| 释义 |
▪ I. bore, n.1|bɔə(r)|
Also 6 Sc. boir, 7 boar(e.
[Partly f. bore v.1; but in senses 1–4 it may be partly adoption of, or cogn. w., ON. bora wk. fem. ‘bore-hole’:—OTeut. *borôn- (the corresp. form *bore is not recorded in OE.; the equivalent OHG. bora, Du. boor fem., agree in meaning with 5); and in sense 5:—OE. bor ‘borer, gimlet’ = ON. bor-r:—OTeut. *boro-z: see bore v.1]
I. That which is bored.
1. a. A hole made by boring, a perforation; an aperture (irrespective of shape), a chink, crevice, or cranny; in later use chiefly an auger hole, or other cylindrical perforation. Obs. or arch.
c1320Seuyn Sag. 1156 Water hi can stop That hit ne mai nowt bi bores drop. a1400Cov. Myst. 319 We xal se Yf the borys be for hym meet. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. xx, That cowardise ne entre at no bore. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §3 A pynne put throughe, set in the plough-beame, in an augurs bore. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 515 Out throw ane boir quhair he mycht rycht weill see. 1654Trapp Comm. Job xxxiii. 16 He openeth the ears of men, He maketh the bore bigger. 1718Arbuthnot in Swift's Lett. II. 2 He has shortened his stirrups three bores. 1785Burns Jolly Begg. 52 Frighted rattons..seek the benmost bore.
b. blue bore: an opening in the clouds showing the blue sky. Sc. Also fig.
1775Baillie Lett. I. 171 (Jam.) This style pleased us well. It was the first blue bore that did appear in our cloudy sky. c1817Hogg Tales & Sk. III. 241 All at once a lovely ‘blue bore’..opened in the cloud behind.
†c. Applied to the wounds of Christ. 'S bores, a profane oath = God's wounds, zounds. Obs.
1640Brome Sparagus Gard. iv. iii. Wks. 1873 III. 179 No, no, no not I; s'bores I bit my tongue too hard.
d. Sc. ‘to wick a bore in curling and cricket is to drive a stone or ball dexterously through an opening between two guards.’ Jamieson s.v. Wick.
1786Burns Tam Samson's E. v, He was the king o' a' the core, To guard, or draw, or wick a bore.
2. a. spec. The cylindrical perforation or cavity of a tube, gun, etc. Also attrib., preceded by a defining word, as smooth-bore, taper-bore, choke-bore, q.v. (In quot. 1730 used of a semi-cylindrical groove.)
1572Gascoigne Weedes, Wks. (1587) 183 The bravest peece for breech and bore that ever yet was bought. 1611Cotgr., Ame..the mould that is within the bore of Artillerie when tis cast. 1635J. Babington Pyrotechn. 1, I take for the sayd length six diameters of the bore, which maketh six inches. 1678N. Wanley Wonders iii. xliv. §28. 227/2 Muskets..to shoot Bullets without Powder, or anything else but Wind or Air compressed in the bore of it. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphit. 349 Several small Bores made hollow by the continued Friction of the Ropes. a1793G. White Selborne (1853) 4 Might plant the mortar with wide threat'ning bore. 1808J. Barlow Columb. v. 628 Marksmen, skill'd to pour Their slugs unerring from the twisted bore. 1871B. Stewart Heat §16 Part of this mercury will be driven up the bore into the bulb.
b. Hence, the interior measurement or diameter of a tube; the calibre of a gun; also fig. and transf.
1583Plat Divers new Exper. (1594) 23 Beeing of petronell bore, or a bore higher. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. vi. 27 Yet are they much too light for the bore of the Matter. 1635J. Babington Pyrotechn. xxiii. 27 Holes..which shall be halfe an inch asunder, and likewise half an inch boare. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 93 Whose eares are of a just bore for his fable. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 403 Nearly three hundred pieces of cannon of different bores. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art I. 112 The smaller the bore of the pipe is, the easier he will be able to raise himself. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. iii. (1873) 60 The measure or bore of the lightning, if such a term may be used. 1881Metal World ix. 139 An article on measuring the bores of cylinders.
3. a. A deep vertical hole of small diameter, bored into the earth to ascertain the nature of the underlying strata, or to obtain water. In Australia used esp. in sense ‘water-hole for cattle’.
