| 释义 |
Bourbon, n.|burbɔ̃, ˈbʊəbɒn, -ən|
[f. Bourbon l'Archambault, a town in the department of l'Allier, France.]
1. A member of the family which long held the thrones of France and Naples, and until 1931 that of Spain; also fig. as in quot. 1873, and attrib.
1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1775) I. 5 No—said I—the Bourbon is by no means a cruel race. 1873Tristram Moab xiv. 254 Muleteers are certainly typical Bourbons, They learn nothing and they forget nothing.
2. transf. In U.S. politics: A nickname for ‘a Democrat behind the age and unteachable’.
1884Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 29 Nov. 2/4 The Herald wants the Bourbons, ‘the men who still swear by Andrew Jackson’, sent to the rear. Ibid. 20 Sept., That chief of Bourbon organs, the Charleston (S.C.) News.
3. a. The former name of the island now called Réunion, in the Indian Ocean, so named in 1642 in honour of the French royal family; whence Bourbon Palm, a common name of the genus Latania, found in Réunion and Mauritius.
b. A rose belonging to a group of hybrids (Rosa × borboniensis) produced by R. chinensis and R. damascena, believed to have originated in Réunion (Isle de Bourbon) c 1825, and used as a parent of many modern varieties.
1829Loudon Encycl. Plants 446 Rosa centifolia... Garden Varieties... Bourbon. 1841Penny Cycl. XX. 158/1 Bourbon rose..is a natural hybrid between R. Indica and a variety called red four-seasons. This hybrid was found among a number of the latter plants in a hedge in the Isle of Bourbon. 1852S. Warner Queechy liv, The air was full of the sweetness of damask and Bourbon varieties. 1869S. R. Hole Book about Roses 173 Of the Bourbons..there are several which are valuable additions to a general collection of Roses. Ibid. 174 Catherine Guillot, with Louise Odier,..are..two winsome maids of honour in waiting upon the Bourbon Queen. 1962Amat. Gardening 24 Mar. 4/3 The species and older shrub roses such as the albas, Bourbons, damasks and gallicas.
c. Bourbon tea: see tea n. 6.
1861Bentley Man. Bot. 667 Angræcum fragrans.—The dried leaves of this fragrant species are used as a kind of tea in the Mauritius. This is commonly known as Faham or Bourbon tea.
4. |ˈbɜːbən| Whisky of a kind originally made in Bourbon County, Kentucky; a glass of this whisky. Also attrib. orig. U.S.
1846in Amer. Speech (1963) XXXVIII. 158 Old Bourbon. 1850‘M. Tensas’ Odd Leaves from Louisiana ‘Swamp Doctor’ 37, I would have sworn it was good old Bourbon whiskey. 1862Congress. Globe May 2288/3 One barrel of genuine Bourbon liquor. 1957J. Braine Room at Top vii. 75 George poured me another Bourbon. 1958G. Greene Our Man in Havana v. v. 238 Bourbon is stronger than Scotch.
5. Bourbon biscuit: a chocolate-flavoured biscuit with a chocolate cream filling.
1932L. Golding Magnolia Street v. 103 Mrs. Poyser sent in some smoked salmon and a bag of Bourbon biscuits. 1960R. Collier House called Memory iii. 44 The chocolate biscuits, the bourbon biscuits, and the bridge rolls.
Hence [from sense 1] Bourˈbonian, Bourˈbonic adjs., of or pertaining to the Bourbons; Bourboniˈzation, reduction under Bourbon predominance; ˈBourbonism, adhesion to the Bourbon dynasty, or to the Bourbon party in U.S. politics; ˈBourbonist, a supporter of the Bourbon dynasty.
1651Howell Venice 177* This present Pope Innocent the tenth is as much an Austrian as the other was a Bourbonian. 1728Morgan Hist. Algiers II. iv. 271 The Burbonian and Austrian Factions. 1883L. Figuerola Pol. Cond. Spain in Fortn. Rev., The first Bourbonic branch. 1886Seeley in Academy 6 Feb., The bourbonisation of the Continent. 1884Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 18 Sept., The spirit of pro-slavery Bourbonism. 1820Edin. Rev. XXXIV. 3 Our travellers..occasionally take part with..Bourbonists. 1862Standard 13 Dec., The Bourbonists..carried a white banner with a fleur de lys. |