| 释义 |
▪ I. boom, n.1|buːm|
Also 6–7 bomb(e.
[f. boom v.1]
1. A loud, deep sound with much resonance or humming effect, as of a distant cannon, a large bell, etc.: also the usual word for the cry of the bittern.
a1500Frere & Boye 176 in Ritson A.P.P. 41 Tempre thy bombe, he sayd, for shame. 1626Bacon Sylva §151 A Pillar of Iron..which, if you had struck, it would make a little flat noise in the Room where it was struck; but a great bomb in the Chamber beneath. 1795Southey Vis. Maid Orleans i. xv, The bittern's boom was heard; hoarse, heavy, deep. 1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1843) II. 301 This evening boom of beetles; this nocturnal buz of gnats. 1843Lever J. Hinton liv. 341 The loud boom of a gun struck upon my ear. 1846Ruskin Mod. Paint. (1848) I. ii. ii. i. §21. 151 The dull boom of the disturbed sea. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. I. 232 The great bell of St. Peter's tolled with a deep boom.
2. Special Comb. boom box slang (orig. U.S.) = ghetto blaster s.v. ghetto n. 3 b.
[1978Time 23 July 60/1 Their ears are tuned constantly to what they call the box... For a mere {pstlg}55 a box-toter can get a General Electric tape model... It is called Loudmouth.] 1981N.Y. Times 5 June d5/4 The portable stereo craze actually started three or four years ago with the so-called *boom boxes. 1985Washington Post 26 June c10 How about a law against playing ‘boom boxes’ in public places?
▪ II. boom, n.2 Naut.|buːm|
Also (in sense 3) 8 bomb.
[a. Du. boom ‘tree, beam, pole’, corresp. to OHG., MHG. boum, mod.G. baum, also to OE. béam, and mod. beam: taken from Du. in senses in which the Eng. beam was not used.]
1. a. ‘A long spar run out from different places in the ship, to extend or boom out the foot of a particular sail; as jib-boom, flying jib-boom, studding-sail booms.’ Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1867.
1662in Birch Hist. Royal Soc. (1756) I. 91 The violence of it snapt off their boom by the board. 1692in Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. xvi. 76 A Boom, a long Pole used to spread out the Clew of the Studding-sail, etc. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. ii. 20 She sail'd with..a Shoulder of Mutton Sail; and the Boom gib'd over the Top of the Cabin. 1742Anson Voy. iii. v. 341 The mast, yard, boom, and outriggers, are all made of bamboo. 1850Blackie æschylus II. 252 With broken booms and fragments of the wreck.
b. pl. That part of a ship's deck where the spare spars are stowed.
1762–9Falconer Shipwr. ii. 262 The yards secure along the booms were laid. 1803Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V. 205 Hardy [is] rigging the main-yard on the booms. 1833Marryat P. Simple (1863) 92 Mr. Chucks then sat down upon the fore-end of the booms by the funnel. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Booms, a space where the spare spars are stowed; the launch being generally stowed between them.
c. Aeronaut. (See quot.)
1916H. Barber Aeroplane Speaks 135 Boom, a term usually applied to the long spars joining the tail of a ‘pusher’ aeroplane to its main lifting surface.
d. A movable bar supporting a microphone or camera. Also attrib.
1931[see microphone 3]. 1932Wireless World 10 Feb. 146/1 A microphone suspended on a boom. 1958Manchester Guardian 10 June 6/2 The narrative swings as if on a studio boom-arm from character to character. 1959Viewpoint July 34 The boom operator has found his first boom, or microphone, shadow.
†2. A pole set up to mark the course of the channel or deep water. ? Obs.
1705Harris Lexicon Techn. s.v. Boom..The Poles with Bushes or Baskets on the Top, which are placed to direct how to steer into a Channel are called Booms, and by some Beacons. 1755in Johnson; and in mod. Dicts. [Not in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.]
3. a. A bar or barrier consisting of a strong chain or line of connected spars, pieces of timber bound together, etc., stretched across a river or the mouth of a harbour to obstruct navigation.
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 215 The sea-works and booms were traced out by Marquis Spinola. 1655Lestrange Chas. I, 93 Before his coming the Cardinal had finisht his prodigious Boom and Barricado [at Rochelle] through which it was impossible to break. 1689Luttrell Brief Rel. I. 549 The Irish had laid a great chain with a boom acrosse the river. 1702W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant x. 37 Anciently a Chain or Bomb lay across from Castle to Castle, to prevent the passing of Ships. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789). 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii, Large pieces of fir wood strongly bound together, formed a boom which was more than a quarter of a mile in length.
b. pl. The floating timbers placed between portions of the lines of piles marking the regatta course at Henley-on-Thames, to prevent the encroachment of boats during a race.