1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 185 What we do find at our utmost depths or bores..quarries of stone, Mines of metal, or layers and veins of barren earths. 1875Encycl. Brit. I. 646 A bore of 3 inches was carried to a depth of 2086 feet. 1906J. W. Gregory Dead Heart of Australia IV. 331 Geysers... With regard to the bore at Westland..there were great pulsations in the evolution of firedamp. 1933Bulletin (Sydney) 23 Aug. 35/2 He crawled more than a mile to a bore-drain. 1936I. L. Idriess Cattle King xxxviii. 328 The bore-drain carrying the water from the bore-head would meander for many miles. 1936F. Gerald Millionaire in Memories iii. 73 ‘Good,’ I thought. ‘I have time to..bathe in the ‘bore’’—the Government had bored for water at Barcaldine, and..had struck an inexhaustible supply. 1955J. Cleary Justin Bayard xix. 285 That night they camped by a bore. The cattle took their fill of the mineral-tasting water. 1963V. B. Cranley 27,000 Miles through Australia x. 62 We..filled our water reserves at the bores along the way... Lilly Vale Bore... Wild Dog Bore... Tickalara Bore, and others.
b. transf. The tubular outlet of a geyser.
1863Baring-Gould Iceland 196 The first of the great springs has two bores.
4. A piece of iron bored with holes of various sizes to receive the shanks of nails, while the head is brought to shape by the hammer.
1831J. Holland Manuf. Metals I. 195 This bore is a piece of strong iron, ten or twelve inches in length.
II. That which bores.
†5. An instrument for boring. Obs.
[a800Corpus Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker Voc. 45 Scalpellum, bor.] 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1693) 48 The Square-bore is a square Steel Point..fitted into a square Socket in an Iron Wimble.
III. 6. Comb. (in sense 3; some of these might be referred to bore v.1): bore-bit, a chisel used in boring through rocks; bore-hole, a more usual synonym of bore n.1 3; bore-log, a perforated block of wood through which the bore-rod passes; bore-meal, the débris brought up by boring; bore-rod, an iron rod used for making bore-holes.
1869Spon's Dict. Engineering I. 499 The *bore-bit is a simple, flat chisel.
1708J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 13 About 3 Inches Diameter for a *Bore-hole (or Boreing) is sufficient. 1883Athenæum 7 Apr. 447 [They] sank a bore-hole down to the salt at Saltholme, on the north side of the Tees.
1869Spon's Dict. Engineering I. 501 The mouth of the well..ought to be secured by the *bore-log.
Ibid. Each day ..a part of the *bore-meal, or the coarsest débris [should be] saved for future examination.
1851Coal-tr. Terms Northumbld. & Durh. 8 To ascertain the nature of strata, by means of *bore-rods.
▪ II. bore, n.2|bɔə(r)|
[This, and its vb. bore2 arose after 1750; etymology unknown.
(Usually supposed to be f. bore v.2, which is then regarded as a fig. use of bore v.1, with the notion of ‘persistent annoyance’ (cf. Ger. drillen). But it seems impossible in this way to account for sense 1 of the n., which is apparently the source of the other senses, and of the verb itself. If related at all to bore v.1 or n.1, the connexion must be much more indirect; possibly there is an allusion to some now forgotten anecdote. The phrase ‘French bore’ naturally suggests that the word is of French origin; bourre padding, hence (in 18th c.) triviality, bourrer to stuff, to satiate, might be thought of; but without assuming some intermediate link these words do not quite yield the required sense.)]
†1. The malady of ennui, supposed to be specifically ‘French’, as ‘the spleen’ was supposed to be English; a fit of ennui or sulks; a dull time.
1766Earl of March Let. in Jesse G. Selwyn II. 88 [date misprinted 1776] Augustus Hervey and Lord Cadogan are in a long bore. 1766G. J. Williams Let. 9 Dec. in Ibid. 108 He sits every night next to Lord Temple, and has a complete bore of it for two hours. 1766― Let. 30 Dec. in Ibid. 121 Your last letter was the most cheerful that I have received from you, and..without that d—d French bore. 1767Ld. Carlisle Let. 8 Mar. in Ibid. 150, I enclose you a packet of letters, which if they are French, the Lord deliver you from the bore.
†b. One who suffers from ‘bore’ or ennui, or affects lack of interest in anything.
1766G. J. Williams Let. 25 Nov. in Jesse G. Selwyn II. 86 You are..such a French bore, and all against your poor country, that I believe you imagine your letters are opened at the post-office.
2. A thing which bores or causes ennui; an annoyance, a nuisance.
1778Refutation 16 Advice is well enough—reproof's a bore. 1807Antid. Miseries Hum. Life 27 Conversation is a bore, as 'tis generally managed. 1831Whately in Life (1866) I. 111 A formal dinner-party even at Oxford is a bore. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. I. 190 It is as great a bore as to hear a poet read his own verses.
3. A tiresome or uncongenial person; one who wearies or worries. blue bore (quot. 1837): in punning allusion to the tavern sign of the Blue Boar.
