| 释义 |
▪ I. scabbard, n.1|ˈskæbəd|
Forms: α. 3 scauberc, 4 scaberke, 4–5 scau-, 5 scaw-, s(c)kaw-, skau-, skaberk(e, skabrek. β. 4–5 scabarge, -erge, 5 skaberge, 7 sca(r)bridge. γ. 4– 5 scaubert, 5 scawbert, scaubart, 6 scaberth, Sc. scau-, scawbart, scaw-, skaw-, schawbert, scalbart, -bert, 6–7 scabbert. δ. Sc. 5 skawburn(e. ε. 4 skawbard, Sc. scalburde, 4–5 scauberd(e, 5–6 scabard(e, 5–7 -erd, 6 skabard, -ord, 7 scabbord, -erd, 8 -oard, 6– scabbard.
[a. AF. *escauberc (recorded only in pl. escaubers, -erz, ‘vaginas’, ‘dolones’, Joannes de Garlandia, 13th c.), escauberge (13th c. in Registr. Malmesb., Rolls Ser., I. 55), latinized eschauberca (an. 1204 in Rot. Chart. 134/1).
Evidence of the existence of the word in continental OF. has not yet been found, as J. de Garlandia, though resident in France, was an Englishman. The form represents an earlier *scalberc, -berge, which must be an adoption of a Teut. compound, the last element of which contains the root *berg- to protect (cf. hauberk). No such Teut. compound has, however, been found. As to the origin of the first element two suggestions have been made: (1) that it is OHG. scala shell, husk, which does not yield a very satisfactory sense; (2) that *scalberc is altered by dissimilation from *scarberc, from OHG. scâr, scâra, ordinarily meaning ‘scissors’, but occas. used as a designation for a sword. The Icel. skálp-r scabbard, skálm short sword (? a. Gr. σκάλµη), skálm ‘one part of a cloven thing’ (Vigf.), pl. bean-pods, have some resemblance in form and sense, but the possibility of etymological connexion is very doubtful.]
1. a. The case or sheath which serves to protect the blade of a sword, dagger, or bayonet when not in use. Also, a sheath in which a rifle, submachine gun, or similar firearm is kept.
Usually made of hide or leather, bound with metal; sometimes entirely composed of steel or more precious metals, and embroidered, inlaid, or decorated with precious stones and jewels.
α1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5538 To is scauberc he pulte is hond. c1380Sir Ferumb. 771 In-to is scaberke he potte his swerd. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 2845 The swerd..was alway stylle cloos In the skawberk. c1450Merlin 118 Whan Arthur was releved, he drowgh his swerde oute of skabrek. Ibid. 347 He..yede firste to Calibourne and putte it in the skaberke whan he hadde dried it clene.
βc1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 266 It is not liklyche þat Crist..schulde carie a swerd in a scaberge for to slee a sely lombe. c1475Partenay 2790 Then drawing his swerd the scaberge fro, The poynt gayn the dore put he ther-vnto. 1600–1Churchw. Acc. E. Budleigh (Brushfield 1894) 19 Pd. for scabridges & for two swordes & a scabridge for a dager ijs vjd. 1673–4Totnes Rec. in Jewitt & Hope Corp. Plate (1895) I. 162 Paid for a new Scarbridge for ye Town sword.
γc1325Chron. Eng. 628 in Ritson Metr. Rom. II. 296 The scaubert wes gold pur ant fin. c1440Promp. Parv. 443/1 Scawbert, or chethe (S. scawberk, K.P. scauberd), vagina. 1513Douglas æneis iv. v. 160 The schawbert with broun jasp was picht. Ibid. xi. i. 27 Abowt hys gorget..Was hung hys suerd with evor scawbart fyne. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 231 Ane scalbert also quilk was of purpure fine. 1600J. Lane Tom Tel-troth (Shaks. Soc.) 127 Then..swords might in scabberts sleepe.
δ1474Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 25 Item a pirne of gold for a skawburne to the sammyn swerd.
