| 释义 |
▪ I. † bout, n.1 Obs.
Some part of a woman's head-dress.
a1300Songs Costume (1849) 42 The bout and the barbet wyth frountel shule feȝe.
▪ II. bout, n.2|baʊt|
Also 6 bowt, 9 dial. boot.
[App. a specialized sense of bought n.1 ‘bending’ (which in 16th c. was also spelt bout), perhaps influenced by association with bout adv.2 ‘about’.]
†1.
a. A circuit, an orbit; a roundabout way. Obs.
a1541Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 152 The seuenth heauen..In nine and twenty yeres complete and daies almost sixtene Doth carry in his bowt, the star of Saturn old. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. (1641) 18/1 Which in thy wide bout, boundlesse all dost bound. a1655T. Adams Wks. 1861–2 II. 14 (D.), I love not to fetch any bouts where there is a nearer way.
b. The going and returning of the plough along two adjacent furrows: also attrib.
1601Holland Pliny xviii. xviii, They make not past two or three bouts in a land, and as many ridges. 1812Strickland Agric. E. Yorksh. 159 Ridging up the land into two-bout ridges. 1840Jrnl. Eng. Agric. Soc. I. iii. 261 Ridges..each consisting of 2 furrows up and 2 down, or 2 bouts, as they are called.
2. a. A ‘round’ at any kind of exercise, a turn or spell of work; as much of an action as is performed at one time.
1575Turberv. Bk. Venerie 135 If he doe it not at three boutes it is also a forfeyture. 1617Hieron Wks. (1620) II. 236 To set vpon some course of godlinesse for a bout or two. 1650Fuller Pisgah iii. v. 328 They had..another bout in the same service. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Wheat, With a broad Cast, which some do with a single Cast, and some with a double Bout, that is, to sow it twice in a place. 1819Wordsw. Waggoner ii. 96 When every dance is done, When every whirling bout is o'er. 1879F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 121 [We] had long contemplated a shooting bout together.
b. this bout, that bout: i.e. occasion, turn, time.
1660H. More Myst. Godl. v. xv. 177 He..may well sustain the person of the Seventh for this bout. 1692R. Lestrange Josephus' Wars vii. v. (1733) 766 The Romans did not find the Enemy asleep this Bout. 1712Steele Spect. No. 326 ⁋5 The Upholsterer was called, and her Longing sav'd that bout. 1845Disraeli Sybil 295 The Lancashire lads will not come to harm this bout.
3. a. A round at fighting; a contest, match, trial of strength, physical or intellectual.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 56 Damsell, Ile haue a bowt with you againe. 1609Rowlands Whole Crew, &c. 8 Some⁓times at the fist we haue a bout. 1726Amherst Terræ Fil. xliv. 233 A bout at cudgels. 1749Fielding Tom Jones vii. viii, The two maids..began a second bout at altercation. 1826Scott Woodst. (1832) 186 If there was a bout at single-stick. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 634 At Corinth he had doubtless witnessed those wrestling bouts.
b. Used of a continued fit of drinking.
1670Maynwaring Vita Sana vi. 78 Those drunken bouts being repeated..lay the foundation of many chronick diseases. 1715Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 164 Only fit to be concluded after a drunken bout. 1842Park Mar. Insur. II. 943 To indulge in fits or bouts of drinking.
c. A fit or turn of illness, as ‘a severe bout of influenza’. dial.
†4. A term used to express a certain quantity of lead ore. (See quot.) ? Obs.
1747Hooson Miner's Dict. v, When they have done measuring they account the whole to be so many Bouts, as suppose 24 Bouts and one half, that's sixty-four Loads; the short Bout is used where lesser quantities are raised, and the whole groove not divided into such small Parts.
5. The inward curve of a rib in a violin or similar instrument, by which the waist is formed.
1889Cent. Dict. 1893Fiddler's Handbk. 4 Bouts,..the sides of the fiddle, divided into the lower, middle, and upper bouts. 1898H. R. Haweis Old Violins iii. 35 The curve of the bouts tilted, contracted, or elongated. Ibid. 38 Observe the improved purfling, the bouts and mitres cut with clear intention.
▪ III. † bout, adv.1 and prep.1 Obs. or dial.
Forms: 1 be-útan, bútan, -on, búta, búte, 2–3 bute(n, 3 bouten, 3–6 boute, (5 bowte), 5–6 (7) bout.
[ME. boute, bouten, early ME. būte(n:—OE. bútan (búta, búte) adv., prep., conj.: orig. be-útan adv. and prep. ‘without’, L. extra; a WGer. compound (= OS. bi-ûtan, bûtan, OHG. bi-ûȥan, MG. bûȥen) f. bi prep. ‘by, with’ + ûtan, earlier ûtana (OHG. ûȥana, ûȥan, OS., OE. ûtan), Gothic ûtana, orig. ‘from without’, ἔξωθεν, later simply ‘without’, ἔξω; f. ût out + -ana suffix with force of ‘from’. Originally an adverb, but already in Gothic construed with a genitive = ‘outside of’, and in WGer. also with dative; in OE. with dat. and acc. The OE. bútan split up into two forms in ME.: first, as prep. and adv., this strong form bútan, būte(n, boute(n, bout (cf. out), which became obs. before 1600, its sense being continued by without; secondly, as adv. and conj., a weakened form, bŭta(n, bŭte(n, but, which still continues. As bout became obs., but acquired some quasi-prepositional uses; in northern dialect, and esp. in Scotch, but (bot) had even in 14th c. the senses of ME. bout, and still partly retains them. See but.]