1899Daily News 5 July 4/7 It will be impossible to pronounce definitely on the success of the booms until the regatta is in full swing. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 306/2.
4. a. In the American lumber-trade: A line of floating timber stretched across a river or round an area of water to retain floating logs.
1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. vii. (1852) App. 592 She stole along by the river side, until she came to a boom, where she passed over. 1829D. Conway Norway, &c. 190 The booms that are placed across the stream nearer its mouth. 1848Thoreau Maine W. i. (1864) 32 Showing no traces of man but some low boom in a distant cove reserved for spring use. 1865― Cape Cod. vi. 105 The inhabitants visit the beach to see what they have caught as regularly as..a lumberer his boom. 1884S. E. Dawson Hand-bk. Canada 20.
b. fender boom, glancing boom, or sheer boom, a boom erected to guide logs in the desired direction. U.S.
1896U.S. Monthly Weather Rev. Nov. 407 (Cent. Dict. Suppl.), The driving of piles..to hold a sheer boom for the purpose of running the logs.
5. Comb., as boom boat, boom-chain, boom fence, boom log, boom-man, boom-stick, boom timber, etc. (sense 4); boom-boat, a boat stowed on the booms (see 1 b); boom-brace pendant, ‘a rope attached to the extremity of a studding-sail boom, used to counteract the pressure of the sail upon the boom’ (Smyth); boom-cover, a cover for the spars when stowed on deck; boom end v. trans., to run out a boom or spar at the end of a yard so as to extend the foot of a sail; boom-ended a., having the studding-sail booms rigged in, so that their ends do not project beyond the yard-arms; boom-iron, an iron ring fitted on the yard-arm, through which the studding-sail boom slides when rigged out or in; a similar ring by which the flying jib-boom is secured to the jib-boom, or this to the bowsprit; boom-jigger, a tackle for rigging the top-mast studding-sail booms out or in; boom mat (cf. mat n.1 4); boom net, a fishing-net connected with a boom; boom-sail, a sail (foresail or mainsail) which is set to a boom instead of to a yard (opposed to square foresail or mainsail); boom-sheet, a sheet fastened to a boom; boom-spar, see bomespar.
1966Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. June 214/3 Log booms, loose logs, and *boom boats were swept out of the bay. 1969Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 7 Sept. 10/2 Mainland Prince had been en route up coast to pick up a tow, with a boom boat tied astern.
1883J. Fraser Shanty, Forest, & River Life 281 The first business of the drive is to..confine them there by long half-square logs called ‘boom timber’, fastened at the ends by ‘*boom chains’. 1969Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 31 Aug. 16/3 He was an excellent swimmer but was carrying boom chains around his shoulders as he went out on the booms.
1890Clark Russell Ocean Trag. I. viii. 164 Then *boom-ending her fore-topmast studdingsail she backed her main topsail.
1840R. Dana Bef. Mast. xxvii. 90 The studding-sail halyards were let go, and the yards *boom-ended.
1848Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) 42 Surrounded by a *boom fence of floating logs.
1881Daily Tel. 28 Jan., The propeller is fast taking the place of the old *boom-foresail.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) *Boom-iron..is employed to connect two cylindrical pieces of wood together, when the one is used as a continuation of the other. 1829Marryat F. Mildmay viii, A tail block was attached to the boom-iron, at the outer extremity of each fore-yard-arm.
1945Reader's Digest Aug. 86 He and Dad are looking for *boom logs.
1829Marryat F. Mildway xx, She had a square mainsail, *boom mainsail, and jib.
1908M. A. Grainger Woodsmen of West 28 The work for a practised *boom-man, was now to take a long, light pole, and jumping upon a floating log, to stand upon the log and pole it into the boom-stick enclosure.
1883Man. Seamanship Boys' Training Ships 182 In making a heavy *boom mat a fiddle is used instead of a loom.
1925Glasgow Herald 25 Aug. 5 The relationships of the young year classes caught by *boom-net and seine-net to the mature herring in the drift-net fishery.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) Chandeliers..the crutches fixed on the stern or quarter of a *boom-sail vessel.
1836Marryat Pirate viii, Ease off the *boom sheet.
1850S. Judd R. Edney xvi. 207 They found Chuk in trouble; his guys had parted, and his *boom-sticks were broken. 1879Lumberman's Gaz. 18 June 6 It shall be unlawful for any person other than the owner thereof..to take possession of..any log, spar, boomstick, etc...in any waters in this State [Michigan].
1883*Boom timber [see boom chain above].