εc1375Cursor M. 15791 (Fairf.) Of þe skawbard his squorde he drogh. 14..Sir Beues (M.) 688 The scabarde he ffound, the sword was away. 1456Sir G. Haye Law of Arms (S.T.S.) 110 Jhesu Crist..bad sanct Petir..that he suld put agayne the suerd in the scalburde. a1548Hall Chron., Rich. III, 25 b, After them folowed the newe erle of Surrey with the sword of estate in a riche skabard. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. iv. 303, I had a passe with him, rapier, scabberd, and all. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 111 The sword with the haft and scabbard of gold. 1675Hobbes Odyssey (1677) 93 This My sword, with scabbord all of ivory. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ., The Sword, He return'd his sword into its scabbard. 1802C. James Milit. Dict. s.v. Unfix, Unfix bayonet, on which the soldier disengages the bayonet from his piece, and returns it to the scabbard. 1834Marryat P. Simple I. xix. 325 The officer..drawing his sword out of the scabbard, struck O'Brien with the flat of the blade. 1861Bright Sp., Amer. 4 Dec. (1876) 97 Every sword leaping from its scabbard. 1891Kipling Light that Failed xiii, The moonlight glittered on the scabbard of his sabre. 1923Dialect Notes V. 220 Scabbard, holster, any leather sheath for a weapon. 1941E. Hemingway For Whom Bell Tolls xxi. 264 From the scabbard on the right of his saddle projected the stock and the long oblong clip of a short automatic rifle. 1979Navajo Times (Window Rock, Arizona) 24 May 19/2 (Advt.), Truck seat cover. Rifle scabbard & map pouch!
b. transf. and fig. Often in context with sword.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 368 Poul clepiþ þe sixte armure, swerd of þe Holy Goost..And þus þe tunge in mannis mouþe is a scaberke to þis swerd. 1589Nashe Almond for Parrat 10 Whiles the sworde of iustice, slept in his scaberd. 1657T. M. Life Nim 106 [That] if ever he met me, he would make my Heart the Scabbard of his Sword. 1671Crowne Juliana Prol., Whil'st tongue lyes still i' th' scabbard of his lips. 1895Wolseley Decl. & F. Napoleon i. 2 He..so overstrained the machinery of his mind and body..that both deteriorated... The sword as well as the scabbard showed unmistakable signs of wear-and-tear.
attrib.1605Kyd 1st Pt. Ieronimo i. iii. 105 What bloud sucking slaue Could choke bright honor in a skabard graue?
c. Used as a type of peace (opposed to sword).
1802C. James Milit. Dict. s.v., The favourite expression of the late Sir William Erskine—Some rise by the scabbard, and some by the sword! 1817Lady Morgan France i. (1818) I. 88 He sheathed her blood-stained sword in a scabbard of peace.
d. In proverbial uses.
1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 63 He that striketh with the swoorde, Shalbe strikyn with the scaberde. 1579Gosson Apol. Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 67 Considereth he now..that hee which strikes with the sworde, shalbe beaten with the scabbarde? 1607Middleton Fam. Love v. i, Since he has strooke with the sword, strike you with the Scabbard: in plaine termes Cuckold him. 1823Lockhart Reg. Dalton iii. vi, There is an old Scots saying..that ‘the blade wears the scabbard’. 1874Motley John of Barneveld I. vii. 331 To throw away the sword and fight with the scabbard.
e. In fig. phrase, to throw away the scabbard: to abandon all thought of making peace.
a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. x. §169 He who hath drawn his Sword against his Prince, ought to throw away the Scabbard. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 196 The scabbard seemed to be thrown away on both sides. 1900A. T. Mahan War S. Africa v. (ed. 2) 200 Not the courage that throws away the scabbard, much less that which burns its ships.
†2. transf. Applied to various kinds of sheath or integument; a cocoon, etc. Obs.
[1578Banister Hist. Man vii. 90 It..prepareth way to the Nerues..as that it deduceth them, hid as it were in a scaberth, to it.] 1608Topsell Serpents 103 They fold themselues into a..web. And thus beeing included in a greenish scabbard..they all die in Winter. 1713A. van Leeuwenhoek in Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 160 An Animalculum, that was fix'd in a little Scabboard or Sheath. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Supp., Scabbard,..is the skin that serves for a sheath or case to a horse's yard.