1812Edin. Rev. XX. 74 A king is in these tribes really regarded as a sort of..bore. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey v. vi. 192 The true bore is that man who thinks the world is only interested in one subject, because he himself can only comprehend one. 1837Dickens Pickw. li, ‘Ungrammatical twaddler, was it, sir?’ ‘Yes, sir, it was..and blue-bore, sir, if you like that better. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xi, He says the country girls are bores; indeed, I don't think he is far wrong. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf. T. i. 3 ‘Madam, all men are bores, except when we want them.’
▪ III. bore, n.3|bɔə(r)|
Also 4 bare, 7–9 boar, 8 boer.
[In sense 1, app. a. ON. bára wave, billow: it is doubtful whether sense 2 is the same word, since no examples even of its local use in early times have been found.]
†1. ? Wave, billow. Obs. rare.
c1320Sir Tristr. 356 Hye seyden: ȝond is þe lond, and here schaltow to bare.
2. A tide-wave of extraordinary height, caused either by the meeting of two tides, or by the rushing of the tide up a narrowing estuary. Cf. eagre. Also in comb., as † bore-loden (= -laden), swollen by a tidal wave.
1601Weever Mirr. Mart. B iv b, No bridge vpon her bore-lod'n bosome bore. 1613Voy. Guiana in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 197 A boar, as the seamen term it, and violent encounter of two tides coming in. 1668Phil. Trans. III. 816 All Vessels that lye in the way of the..Boar, are commonly overset. 1738Ibid. XL. 432 He..suspects, that Spouts and Boars may derive their Origin from the same Cause. 1796Burke Regic. Peace Wks. 1842 II. 383 The victorious tenth wave shall ride, like the bore, over all the rest. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 292 The Bristol Channel is very subject to the Bore.
▪ IV. bore, v.1|bɔə(r)|
Forms: inf. 1 borian, 2 boren, borien, 5 boryn, boore, 6–7 boar(e, 2– bore. pa. pple. 5 boryn, 7 boared, 2– bored.
[Com. Teut.: OE. borian wk. v. is cogn. w. OHG. borôn (MHG. born, mod.G. bohren), Du. boren, ON. bora:—OTeut. *borôn to bore, f. OTeut. *boro-z, whence OE., ON. bor str. masc., an auger, gimlet (see bore n.1); f. Aryan root meaning to cut, pierce, whence Lat. forāre to bore, Gr. ϕάρος a plough, etc. The orig. short o is lengthened by position in ME. and mod.E., as in mod.Ger. and Du. (Some of the latter senses are difficult to account for: 6 may really be a different word.)]
1. trans. To pierce, perforate, make a hole in or through; in mod. use esp. to pierce by means of a rotatory movement like that of an auger or gimlet. Also with adv. through.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker Voc. 121 Termes vel teredo, wyrm þe borað treow. c1150Gloss. ibid. 550 Terebro, ic bore. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. iii. (1495) 605 Yf almonde trees ben boryd wyth naylles gumme cometh out of them. c1435Torr. Portugal 2238 Ffulle of holis it was boryn. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii., To Rdr., Who hath..boared the skin through with infinit pores for evacuation. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 59 Curiously can nature weave the Vessels of the Body; nay, and bore them too. 1780Coxe Russ. Disc. 334 All the worm-eaten roots are rejected; the remainder are bored through. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xxiv, The Bruce's care Had bored the ground with many a pit. Mod. The wood is apt to split; bore it first for the nails.
†b. To pierce, stab, run through with a weapon; to wound. Obs.
a1400Leg. Rood (1871) 201 His breest is bored with deeþis armes. 1685F. Spence Ho. Medici 133 He first boar'd Giuliano de Medici with a poigniard.
†c. Phr. to bore (any one's) ears (in allusion to Exod. xxi. 6): to consign to perpetual slavery. Obs.
[1535Coverdale Ex. xxi. 6 Let his master bore [Wyclif 1382 thrail, 1388 perse] him thorow the eare with a botkin. ]1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. (1851) 176 By their corrupt and servile doctrines boring our eares to an everlasting slavery. 1692South 12 Serm. (1697) I. 13 Can any man, that would be faithful to his Reason, yield his Ear to be bored through by his domineering appetites.
¶ Applied in sense ‘to insist upon a hearing’, ‘to force one to listen’; possibly with reference to Psalm xl. 6 in the Heb.; cf. bore v.2
a1617P. Bayne Ephes. 140 (1658) God by afflictions is said to boar the ear. 1622H. Sydenham Serm. Sol. Occ. i. (1637) 76 This is enough for an understanding eare without farther boring it. 1642Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. 95 One of them who jog our elbowes, and boar our..ears with Babylon.
†d. transf. To penetrate, make one's way through (a crowd); fig. to gain entrance into (the mind).