▪ III. boom, n.3 orig. U.S.|buːm|
[This and its verb (boom v.3) have arisen recently in U.S.: it is not clear whether the vb. is from the n., or conversely. The actual origin is also a matter of conjecture; probably, it consisted in a particular application of boom n.1 and its vb., with reference not so much to the sound, as to the suddenness and rush, with which it is accompanied. Cf. esp. boom v.1 1 c., and 2. But association, original or subsequent, with other senses of boom, is also possible, and the actual use of the word has not been regulated by any distinct etymological feeling, so that no derivation will account for all its applications.]
1. a. A start of commercial activity, as when a new book, the shares of a commercial undertaking, or the like ‘go off’ with a ‘boom’; a rapid advance in prices; a sudden bound of activity in any business or speculation.
1879Lumberman's Gaz. 19 Dec., There has not been the boom upon lumber experienced in many other articles of merchandise. 1880World 3 Nov. 5 The election of the American President is expected to be followed by a ‘boom’ that will take up prices. 1884St. James's G. 26 Jan. 4/1 With the revival of prosperity in the United States the great boom in railway properties set in. 1884Times 28 Nov. 4 Building ‘Boom’ in the United States. 1884Marston Frank's Ranche 36 One railroad spoils a town, two bring it to par again, and three make a ‘boom’. 1911E. M. Clowes On Wallaby ii. 31 The Land Boom—‘the Boom’, as it is always called..had a most potentially humanizing effect on the people. 1936M. Plowman Faith called Pacifism 28 The people of this country were enjoying a post-war boom. 1955Bull. Atomic Sci. Mar. 88/2 Thus the uranium boom began. 1966Economist 19 Nov. 778 The country is in boom and therefore deficit.
b. Phr. boom and (or) bust: a period of great prosperity followed by a severe depression. orig. U.S.
1943H. S. Canby Walt Whitman iii. 18 The building trade, as usual, suffered from boom-and-bust. 1947D. Riesman in Yale Law Jrnl. Dec. 194 The luxury market would be..entitled..to its privilege of boom and bust. 1962Times Lit. Suppl. 13 July 502/1 Cataclysmic alternatives—destruction or utopia, boom or bust.
2. The effective launching of anything with éclat upon the market, or upon public attention; an impetus given to any movement, or enterprise; the vigorous ‘running’ or writing-up of a candidate for an election; a vigorously worked movement in favour of a candidate or ‘cause’.
1879Sala in Daily Tel. 26 Dec., The Grant ‘Boom’ may be succeeded by the Sherman ‘Boom’. 1884Reading Morn. Herald 15 Apr., Blaine's book was issued..just at the critical moment in his boom for the Presidency. 1884Lisbon (Dakota) Star 10 Oct., How Electioneering Booms are Worked Up by the Faithful.
3. attrib., as boom city, town, one that owes its origin, growth, or prosperity to a boom in a particular trade, mining, etc.
1886Leslie's Pop. Monthly XXI. 306/1 Cities..whose inhabitants had yet to be gathered in from the four corners of the earth by boom magic. 1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 23 The old town of San Juan Capistrano I found had been divided in the ‘boom’ times. 1896Chautauquan XXIII. 219/1 Who first began to talk about..‘boom’ towns? 1904Philad. Public Ledger 14 June 6 No ‘boom city’ of the West can boast such a record of amazing..growth. 1944J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. xiii. 138 The boom period in 1928. 1955Times 20 May 14/1 Some call Wolverhampton a ‘boom town’. There are full employment, high wages, and no industrial unrest. 1969Scotsman 25 Apr. 9/3 The country's two boom areas—the South-east of England and West Midlands.
▪ IV. boom, v.1|buːm|
Forms: 5 bombon, bummyn, bumbyn, bome, 6 bomme, 7– bomb, (9 bome), 8– boom.
[Of imitative origin; whether original in Eng. it is impossible to determine; cf. Ger. bummen, Du. bommen, of similar meaning, ODu. bom a drum; also bomb, which in its origin is closely allied. The development of sense 2 is not quite clear; it may be a different word.
But in Sc., the equivalent ‘bum’ is used both of the hum of bees, etc., of the sound of a passing shot or stone, and of the rushing motion of a stone or the like, as ‘to bum stones at any one’, to kick an object and ‘send it bumming (i.e. spinning) away’.]
