| 释义 |
schizophrenia Psychol.|skɪtsəʊˈfriːnɪə, skɪdz-|
[ad. G. schizophrenie (E. Bleuler 1910, in Psychiatrisch-Neurol. Wochenschr. XII. 171), f. Gr. ϕρήν mind: see schizo- and -ia1.]
A mental disorder occurring in various forms, all characterized by a breakdown in the relation between thoughts, feelings, and actions, usu. with a withdrawal from social activity and the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations.
Used in the U.S. with a broader meaning than in Britain (cf. quots. 1979, 1980).
The pronunc. |skɪts-|, i.e. with short |ɪ| and with |ts|, is prob. influenced by the Ger. pronunc. |sçɪts-|.
1912Lancet 21 Dec. 1730/1 This little volume is a translation of a series of articles by Professor Bleuler which appeared..during 1910 and 1911, in which he advances a theory of the negativism so frequently met with in dementia praecox or schizophrenia. 1925J. Riviere tr. Freud's Unconscious in Collected Papers IV. 129 In schizophrenia a great deal is consciously expressed which in the transference neuroses can be demonstrated to exist in the Ucs only by means of psycho-analysis. 1944E. A. Strecker Fund. Psychiatry vii. 123 In spite of the fact that schizophrenia and manic-depressive are divergent and alien to each other in psychopathology, there are clinical situations in which the differential diagnosis is difficult. 1945W. S. Sadler Mod. Psychiatry xxxix. 464 Among the trends of schizophrenia is the persistent tendency to shun reality. 1958M. Argyle Relig. Behaviour ix. 107 By the psychoses we mean the clinical conditions of schizophrenia, mania and depression, paranoia, epilepsy, together with certain organic states. 1964Internat. Psychiatry Clinics I. 743 While many of these cases can be grouped into the classic forms of schizophrenia, such as simple, catatonic, hebephrenic, or paranoid, others cannot be so classified and will, therefore, be diagnosed as mixed or undifferentiated types of schizophrenia. 1979Internat. Rehabilit. Med. I. 79/1 It was found that hospital psychiatrists in New York included under ‘schizophrenia’ part of what British hospital psychiatrists diagnosed as mania, psychotic depression, and personality disorder. 1980J. Ashton Everyday Psychiatry v. 33 His [sc. Bleuler's] use of the word in a wide sense has influenced the practice of Swiss and American psychiatry to the present day, so that ‘American schizophrenia’ ranges from apparently minor personality disorders with a range of emotional reactions, through to the major deterioration of personality that is recognized as schizophrenia by British psychiatrists.
b. transf. and fig.
1933T. S. Eliot Use of Poetry & Use of Criticism v. 99 For a poet to be also a philosopher he would have to be virtually two men; I cannot think of any example of this thorough schizophrenia, nor can I see anything to be gained by it. 1945‘G. Orwell’ in Polemic i. 40 Some nationalists are not far from schizophrenia, living quite happily amid dreams of power and conquest which have no connection with the physical world. 1949Here & Now (N.Z.) Oct. 32/2 There are few alien hills in Mr Witheford's poems and he is not preoccupied with cultural schizophrenia. 1958Listener 9 Oct. 557/1 They admire big dams and high buildings..and the contrast these afford to the familiar buildings... It may occur to you that the character of our environment is likely to be split in two by this schizophrenia. 1969Daily Tel. 6 Oct. 9/5 Bristol's Little Theatre illustrates the same provincial schizophrenia, with the farce ‘One for the Pot’ next in the bill after Ibsen's ‘Master Builder’. |