1622H. Sydenham Serm. Sol. Occ. ii. (1637) 115 Riddles of eternal generation which can never bore a human intellect. a1732Gay (J.) Consider what bustling crouds I bor'd.
e. to bore out, to put or force out (e.g. the eyes) by boring. Obs. or dial.
c1400Test. Love 1, Every teare of mine eyen for greatnesse semed they boren out the ball of my sight. 1660Fuller Mixt. Contemp. (1841) 239 Petrus de Vineis..whose eyes he had caused to be bored out for some misdemeanour. 1712Steele Spect. No. 324 ⁋1 Tipping the Lion..is performed by..boring out the Eyes with their Fingers.
2. trans. To pierce with a cylindrical aperture or cavity; to hollow out evenly (a cylinder, gun, etc.)
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Boring, The method of boring alder poles for water-pipes. 1875Ure Dict. Arts II. 381 After the barrel is bored, and rendered truly cylindrical.
3. absol. and intr. To make a hole (mod. use limited as in 1). Often with through, into, under, or other prep. In Mining, to sink a bore-hole (see bore n.1 3 and 6), as to bore for coal, bore for water.
a1225Leg. Kath. 1924 Swa þat te pikes and te irnene preones se scharpe and se starke borien þurh. c1430Hymns Virg. (1867) 52 A spere þoruȝ myn herte gan boore. 1535Coverdale Judith vi. 26 Cut of his heade and pearsed and bored thorow his temples. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. ii. 170 And with a little Pinne Bores through his Castle Walls. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. x. (1856) 72 By cutting and boring [we] succeeded in penetrating it [the ice]. 1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 850 The hedgehog underneath the plantain bores. 1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 445 The Chinese method of boring with ropes instead of rigid rods.
fig.1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 116 Those Milke pappes That through the window Barne [edd. bars] bore at mens eyes.
†b. To obtain entrance by boring. Obs.
1375Leg. Rood (1871) 139 Men miȝte better ha crepet..þen bored into heuene blis.
c. To advance, push forward, by gradual persistent motion like that of a boring tool; fig. to persevere by slow and laborious means to the attainment of a distant object.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 438 They take their Flight..boring to the West. 1867F. Francis Angling iii. (1880) 77 The bream has a disagreeable knack of boring head down. 1874Helps Soc. Press. ii. 23 The ‘great measure’ man has one or two objects respecting which he bores on throughout the greater part of his life.
d. trans. and intr. Of a horse: To thrust the head straight forward.
1731Bailey II, [With Horsemen] a horse is said to boar or bore, when he shoots out his nose as high as he can. 1802C. James Milit. Dict. (1816) 54/2. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet let. vii, The bit secured between his teeth, and his head bored down betwixt his fore-legs.
4. trans. To produce or make (a hole, passage, tunnel) by boring (mod. use as 1, 3). to bore one's way: to advance by a boring motion.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §24 Than maye he..bore the holes with his wymble. 1535Coverdale 2 Kings xii. 9 Then Ioiada the prest toke a chest, and bored an hole aboue therin. 1635J. Babington Pyrotechn. xxiii. 27 Then boare your holes thorow your inch board. a1705Ray (J.) These diminutive caterpillars are able..to pierce or bore their way into a tree. 1833H. Martineau Manch. Strike x. 110 Boring a hole between two flints in a yard with a rusty pair of scissors. 1853Phillips Rivers Yorksh. ii. 33 The passage is like a tunnel; it is in fact bored out by the water.
5. To push or thrust as by boring; now esp. in Racing language, to push out of the course.
1677Lover's Quarr. 317 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 266 He bor'd him out of the Saddle fair. 1884L'pool Mercury 5 Mar. 5/1 In the world of racing ‘to bore’ is to push an opponent out of his course.
†6. To mock, trick, cheat, gull; ? = bourd v.1 2.
1602Life T. Cromwell ii. ii. 103 One that hath gulled you, that hath bored you Sir. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. i. 128 At this instant He bores me with some tricke. 1622Fletcher Span. Curate iv. v. 43, I am laughed at, scorn'd, Baffel'd and boared, it seems.
▪ V. bore, v.2|bɔə(r)|
[App. f. bore n.2]
trans. To weary by tedious conversation or simply by the failure to be interesting.
1768Earl Carlisle Let. 16 Apr. in Jesse G. Selwyn I. 291, I pity my Newmarket friends, who are to be bored by these Frenchmen. Ibid. 293, I have seen as yet nothing of Florence, therefore shall not bore you. 1774Private Lett. 1st Ld. Malmesbury I. 278, I have bored you sadly with this catastrophe. 1821Byron in Moore Life xli. 476 Hobhouse and others bored me with their learned localities. 1853De Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun Wks. III. 15 A man..has no unlimited privilege of boring one. 1883Fortn. Rev. Feb. 186 Whereas he had expected to be dreadfully bored, he had on the contrary been greatly instructed.
▪ VI. bore
pa. tense and obs. pa. pple. of bear v.1; obs. f. boar, boor; var. bor dial., neighbour. |