1. intr. To hum or buzz, as a bee or beetle; to make a loud, deep sound with much resonance, as a cannon, a large bell, the waves of the sea, etc.; also the usual word to express the cry of the bittern.
c1440Promp. Parv. 55 Bombon as been [K., H., 1499 bummyn or bumbyn], bombizo. 1653Palsgr. 460/1 This waspe bommeth about myne eare. 1713Young Last Day i. 27 Booming o'er his head The billows close. 1815Hogg Pilgrims of Sun ii. Poems (1822) II. 48 Swift as the wild-bee's note, that on the wing Bombs like unbodied voice along the gale. 1840Barham Ingol. Leg. 407 Unless I get home, Ere the curfew bome. 1865M. E. Braddon Only a Clod xxxvii. 303 All the machinery in London seemed buzzing and booming in her ears. 1879Farrar St. Paul II. 44 The bittern booms amid its pestilent and stagnant marshes.
b. trans. Usually with out. To give forth or utter with a booming sound.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. vi. vi. 354 Saint-Antoine booming out eloquent tocsin, of its own accord. 1870M. Bridgman R. Lynne I. xvii. 303 The..clock boomed out twelve.
c. In Curling, etc.: To move rapidly onward with booming sound. Cf. bum v. Sc.
a1835Hogg in Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. iii. 34 We'd boom across the Milky Way, One tee should be the Northern Wain, Another bright Orion's ray, A comet for a Channel Stane!
2. intr. ‘To rush with violence; as a ship is said to come booming, when she makes all the sail she can’ (Phillips 1706, whence in J. etc.).
1617Fight at Sea in Arb. Garner II. 200 The first of them booming by himself before the wind. 1706Phillips. 1876C. D. Warner Winter on Nile x. 130 We are booming along all night. 1879Lumberman's Gaz. 19 Dec., The three drives..with plenty of water come booming along at a most lively rate.
▪ V. boom, v.2|buːm|
[f. boom n.2; in sense 1 b app. directly from Du. boomen ‘to push with a pole’, as the n. appears not to be used in this sense. Cf. bolm.]
1. Naut. (trans.)
a. to boom out: to extend (the foot of a sail) with a boom.
b. to boom off: to push (a vessel) off with a pole.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ix. 41 With a Boome boome it out. 1840Marryat Poor Jack xxxv, We boomed her off from the Wharf. 1857S. Osborn Quedah vi. 72 Our sails being at the time boomed out.
2. a. To furnish (a river or piece of water) with a boom to retain floating timber; to collect (logs or timber) in a boom. N. Amer. See boom n.2 4.
1879Lumberman's Gaz. 1 Oct., Numerous lakes communicating with the main Slough have been boomed.
b. To protect (a regatta course) from encroachment by pleasure boats during a race, by placing floating booms (boom n.2 3 b) between the piles. Also with off.
1899Daily News 29 Apr. 7/3 It is proposed to ‘boom’ the whole length of the course along the Bucks side and for some distance on the Berks side. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 306/2 This proposal to boom off the [regatta] course was very severely criticized.
3. Cf. booming vbl. n. 2.
▪ VI. boom, v.3 orig. U.S.|buːm|
[see boom n.3]
1. intr. to ‘go off’ with a ‘boom’; to burst into sudden activity or briskness; to make rapid (commercial) progress, to advance vigorously.
1871‘Mark Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 55 My popularity is booming, now. 1875Scribner's Mag. July 272 Stocks may ‘boom’ to-day, but droop to-morrow. 1879Lumberman's Gaz. 15 Oct., Every one says business is booming. 1882Century Mag. XXV. 101 The gay, storm-beleaguered camp, in the words of its exhibitory press, began to boom. 1883Leis. Ho. 283/2 This metropolis..has boomed into something highly commonplace and respectable.
2. trans. To give a ‘boom’ to; to push, puff, force upon public attention, ‘write up’. Also absol. To work up a ‘boom’.
1879Indianapolis Jrnl. 23 Apr., The rest are in varying degrees positive, if not ‘all ‘booming’ for U. S. Grant’. 1882Century Mag. XXIV. 506 To ‘boom’ a town in Dakota is an art requiring..no end of push and cheek..Fargo is said to be the best-boomed town in Dakota. 1884Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 22 Nov. 2/4 The World is booming Mr. Conkling for United States Senator. 1891Confectioners' Union 15 Aug. 451/1 Messrs. J. S. Fry..are booming their manufactures in a novel way. 1894Country Gentlemen's Catal. 15/1 If..cider [were] properly ‘boomed’, the consumption of it might be vastly increased. 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 27 Oct. 10/1 He says the country was boomed out of all reason, and is now suffering from an inevitable reaction. 1915W. Owen Let. 5 Mar. (1967) 325 My prime object is not..to boom a monster business. 1926Spectator 30 Oct. 752/2 Dreyer's ‘diaplytes’, most deplorably boomed here, with official support. 1966New Statesman 25 Mar. 414/2 One minor political figure in Alabama, a certain Shorty Price, decided to boom his own wife for governor.
▪ VII. boom, boomb
obs. forms of bomb. |