| 释义 |
▪ I. schoolmaster, n.1|ˈskuːlmɑːstə(r), -æ-|
Forms: see school n.1 and master n.1
[f. school n.1 + master n.1 Cf. G. schulmeister, Du. schoolmeester, Sw. skolmästare, Da. skolemester.]
1. a. The master of a school, or one of the masters in a school.
† schoolmaster of grammar: a teacher of Latin in a school.
a1225Leg. Kath. 522 Þes sondes mon..brohte wið him fifti scolemaistres. 1429Coventry Leet Bk. 118 Mayster John Pynchard, skolemayster of Grammer, shall haue the place that he duelleth Inne for xl s. ye yere, whyles that he duellithe In hit & holdythe gramer skole hym-self ther-Inne. 1480Caxton Descr. Brit. xv. 18 Othir scolemaiestres vse the same way now. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xv. (1880) I. 166 If the name of a schole maister were nat so moche had in contempte. 1546in Eng. Gilds (1870) 198 For the meyntenaunce of a scolemaster of Gramer. a1583Sir H. Gilbert Q. Eliz. Achad. (1869) 2 First, there shalbe one Schole⁓maister, who shall teach Grammar, both greke and latine. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. II. 465 [He and] Robert Maxual baith scuil maisteris. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. 254 Master Lilye Schoole-maister of Paules. Ibid. 761 Reginold Bainbrig..head schoolemaster of Applebey. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. x. §16. 245 'Twould be a hard Matter, to persuade any one, that the Words which his Father or School-Master..used, signified nothing that really existed in Nature. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 173 Every good scholar is not fitted for a schoolmaster, the art of teaching is quite different from that of knowing the language taught. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 249 The sum commonly paid to a schoolmaster in Peshawer, is about fifteen pence a month. 1815Falconer's Dict. Marine (ed. Burney) s.v., The heads of the examination of a schoolmaster for the Royal Navy, are as follows.
b. the schoolmaster is abroad: a saying of Ld. Brougham (see quot. 1828) which became proverbial, at first in its original meaning as expressing exulting confidence in the results of the spread of popular education, afterwards chiefly in derisive use.
Sometimes jocularly misapplied, as if abroad meant ‘not at home’, ‘gone out of the country’.
1828Brougham in Times 30 Jan. 3/3 Let the soldier be abroad, in the present age he could do nothing. There was another person abroad... The schoolmaster was abroad.. and he trusted more to him, armed with his primer, than he did to the soldier in full military array, for upholding and extending the liberties of his country. 1831Praed Why & Wherefore in Pol. & Occas. Poems (1888) 138 The school⁓master's abroad, you see; And, when the people hear him speak, They all insist on being free, And reading Homer in the Greek; The Bolton weavers seize the pen, The Sussex farmers scorn the plough. 1836Haliburton Clockmaker Ser. i. xv, Well, they've got a cant phrase here, ‘the school⁓master is abroad’, and every feller tells you that fifty times a day. 1853Lytton My Novel i. x, In those dark days, before the schoolmaster was abroad. 1857Trollope Three Clerks ii, ‘Well, I believe it's quite a new thing,’ said Marie Tudor. ‘The school-master must be abroad with a vengeance, if he has got as far as that.’ [1886Minchin Growth Freedom Balkan Penin. 53 The progress of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the Austrian occupation has been immense. The schoolmaster has crossed the Save. Since 1878, no less than forty schools have been established under Government auspices.]
c. transf. and fig.
1526Tindale Gal. iii. 24 The lawe was oure scolemaster vnto the tyme of Christ. 1550Coverdale Spir. Perle vi. 51 Therefore the heauenly scholemaster knappeth vs on the fingers, tyll we apprehende and learne his wyll more perfitely. 1605Camden Rem., Inhabitants 10 Our countrimen have twice beene schoolemaisters to France. First when they taught the Gaules the discipline of the Druides; and after [etc.]. 1678J. Browne Disc. Wounds 51 Anatomy..is an excellent Schoolmaster, the which perfectly learneth us to know how the Nerves which are sprinkled about the Face [etc.]. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) II. 506 The sailors of Salamis became the schoolmasters of Hellas, teaching the Hellenes not to fear the barbarians at sea.
†d. Used for the later schoolmistress. Obs.
Quot. c 1460 perhaps hardly belongs here, as the poet seems to be comparing the lover's timidity in the presence of his lady to a boy's dread of his schoolmaster. The alteration in the Trinity MS. removes the awkwardness of the expression, but destroys the point.
a1225Ancr. R. 422 Ancre ne schal nout forwurðen scol⁓meistre, ne turnen hire ancre hus to childrene scole. c1460Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame 137 His scole-maister [a 1500 MS. Trin. scolemaystress] had suche auctorite That.. Speke coude he nat, but upon her beaute.
