| 释义 |
Saturn|ˈsætən|
Forms: 1–6 Saturnus (1 genit. Saturnes); 5 Satourn, 5–7 Saturne, 7– Saturn.
[ad. L. Sāturnus, perh. f. the root sā̆- to sow.]
1. Mythol. An Italic god, in the original native religion the god of agriculture, but in classical times identified with the Greek Cronos, who was deposed from the sovereignty of the gods by his son Zeus (Jupiter).
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxv. §4 Iob Saturnes sunu. Ibid. xxxviii. §1 Þa sceolde þæs Iobes fæder bion eac god; þæs nama wæs Saturnus. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xii. (1495) 318 Saturnus hath that name of saturando, makynge fulnesse and plente. 1508Dunbar Ballad Ld. B. Stewart 75 Saturnus doune, withe fyry eyn, did blent. 1513Douglas æneis viii. vi. 39 By quham the land of Saturn, war and wys, Hes left and changit his auld name oft sys. c1600Shakes. Sonn. xcviii. 4 When proud pide Aprill..Hath put a spirit of youth in euery thing: That heauie Saturne laught and leapt with him. 1667Milton P.L. i. 519 Or who with Saturn old Fled over Adria to th' Hesperian fields. 1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. iv. 33 Then Saturn, from whose throne Time fell.
2. Astr. The most remote of the seven planets known to ancient astronomy. In OE. also † Saturnes steorra.
Saturn is now known to be the sixth planet in distance from the sun. It is surrounded by several thousand rings, composed of small icy particles and occupying a wide band of orbits, and has at least fifteen moons.
In Astrol., on account of its remoteness and slowness of motion, Saturn was supposed to cause coldness, sluggishness, and gloominess of temperament in those born under its influence, and in general to have a baleful effect on human affairs.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxvi. §3 Siððan to þan cealdan stiorran þe we hatað Saturnes steorra. Ibid. xxxix. §3 Saturnus se steorra. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xii. (1495) 319 Though Saturnus be kyndly leeddy by clerenesse of Iubiter whan he is coniunct with hym he is made white and bright. c1400Treat. Astron. 6 (MS. Bodl. Add. B. 17), A Saturne is a planete maliuole and wycked. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 197 Satourn disposith to malencolye. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. iii. 31 Though Venus gouerne your desires, Saturne is Dominator ouer mine. 1640Howell Dodona's Gr. (1645) 107 Saturne that dull and malevolent planet. 1741Watts Improv. Mind i. xvi. §2 Inform them that Saturn has five moons of the same kind attending him. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 634 The moons of Jove, and Saturn's belted ball. 1832Tennyson Pal. Art iv, Still as, while Saturn whirls, his stedfast shade Sleeps on his luminous ring. 1875Encycl. Brit. II. 811/1 Saturn is the largest planet but one of the solar system. 1964R. H. Baker Astronomy (ed. 8) viii. 225 Saturn is encircled by three concentric rings... There is no gap between the bright ring and the crape ring. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVI. 274/2 Saturn has ten satellites... Janus, the most elusive and closest to the planet, was found by A. Dollfus in 1966.
3. a. Alch. The technical name for lead.
† salt, extract of Saturn: lead acetate, sugar of lead. † spirit of Saturn: app. impure acetic acid distilled from sugar of lead.
c1386[see Jupiter 2 b]. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. iii. vii. in Ashm. (1652) 140 For sum men can wyth Saturne it multeply. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 89 To congeale Mercurie with the spirit of Saturne. 1651French Distill. iii. 73 Take of the Calx of Saturn, or else Minium. 1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. i. ii. (1713) 66/1 This Spirit of Saturn, drawn from its Salt, is an inflamable Liquor, and is thus made: ℞Salt of Saturn, so much as may fill your Glass or Earthen Retort two Thirds full; put it into a Furnace [etc.]. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Salt of Saturn, otherwise call'd Saccharum Saturni, or Sugar of Lead, is the Body of that Metal, open'd and reduc'd to the form of a Salt, by Distilled Vinegar. 1727–51[see balsam n. 2 b]. 1758[see Jupiter 2 b]. 1829Glover's Hist. Derby I. 32 It..is said to have this effect, as soon, and completely, as extract of Saturn.
allusively.1797W. Johnston tr. Beckmann's Invent. I. 398 One may justly doubt whether, at present, Mars, Venus, or Saturn, is most destructive to the human race.
b. Comb. † Saturn cinnabar (Syd. Soc. Lex.), † Saturn red (in recent Dicts.), names for red lead; Saturn's tree [tr. med.L. arbor Saturni], a lead tree (in recent Dicts.).
4. Her. The tincture sable, in blazoning by the names of heavenly bodies.
1572[see Jupiter 2 c]. 1572[see Mars 2 c]. |