A. adv. Outside, without; out.
a890O.E. Chron. an. 867 Wæl ᵹeslæᵹen, sume binnan sume butan. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark xiv. 68 [Petrus] eode buta. Ibid. John xviii. 16 Petrus uutudlice ᵹestod..to duru..ute vel bute vel fore. c1205Lay. 3748 Scholde a quene beon king in þisse londe, & heora sunen beon bute [c 1275 boute]. c1315Shoreham 40 The signe hiis that hys boute y-do, That thynge hys grace bynne. [hys = is.]
B. prep.
1. Outside of, without.
a. of position (with dat.).
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 1354 (Gr.) Be-utan earce bordum. c1000ælfric Lev. iv. 21 Butan ðære wic-stowe. a1120O.E. Chron. (Laud. MS.) an. 1116 æᵹðer ᵹe binnan burᵹan and butan.
b. of motion (with acc.).
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark v. 10 Þætte hine ne fordrife buta ðæt lond. c1000Ags. G. Mark viii. 23 He..lædde hine butan þa wic. c1160Hatton G. ibid., Buton þa wic.
2. Without, apart from, not having, void of: esp. in phrase bouten ende. (Obs. in Eng. before 1500, but retained in Sc. in form bot, but, q.v.)
894O.E. Chron., Hie fluᵹon ofer Temese buton ælcum forda. 971Blickl. Hom. 33 Eal his lif he lifde buton synnum. c1175Lamb. Hom. 43 Deor, summe feðer foted, summe al bute fet. c1200Ormin Introd. 21 To ben a butenn ende þær. c1205Lay. 23676 Arthur fehten wolde..butene cnihte [c 1275 boute eni cniht]. c1300Land Cokaygne 21 in E.E.P. (1862) 157, I sigge for soþ, boute were. Þer n'is lond on erthe is pere. c1305St. Dunstan 184 ibid. 39 Hi schulle wone And kynges beo bouten ende. c1350Will Palerne 567 As schip boute mast. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy i. vi, Bout makyng of delay. a1500Chester Pl. (1847) II. 55 This cote boute seame To breake it were shame. [1631A. Craig Pilgrim & H. 6 Tumbling teares bout cease.]
b. absol. with obj. not expressed: Without.
a1225Ancr. R. 418 Stamin habbe hwose wule? and hwose wule mei beon buten. c1400Trentalle in Epiph. (Turnb. 1843) 80 The ton have ende that other is bowte. 1674Ray N.C. Wds. 7 To be bout as Barrow was, i.e. to be without.
3. Except, beyond, more than: see but.
c890K. ælfred Bæda iii. xxiii. §4 Butan anum cnihte. c1320Sir Beues 53 He nas boute seue winter olde.
▪ IV. bout, adv.2 and prep.2|baʊt|
In 3 bute(n, bot, 6 bout, 7– 'bout.
[ME. bute(n, aphet. form of abute(n, as, in later times, 'bout of about.]
A. prep. In various senses of about. (Not in literary prose.)
c1250Gen. & Ex. 566 Ðor buten Noe long swing [MS. swinc] he dreȝ. a1300Cursor M. 14106 Bise ert þou bot [v.r. a-bute] mani dede. Ibid. 21695 Quen strijf was bute þe preisthede. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. x. lvii. 250 An Agnus Dei bout her neeke, a crost-Christ in her hand. 1622Massinger Old Law v. i, The nimble fencer..made me tear..'bout the chamber. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 17 Discourses..'Bout work being slack, and rise and fall of bread. a1845Hood Agric. Distress vi, While we bargain 'bout the hay.
B. adv. In Nautical phr. 'bout ship = ‘put about the ship’, that is, turn her head, alter her course.
1830Marryat King's Own xvi, 'Bout ship, Mr. Pearce.
▪ V. bout, v.|baʊt|
[f. bout n.2 1 b.]
trans. To plough in such a manner as to make bouts. Hence ˈbouted ppl. a., ploughed in this manner.
1733W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farm. ii. 36 Bout it up at Allhollantide. Ibid. 37 In June harrow it down and bout it the same way; in July hack it overthwart, or bout it up across. 1844Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. V. i. 16 Two of these harrows cover a single ridge of four furrows; four cover an eight-furrow stretch, consisting of two ridges bouted into one. 1864Ibid. XXV. ii. 291 The fallows are broken up in the autumn.., ploughed back in spring, then twice across, and bouted in 27-inch ridges.
▪ VI. bout
obs. f. bolt, and of bought n. and pa. pple. |