| 释义 |
▪ I. scapular, n.|ˈskæpjʊlə(r)|
Forms: 5 scapelar, scapulare, 6 scap(e)ler, -uler, -iller, -ellar, skappler, 7, 9 scapulaire, 7 -air, 6– scapular.
[ad. med.L. scapulāre (whence It. scapulare), f. scapula shoulder; for the formation cf. L. collāre collar n. and -ar. For the earlier forms in Eng. (and for F. scapulaire, whence some of the forms above), see scapulary n. (In senses 3 and 4 properly a distinct word, subst. use of scapular a.)]
1. Eccl.
a. A short cloak covering the shoulders; prescribed by the Rule of St. Benedict to be worn by monks when engaged in manual labour, and adopted by certain religious orders as a part of their ordinary costume.
In later times often confounded with the cowl.
[c960æthelwold Rule St. Benet (Schröer 1885) 89 Hæbban hy eac mid to wyrcenne scapulare, þæt is ᵹehwæde cuᵹelan and slyflease.] 1483Cath. Angl. 321/1 Scapulare. 1499Promp. Parv. (Pynson) O iij, Scapelar. 1509Barclay Ship of Fools (1874) II. 324 Hange vp the scapler: the amys cowle and frocke Or other habyte of eche relygyon Vpon a tre clene dede or rottyn stocke. 1546Langley tr. Pol. Verg. de Invent. vii. iii. 134 The Chanons Clothyng was a white Cote, and a linnen rochet under a blacke Cope, with a Scapuler to couer their hed and shoulders. 1547Injunct. Visitors Windsor ii, in Wordsw. Tracts of Clem. Maydeston 234 note, Wee require you..that all Prebendaries..doe surcease from useing or wairing any blacke cope or Scapuler of Cloath above their surplises. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxii. 129 The Chaem was apparelled in a long Gown of violet Satin,..with a kind of Scapulair about his neck. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 297 We Housed ourselves Cap-a-pee under Felts,..with a Scapular to pull over our Heads and Face. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles vi. ii, The rule that bid thee wear Dim veil and woollen scapulaire. 1908Blackw. Mag. Dec. 808/1 His hands were clasped under his white scapular.
b. An article of devotion composed of two small squares of woollen cloth, fastened together by strings passing over the shoulders, worn as a badge of affiliation to the religious order which presents it.
1870Daily News 5 Sept. 6 The old lady was working a scapular for a second youth who had gone to the front. 1884Catholic Dict. (1897) 821/2 There are four other scapulars [besides that of the Carmelites] used in the Church: that of the Trinity, of white linen with a red cross, given by the Trinitarians..; the Servite scapular of the Seven Dolours..; that of the Immaculate Conception..given by the Theatines..; the red scapular of the Passion..given by the Vincentian Fathers.
attrib.1854Faber Growth in Holiness xv. (1872) 282 World-wide devotions as the rosary, and scapular-prayers.
†c. One who wears a scapular. Obs. rare—1.
a1550Image Ipocr. iv. 211 in Skelton's Wks. II. 441/2 Some be Vitlers, Some be Scapelers, And some Cubiculers.
†2. Surg. A bandage passing over and around the shoulders to support other bandages, etc. upon the lower parts of the body. Obs.
1754–64Smellie Midwifery I. 161 Sometimes a bandage applied round the lower part of the belly, and supported with the Scapular is of singular service. 1758J. S. tr. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 109 Compresses, which were secured by a Napkin round the Body and the Scapular.
3. Ornith. [Elliptical for scapular feather: see scapular a. 2.] Any feather which grows from the pterylæ humerales or scapular region.
1768Pennant Brit. Zool. (1776) II. 440 The back, coverts of the wings, and scapulars, are black. 1884J. H. Gurney Diurnal Birds Prey 151 In No. 1 the scapulars had become slightly paler.
4. Ent. (See quots.)
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 378 Scapularia (the Scapulars). Two pieces, one on each side the Medipectus, which succeed the Peristethium, and lie between the mid⁓legs and the Pteropega, or wing-socket. Ibid. IV. 494 The South American species (Goliath micans, &c.) have not this projection of the scapulars.
▪ II. scapular, a.|ˈskæpjʊlə(r)|
[ad. mod.L. scapulāris, f. L. scapula: see scapula and -ar. Cf. scapulary a.]
1. Of or pertaining to the scapula.
1713Derham Phys.-Theol. v. ii. (1727) 286 The Viscera of the Belly counterpois'd with the Weight of the scapular Part, and that useful Cushion of Flesh behind. 1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 438/1 The scapular region is some⁓times the seat of furuncular inflammation. 1848Quain's Elem. Anat. (ed. 5) I. 517 The scapular arteries. 1880Günther Fishes 59 The scapular or humeral arch is suspended from the skull by the post-temporal.
2. Ornith. Applied to any feather which grows upon the pterylæ humerales.
1688Holme Armoury ii. 264/2 The Craker, or Sea-Pheasant..the scapular feathers are black. 1768Pennant Brit. Zool. (1776) II. 435 The scapular feathers black and white. 1872Coues Key N. Amer. Birds 16 The scapular feathers or scapulars.
3. Ent. Pertaining to the scapular in insects; see scapular n. 4.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 379 Spiracula Scapularia (the Scapular Spiracles). Two spiracles observable, one in each scapular, in Acrida laurifolia, &c.
4. In names of birds: scapular crow = scapulated raven (Corvus scapulatus); scapular wagtail (see quot.).
1823J. Latham Gen. Hist. Birds VI. 336 Scapular Wag⁓tail. Jora scapularis. |