| 释义 |
scientism|ˈsaɪəntɪz(ə)m|
[f. scient- (see scientist) + -ism.]
1. The habit and mode of expression of a man of science.
1877Fraser's Mag. XVI. 274 Its dogmatism on the one hand,..and its ‘scientism’ on the other, even when most atheistic, are tempered with mutual civility. 1895Daily News 14 Nov. 6/5 By scientism he meant to express that change which had come over the thought of the world in consequence of the wonderful additions to the common stock of knowledge. 1903Contemp. Rev. May 727 What modern Scientism knows as the Supersensuous Consciousness.
2. A term applied (freq. in a derogatory manner) to a belief in the omnipotence of scientific knowledge and techniques; also to the view that the methods of study appropriate to physical science can replace those used in other fields such as philosophy and, esp., human behaviour and the social sciences.
1921G. B. Shaw Back to Methuselah p. lxxviii, The iconography and hagiology of Scientism are as copious as they are mostly squalid. 1937J. Laver French Painting in Nineteenth Cent. i. 73 It really appeared to many educated people that at last all the secrets of the universe would be discovered and all the problems of human life solved. This superstition..we may call ‘Scientism’. 1938G. Reavey tr. Berdyaev's Solitude & Society i. 12 Science has not only progressively reduced the competence of philosophy, but it has also attempted to suppress it altogether and to replace it by its own claim to universality. This process is generally known as ‘scientism’. 1942F. A. von Hayek in Economica IX. 269 We shall wherever we are concerned, not with the general spirit of disinterested inquiry but with that slavish imitation of the method and language of science, speak of ‘scientism’ or the ‘scientistic’ prejudice. 1953A. H. Hobbs Social Problems & Scientism ii. 17 Scientism, as a belief that science can furnish answers to all human problems, makes science a substitute for philosophy, religion, manners, and morals... It is a pattern of beliefs..a creed that shapes thinking and affects behavior. 1956E. H. Hutten Lang. Mod. Physics vi. 273 This belief in the omnipotence of science is..making a mockery of science: for this scientism represents the same, superstitious, attitude which, in previous times, ascribed such power to a supernatural agency. 1957W. H. Whyte Organization Man iii. 23 Scientism,..the promise that with the same techniques that have worked in the physical sciences we can eventually create an exact science of man. 1969Encounter Jan. 23/2 There is an aberration of science..which has come to be known as ‘scientism’... It stands for the belief that science knows or will soon know all the answers. 1972K. R. Popper Objective Knowl. iv. 185 The term ‘scientism’ meant originally ‘the slavish imitation of the method and language of (natural) science’, especially by social scientists. Ibid. 186 But I would go even further and accuse at least some professional historians of ‘scientism’. 1977A. Sheridan tr. J. Lacan's Écrits iii. 76 The early development of psychoanalysis..expresses..nothing less than the re-creation of human meaning in an arid period of scientism. 1980Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Sept. 1072/2 Naturalism, in David Thomas's usage, is equivalent to what many know as scientism: the doctrine that there is no reason to think that the study of human agents, and the study of the social systems to which human agents give rise, cannot be pursued according to a methodology drawn from natural science. |