| 释义 |
schizo-|ˈskaɪzəʊ, skaɪˈzɒ, ˈskɪtsəʊ, skɪtˈsɒ, -ɪdz-|
1. irreg. representing Gr. σχίζειν to split, combining with other words of Greek origin in various scientific terms. ˈschizocarp |-kɑːp| Bot. [Gr. καρπός fruit], a term applied to dry fruits which break up into two or more one-seeded mericarps without dehiscing. Hence schizoˈcarpic, schizoˈcarpous adjs., ‘resembling or belonging to a schizocarp’ (Cent. Dict. 1891). schizoˈchroal a. Palæont. [Gr. χρώς skin], applied to certain trilobite eyes in which the cornea is divided to form several discrete lenses. ˈschizocœle |-siːl| Zool. [Gr. κοῖλον a hollow], a perivisceral cavity formed by a splitting of the mesoblast. Hence schizocœlic, schizoˈcœlous adjs. ˈschizocœly |-siːlɪ| Zool., schizocœlic mode of formation (of a cœlom). schizoˈdinic a. Zool. [Gr. ὠδῖνες birth-pains + -ic], belonging to a group of Mollusca, in which a temporary rupture of the body-wall takes place for the extrusion of the genital products. ‖ ˈSchizodon Zool. [mod.L.; Gr. ὀδοντ- tooth], a genus of rodents, distinguished by having a molar with single internal and external folds, which meet in the middle of the tooth. ‖ schizoˈgenesis Biol. [mod.L. (Haeckel, 1866); Gr. γένεσις reproduction], fissiparous generation. schizogeˈnetic a. Bot. [-genetic] = schizogenic; hence schizogeˈnetically adv. schizogenic |-ˈdʒɛnɪk| a. Bot. [-gen 2 + -ic], formed by cleavage; applied to cavities formed by the splitting of the common wall of contiguous cells. schizogenous |-ˈɒdʒɪnəs| a. Bot. [-gen 2 + -ous] = schizogenic. schizognathism |-ˈɒgnəθɪz(ə)m| Ornith. [Gr. γνάθ-ος jaw + -ism], a condition in which the bony palate is cleft from the posterior nares to the end of the beak; hence schiˈzognathous a., having a cleft palate. schizogony |-ˈɒgənɪ| Zool. [ad. mod.L. schizogonia (Haeckel); Gr. -γονία reproduction] = schizogenesis; hence schizoˈgonic a., pertaining to schizogony; spec. schizogonic cycle, the second of the two stages in the life-history of a Coccidian. ‖ schizomycetes |-maɪˈsiːtiːz| n. pl. Biol. [see mycetes], a group of microscopic, rod-like, unicellular organisms, multiplying by fission, variously known as bacteria, microbes, etc.; rarely in sing. schizomycete; hence schizomyˈcetic, -myˈcetous adjs. ˈschizophyte |-faɪt| Biol. [-phyte], a microscopic organism multiplying by fission, akin to Schizomycetes. ˈschizopod |-pɒd| Zool., a member of the ‖ schiˈzopoda n. pl. [Gr. ποδ- foot], a sub-order of crustaceans, named from the apparent splitting of the thoracic limbs produced by the great development of the exopodites; hence schiˈzopodous a. schizoˈrhinal a. Ornith. [Gr. ῥίν-, ῥίς nose], having each nasal bone deeply cleft or forked. schizoˈthecal a. Ornith. [Gr. θήκη a case], having the podotheca divided by scutellation or reticulation.
1870Henfrey's Bot. §247 In such a case the term *schizocarp is employed to designate the whole fruit.
1905Balfour tr. Goebel's Organogr. Plants ii. 160 Andreaea..is an exception, and its sporogonia are *schizocarpous, for no lid is produced.
1889J. M. Clarke in Jrnl. Morphol. II. 254 The character of the visual area in the trilobites is twofold; (a) it may be covered by a smooth, continuous epithelial film or cornea, through which the lenses of the ommatidia are visible by translucence, and (b) the cornea may be transected by the protrusion of the sclera and limited to the surfaces of the ommatidia... The first group may be designated by the term Holochroal; the second group by the term *Schizochroal. Ibid. 266 The schizochroal eyes of the Trilobites are aggregated and not properly compound eyes. 1976Nature 13 May 130/1 Trilobites of the suborder Phacopina had schizochroal eyes, in which comparatively few large separate lenses are distributed over the eye surface.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. i. 51 That form of perivisceral cavity which I have termed a *schizocœle. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life Introd. 30 The well-known term schizocoele may be retained for them [the coelomic cavities of Vertebrata].