†e. Applied to a private tutor. Obs.
c1510Robt. Deuyll in Thoms Prose Rom. (1827) I. 10 My sone me thyncke it necessary and tyme, for me to gete you a wyse scole mayster, to lerne vertues and doctrine. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. A, A studiis,..a princes schole maister or instructour in learnyng. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. i. 94 And for I know she taketh most delight In Musike, Instruments, and Poetry, Schoolemasters will I keepe within my house, Fit to instruct her youth. Ibid. i. ii. 133. 1645 Symonds Diary (Camden) 226 Dr. Dereham..received one Horner to be a schoole-mr. to some youthe in his howse. 1654Gataker Disc. Apol. 45 A yong Scholar, who was then School-master in his Familie.
f. An experienced horse used to train horses or riders at a riding-school.
1937in Partridge Dict. Slang. 1938H. Wynmalen Equitation ix. 40 Moving away from other horses must be taught him. To this end we shall ride him beside another horse, a schoolmaster. 1976Horse & Hound 10 Dec. 68/4 (Advt.), This pony is one of the finest schoolmasters jumping in 12 hands 2 in. classes.
2. Used as a name for certain species of fishes. Also attrib.
1734Mortimer Nat. Hist. Carolina & Bahamas in Phil. Trans. XXXVIII. 316 Perca marina, pinnis branchialibus carens. The School-master. 1876Goode Fishes of Bermudas 55 The School-master Snapper and Silk Snapper of the fishermen probably belong to this genus.
3. a. attrib. and Comb.
1642J. Eaton Honey-c. Free Justif. 103 The school⁓master-like governement began to slacke and cease. Ibid. 104 Schoole-master-like whippings inflicted in former times. 1898A. D. Coleridge Eton in Forties 401 Okes was conscious of a difficulty in divesting himself of a schoolmaster manner. 1898Academy 5 Nov. 189/1 Thring was the most original and striking figure in the schoolmaster world of his time.
b. Special Comb.: schoolmaster studentship, in Oxford colleges, a studentship tenable by schoolmasters; hence schoolmaster student.
1957Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 20 June 1142/1 Balliol College Elections. To Schoolmaster Studentships. For Michaelmas Term. 1978Times Educ. Suppl. 3 Feb. 68/3 (Advt.), Merton and St. Peter's Colleges Schoolmaster Studentships 1978/79... The two colleges above intend to elect four schoolmaster students between them.
Hence (nonce-wds.) ˈschoolmasterhood, the state or condition of a schoolmaster. ˈschoolmasterism, the action of a schoolmaster. ˈschoolmastery a. = schoolmasterish a.
1861E. Steere in Mem. (1888) 400 Dry schoolmasterism is a dreary thing, but dry formal office-saying and Bible-reading is a great deal worse. 1887Spectator 29 Oct. 1452 With no more knowledge of actual schoolmasterhood than such as he had gained in organising the squire's school. 1928Observer (Apr. 7) In the earlier days the Staff College did not justify the expectations founded on it. It was unreal, academic, and ‘schoolmastery’. 1942J. Lees-Milne Ancestral Voices (1975) 17 What an unattractive, schoolmastery fellow.
▪ II. ˈschoolmaster, n.2
[f. school n.2, after schoolmaster n.1]
The leader of a ‘school’ of fishes, etc.; esp. a bull whale.
1839Beale Sperm Whale 178 The old ‘schoolmaster’ had outwitted those in the boats. 1848Chamb. Inform. People I. 692/1 The sailors call a herd [of whales] a ‘school’, and the old bulls the ‘schoolmasters’. 1851H. Newland The Erne 181 Your honour might have landed a school⁓master [i.e. salmon] with it ten minutes afterwards. 1851H. Melville Whale III. ii. 25 Now, as the harem of whales is called by the fisherman a school, so is the lord and master of that school technically known as the schoolmaster.
▪ III. ˈschoolmaster, v.
[f. schoolmaster n.1]
1. trans. To govern, regulate, or command in the manner of a schoolmaster. rare.
1850J. Oxenford tr. Eckermann's Conversations of Goethe I. 377 [Schlegel] is permitted, upon such high authority, to fall foul of this mighty ancient [sc. Euripides], and to schoolmaster him as much as he can. 1891Chamb. Encycl. VII. 611 Opitz, originally a schoolmaster, schoolmastered poetry into lifeless imitation of pseudo-classical models. 1893G. B. Shaw in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 279 He [Gladstone] so towers above them..that he is able to schoolmaster them into grudging submission.
2. intr. To be a schoolmaster. rare.
1908Daily Chron. 18 June 4/6 Carlyle and Edward Irving, who schoolmastered together in the same Kirkcaldy Academy for a couple of years. 1966Listener 5 May 659/2 Nicholas Urfe is schoolmastering on a Greek island, seeking escape from..an oppressive love affair. 1977Times 15 Nov. 14/6 Mr Rogers..schoolmastered for a time. |