| 释义 |
▪ I. scarp, n.1 Her.|skɑːp|
Also scarpe.
[a. ONF. escarpe = Central OF. escharpe (mod.F. écharpe), lit. sash: see scarf n.]
A diminutive of the bend sinister, one-half its width, crossing the shield diagonally from the sinister chief to the dexter base. (Cf. scarf n.1 5 a.)
1562Legh Armory (1597) 64 b, Knowe that this [bende sinyster] conteineth as much in breadth as a dexter bende doth. The halfe whereof is called a Scarpe, and no bastard's mark, neither may it be charged with any thing. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry ii. v. (1611) 52. 1780 Edmondson Her. II. Gloss. s.v. Scarpe, In blazon, it should be named Scarp, without mentioning the word sinister. The French call it a Bar. 1868Cussans Her. (ed. 4) 58.
▪ II. scarp, n.2|skɑːp|
Also 6–7 scarpe; and see scarf n.3
[ad. It. scarpa, whence F. escarpe escarp.]
1. Fortif. = escarp n. 1.
1589P. Ive Pract. Fortif. 10 The scarpe that the Curtin will make may bee some 28. foote, or more or lesse. 1654Cokaine Dianea iv. 280 On the top they [the walls] are made after the fashion of a scarpe. 1709Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) VI. 471 The enemy..lye 2 leagues off behind the scarp. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. III. xiii. 199 The left extended to a scarp surmounted by an abattis.
†b. The total pitch or ‘batter’ of a bank. Obs.
1639R. Norwood Fortif. 113 If the ditch be dry it must be the deeper, and have the lesse scarpe. 1669Staynred Fortif. 7 The Inward Scarp of the Parapet... The outward Scarp of the Rampire... The Scarp of the Ditch.
2. The steep face of a hill; = escarp n. 2.
1802Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 410 The scarps of the hills face indiscriminately all points of the compass. 1901H. Trench Deirdre Wed 32 Far up, where darkling copses over-grow Scarps of the gray cliff from his river'd base.
▪ III. scarp, v.1|skɑːp|
[f. scarp n.2]
trans. To cut to a steep face, to slope; also to scarp away, scarp down; = escarp v.
1803Wellington Let. in Gurw. Desp. (1837) II. 584 The rock is scarped on each side. 1807G. Chalmers Caledonia I. i. iv. 157 The top of the bank..was artfully scarped away, to augment the strength of the defences. 1829Scott Anne of G. iii, The elevation of the site..was on this side a steep eminence, which had been scarped like a modern glacis, to render the building more secure. 1865Geikie Scen. & Geol. Scot. iii. 66 The result has been..to scarp the coasts of the Shetlands into the most rugged and fantastic cliffs. 1894Wolseley Marlborough II. 173 The rock on which this fort stands was scarped towards the city. 1905R. Haggard in Windsor Mag. Jan. 244 The rock upon one side of it had often been scarped by the hand of man.
Hence scarped ppl. a., reduced to a steep face, laid bare, cut away, steep.
1823Treat. Field Fortif. 26 When the earth scarped off is used to encrease the height, the original surface should be cut [etc.]. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. v. vi, Redoubts are carried, and Passes and Heights of the most scarped description. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lvi, ‘So careful of the type?’ but no. From scarped cliff and quarried stone She cries ‘a thousand types are gone: I care for nothing, all shall go’. 1877L. Morris Epic of Hades ii. 102 Once the waters Broke louder on the scarped reefs.
▪ IV. scarp, v.2 Agric.|skɑːp|
[Of obscure origin; possibly the same word as prec.]
intr. Of land: To be torn up irregularly.
1843Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 563 The land is not liable to scarp, as after the common roller. 1866Blackmore Cradock Nowell xi, His mighty forehead would scarp and chine like the headland when the plough turns. |