1900Lankester's Treat. Zool. iii. 26 Formerly the system was supposed to develop as a cleft in the mesenchyme, and therefore was called the ‘*schizocoelic system’.
1875Huxley in Encycl. Brit. II. 53/1 In the Lamellibranchiata and Odontophora, there is every reason to believe that the perivisceral cavity is formed by splitting of the mesoblast, or that they are *schizocœlous.
1962D. Nichols Echinoderms i. 14 A coelom..can arise as a split in the mesoderm (*schizocoely) or as an outgrowth of the gut cavity or enteron (enterocoely). 1978Nature 4 May 23/2 In this context, the mode of formation of the coelom (enterocoely, schizocoely, gonocoely) is of secondary importance.
1883E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 682/1 Cœlomate animals are, according to this nomenclature, either *Schizodinic or Porodinic.
1848Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mammalia II. 265 Schizodon fuscus. The Brown *Schizodon.
1891Century Dict., *Schizogenesis.., fission as a mode of reproduction; generation by fission.
1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 213 To the first, *schizogenetic, category belong the larger air-spaces in stem, roots, and leaves of many marsh and water-plants.
Ibid. 209 The reservoirs arise *schizogenetically.
1885G. L. Goodale Physiol. Bot. 99 note, The first mode of development of intercellular spaces has been termed *schizogenic.
1883Athenæum 29 Dec. 870/3 [Mr. J. R. Green concludes] that, at least in some species [of Hypericaceæ], there is also a series of *schizogenous ducts.
1884Coues Key N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 170 *Schizognathism is the kind of ‘cleft palate’ shown by the columbine and gallinaceous birds.
1872Coues Key N. Amer. Birds 229 The palate is *schizognathous.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 816/1 The *schizogonic cycle..occurs in human blood, giving rise to malarial fever.
1887Hubrecht in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. Mar. 613 *Schizogony having once been established, it must have been further beneficial to the species.
1880A. Flint Princ. Med. 96 The living organisms to which the advocates of the germ theory attribute the causation of the infectious diseases, are embraced under the name *schizomycetes.
1898Salter tr. Lafar's Techn. Mycol. I. title, *Schizomycetic Fermentation.
1902Cassell's Encycl. Dict. Suppl., *Schizomycetous.
1880Libr. Univ. Knowl. (N.Y.) XII. 229 *Schizophyte, a microscopic organism belonging to Cohn's order schizoporeae, and allied to bacteria..regarded as a variety of bacillus. 1887Garnsey & Balfour tr. De Bary's Bacteria 37 This group has received the name of Fission-plants or Schizophytes.
1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 422 note, The *Schizopoda..have been found to be more nearly allied to the order Stomapoda.
1842Brande Dict. Sci. etc., *Schizopods. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vi. 348 This may be termed the Schizopod stage.
1858Mayne Expos. Lex., Schizopodus, applied..to a tribe of the Crustaceæ..the feet of which are deeply divided into slender branches: *schizopodous. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vi. 367 The Schizopodous Podophthalmia.
1884Coues Key N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 165 In the Columbidæ,..the nasal bones are *schizorhinal. 1896Newton Dict. Birds Introd. 91 Herein he [Garrod] strove to prove that Birds ought to be divided into two Subclasses—one, called Holorhinal,..and the other, called Schizorhinal.
1884Coues Key N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 125 Such a podotheca is holothecal... The generic opposite is *schizothecal.
