ II. † broth, brothe, a. Obs.
[ME. brōþ:—earlier brāþ (north Eng. brāth: see brath):—ON. bráð-r hasty, rash, passionate.]
Impetuous, violent, passionate, wrathful; also quasi-n.
c1200Ormin 7172 Þat he be grimme..& braþ. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 149 Þat oþer burne watz abayst of his broþe wordez. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2233 He..orpedly strydez, Bremly broþe on a bent. c1420Avow. Arth. xvi. Thus bidus that brothe. |