| 释义 |
bowsprit|ˈbəʊsprɪt|
Forms: α. 4 bouspret, 6 boespritte, 7– bowsprit; β. 6–7 boresprit, 7 borespritt, boar-spright; γ. 6 boltspreet, 7 boultspret, 7–9 boltsprit; δ. 7 boldspreet; ε. 7 bole-sprit, bowle-, boulspret, boule spret, -sprit.
[Found in all the mod. Teut. langs.: Du. boegspriet, LG. bogspret, Ger. bug-, bogspriet (from LG. or Du.), Sw. bogspröt, Da. bogspryd; in all connected with the ship's bow, and with a word, in OE. spréot pole (ME. spret, spreet), Du. spriet spear, javelin, Sw. spröt insect's feeler. Cf. also OHG. spriuzan, MHG. spriuzen to prop. The origin seems to lie between LG., Du., and English: in the latter spréot was itself used in a nautical sense in OE. and ME. (see sprit). But against the compound bow-sprit being of English rise, are the late appearance of bow in the language, and the numerous perverted forms with bore, boar, bolt, bold, bole, bowle, which seem to show that the connexion with bow was not evident to English sailors, either in sense or pronunciation. (Quotations for the word are very rare before 1590.)]
1. A large spar or boom running out from the stem of a vessel, to which (and the jib-boom and flying jib-boom, which extend beyond it) the foremast stays are fastened.
αc1330R. Brunne Chron. (K.O.) Bouspret. a1500Chester Pl. (MS. 1592) i. (1843) 48 With toppe-castill and boe-spritte. 1634Brereton Trav. I. 169 The bow-sprit or sprit-sail [mast] which stands sloping even over the beak-head. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 833 Their Bowsprits armed with Iron. 1805in Nicolas Disp. Nelson VII. 189 note, Found the bowsprit badly wounded, and bowsprit-shrouds shot away. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 56/2 By the water side, where the bowsprits of ships stretch across the footway. 1875‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports ii. viii. i. §3 The forward rig also changed, from the bumpkin bowsprit and one head sail, to a long running bowsprit and full-sized flat jib.
β1594W. Phillips Linschoten's Trav. in Arb. Garner III. 428 Our boresprit touched the shore. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 200 On the Top-mast, The Yards and Borespritt, would I flame distinctly. a1623tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iii. (1688) 413 Brake her Fore mast or Boresprit. 1655Heywood Fortune by Land. iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 416 Our Mainsail, Boar-spright, and our Mizen.
γ1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Cevadera, the saile of the boltspreet. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 125 The yce..touched their boltsprit. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram., Boultspret Ladder..made fast ouer the Boulspret to get vpon it. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1869) 294 She had lost her Maintop-mast, Fore-mast and Boltsprit. 1815Scott Ld. of Isles i. xiv. 12 Her boltsprit kissed the broken waves.
δ1652Proc. Parliament No. 170 Putting out the Parliaments Jack on the Boldspreet end, and the English Ensign on the Poop.
ε1617Minsheu Sp. Dict., Bauprez..the bole-sprit of a ship. 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 15 The fore mast, misen and bowlespret..the boulespret hath no bow lines. 1634Sir. T. Herbert Trav. 182 Her bole-sprit broke our mizen shroudes. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 120 From the extremity of the Boulsprit to the Lanthorn.
†2. fig. The human nose. humorous. Obs.
1690Shadwell Am. Bigot v. Wks. 1720 IV. 295 Thy..nose, that bolt-sprit of thy face. 1691― Scowrers v, They do not consider the tenderness of my bolt-sprit. |