2. Psychol. With pronunc. |skɪtsəʊ, skɪdzəʊ|. Used to repr. schizophrenia, as in schizoˈtaxia [Gr. τάξις order, arrangement], a genetically determined defect in the functioning of the nervous system which has been suggested as predisposing to schizophrenia; hence schizoˈtaxic a. and n.; ˈschizothyme n. and a. [Gr. θυµός mind, temper], (characteristic of) a person who is introverted and imaginative, and so regarded as tending to schizophrenia rather than to manic-depressive illness; hence schizoˈthymic a.; also schizoˈthymia, schizothymic constitution or temperament; ˈschizotype, a personality type in which schizophrenia is potentially or actually present; hence schizoˈtypal, -ˈtypic adjs.; ˈschizotypy.
1962P. Meehl in Amer. Psychologist XVII. 830/1 This neural integrative defect, which I shall christen schizotaxia, is all that can properly be spoken of as inherited. Ibid., The imposition of a social learning history upon schizotaxic individuals. Ibid. 831/1 All schizotaxics become, on all.. existing social learning regimes, schizotypic in personality organization. 1966I. B. Weiner Psychodiagnosis in Schizophrenia i. 7 Persons with schizotaxia acquire a personality organization called schizotypy that is characterized by four core behavior traits... These schizotypic traits are universally learned by all schizotaxic persons... Whereas most schizotypes remain compensated, those who are confronted with certain causal environmental influences..are likely to decompensate into clinical schizophrenia. 1974S. Arieti Interpretation of Schizophrenia (ed. 2) xlv. 697 A minority of schizotaxics..are ‘potentiated into clinical schizophrenia’. Ibid., Schizotaxia is a necessary but not sufficient condition in the etiology of schizophrenia.
1925,1932Schizothyme [see cyclothyme adj. and n. s.v. cyclo-]. 1936A. Huxley Eyeless in Gaza viii. 87 ‘What a lot of ribs you've got!’ she said at last. ‘Schizothyme physique,’ he answered. 1952H. Read Philos. Mod. Art iv. 84 If in the end we describe..Michelangelo as a typical ‘schizothyme’, the common reader is not much the wiser. 1964I. M. Smith Spatial Ability vii. 229 He found the creative significantly more schizothyme, self-sufficient, withdrawn, sophisticated, desurgent and radical. 1972Encycl. Psychol. III. 180/1 The schizothyme is characterized by..‘a conscious contrast between the ego and the outside world’, ‘a touchy or indifferent withdrawal from the mass of his fellow men’, the predominance of ‘dreams, ideas or principles’.
1940H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood iv. ii. 335 Schizothymia, the psychoanalysts would have called this sort of dreaming. 1964I. M. Smith Spatial Ability ix. 287 The hyperactivity.., nervousness and anxiety seem..more closely related to introversion or schizothymia than to extraversion.
1925W. J. H. Sprott tr. Kretschmer's Physique & Char. xiii. 223 The group of wits..ironists and satirists whose nature is indicated by the names, Heine, Voltaire,..Nietzsche. This group belongs quite decidedly to the schizothymic side. 1951Mind LX. 287 The ethical question is not whether one should be cyclothymic like Goering or schizothymic like Himmler in one's destructiveness; rather it is whether one should be destructive at all, and, if so, towards what. 1961Lancet 23 Sept. 712/1 Hereditary factors were more important for excitability, the cyclothymic–schizothymic scale, and super-ego strength.
1953S. Rado in Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry CX. 409/2 In this sense the patient suffering from an open schizophrenic psychosis is a schizophrenic phenotype, engendered by a schizophrenic genotype in its interaction with the environment... For psychodynamic purposes I shall abbreviate the term schizophrenic phenotype to schizotype. Ibid. 410/1 The ensemble of psychodynamic traits peculiar to the schizotypes may be called schizotypal organization. 1962,1966Schizotypic, -typy [see schizotaxia above]. 1962Amer. Psychologist XVII. 830/2 The most important research need here is development of high⁓validity indicators for compensated schizotypy. 1965G. E. Daniels et al. New Perspectives in Psychoanal. 109 Variants of the schizophrenic disorders like—schizoid personality, schizotypal,..and pseudo-neurotic schizophrenia. 1974S. Arieti Interpretation of Schizophrenia (ed. 2) xlv. 697 All schizotaxics become schizotypic in personality organization, but most of them do not decompensate and never develop a psychosis. 1978P. O'Brien Disordered Mind iv. 75 Such syndromes are now officially classified as Schizotypal Personality Disorders. |