3. attrib. and Comb., as scabbard-button, scabbard clasp, scabbard-maker; scabbard fish, Lepidopus caudatus, a fish of long, compressed scabbard-like form and silvery-white colour; scabbard razor-shell, a razor-shell, Solen vagina, shaped like a scabbard.
1802C. James Milit. Dict. s.v., *Scabbard-button, a brass button or hook by which the scabbard is attached to the frog of the belt.
1866G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 302 This runic *Scabbard-clasp.
1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes I. 176 The *Scabbard-fish. Lepidopus argyreus. 1884W. Saville-Kent Fishes Brit. Isl. (Fish. Exhib. Lit.) 123 The Scabbard⁓fish is distributed abundantly through the tropical waters of the Atlantic.
1611Cotgr., Fourrelier, a *scabberd maker.
1813Bingley Anim. Biog. III. 448 The *scabbard razor-shell.
▪ II. † ˈscabbard, n.2 Obs. rare—0.
Also 9 scalbert.
[f. scab n. + -ard. Cf. Du. schobberd beggar, rogue.]
A ‘scabbed’ person.
c1440Promp. Parv. 442/1 Scabbard, or he þat is scabbyd. 1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl., Scalbert, a low-lifed, scabby-minded individual.
▪ III. scabbard, n.3|ˈskæbəd|
Also 7 -erd, 7–8 -ord, -oard.
[app. ad. MLG. schalbort thin board sawn off a length of timber in squaring it, f. schale shell, rind, etc. (see scale n.1) + bort board: = G. schalbrett. (Cf. scale-board1, which is recorded later.)]
Thin board used in making splints, the scabbards of swords, veneer, etc., and by printers in making register (now called scale-board).
1635Patent Specif. (1856) No. 87, p. 1 l. 9 Scabberds made of veneer. 1672Wiseman Wounds ii. 123 Of these [splints] some are made of Tin, others of Scabboard [ed. 1676 Scabbard], Pastboard, and of wood... Those of Scabboards are apt to bow. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing viii, Scabbord is that sort of Scale commonly sold by some Ironmongers in Bundles; And of which, the Scabbords for Swords are made: The Compositer cuts it Quadrat high. 1753Franklin Let. to J. Bowden 12 Apr. Wks. 1840 V. 299, I place them in loose rims of scabboard. 1771Luckombe Hist. Printing 312 The Ribs squeeze closer to the Winter one Scabbord. 1787Printer's Gram. 116 In mixt matter, or Italic, a Scabbard at least is required before and after a thin Brass rule.
b. scabbard-plane = scaleboard-plane.
1846Holtzapffel Turning II. 504 The scale-board plane, abbreviated into scabbard-plane, for cutting off the wide chips used for making hat and bonnet boxes.
Hence † ˈscabbarding, the spacing of lines of type.
1786M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) II. 270 Scabbording of the lines,..scabbording of the prefaces.
▪ IV. ˈscabbard, v.
[f. scabbard n.1]
1. trans. To put (a sword) into its scabbard; to sheathe. Also transf. and fig.
1579–80North Plutarch, Pyrrus (1595) 446 For if any drewe out his sworde, or based his pike, he could neither scabarde the one againe, nor lift vp the other. 1679Crowne Ambitious Statesman iii. 31 The shining Tongue of their chief leading Orator, Ha's neither edge nor point; but finely scabberded In Velvet Words [etc.]. 1812W. Tennant Anster F. iv. vii, Thus prepar'd To have their persons scabbarded in cloth. 1866Ruskin Crown Wild Olive (1873) 130 You find that you have put yourselves into the hand of your country as a weapon... You have vowed to strike, when she bids you, and to stay scabbarded when she bids you. 1898Chr. Herald (N.Y.) 9 Mar. 200/2 Let the sword be scabbarded.
2. Mil. To punish with a scabbard (see quots.).
1802C. James Milit. Dict. s.v., Infantry soldiers are sometimes scabbarded under the sanction of the captains of companies, for slight offences committed among themselves. 1901W. Starke Obs. Milit. Punishm. 40 The common punishments..were scabbarding and cobbing, the former meaning to beat a man with a bayonet scabbard. |