| 释义 |
▪ I. puncture, n.|ˈpʌŋktjʊə(r)|
[ad. L. punctūra prick, puncture (Celsus), f. punct-, ppl. stem of pungĕre to prick: see -ure.]
1. a. An act, or the action, of pricking; a prick; perforation with a sharp-pointed instrument or object; in more recent use spec. an accidental perforation of a pneumatic tyre, as of a bicycle.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 16 If þat he be woundid in þe heed eiþer haue ony puncture of ony senewe. 1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. iii. 98 The pressure of my haires, or the puncture of my heart, stands at the seruice of your sollide perfections. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. iii. 75 The Loadstone of Laurentius Guascus, wherewith..whatsoever needles..were touched, the wounds and punctures made thereby, were never felt. 1765Chron. in Ann. Reg. 157 The king of Denmark,..afflicted with a dropsical disorder, underwent..the operation of the puncture. 1846Landor Imag. Conv. Ser. v. xxiii, A slight puncture will let out all the wind in the bladders. 1872Yeats Tech. Hist. Comm. 153 The galls were the produce of the puncture of an insect. 1893Cycling 28 Jan. 48/3 The specially thick outer cover renders burst or puncture practically impossible.
b. fig. A ‘pricking’.
1660Jer. Taylor Worthy Commun. ii. ii. 132 Although he feels no sensual punctures and natural sharpnesses of desire. 1780S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett (ed. 4) III. 114 Henry felt the puncture of a want which even Emma could not accommodate.
†c. A sensation of pricking; a pricking pain. Obs.
1709Steele Tatler No. 36 ⁋4 Our Africanus lives in the continual Puncture of aching Bones and poisoned Juices.
2. a. A mark, hole, or wound made by pricking.
1565J. Halle tr. Lanfranc's Cirurg. 4 If there be any Puncture in the sinewes. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xii. 251 The female Aspe hath foure, but the male two teeth, whereby it left this impression, or double puncture behinde it. 1777G. Forster Voy. round World I. 391 His corpulence, his colour, and his punctures [tattoo-marks]..were very distinguishing marks of his rank. 1821Craig in Lect. Drawing vii. 398 Making new scratches or punctures with the etching-needle. 1896Daily News 27 June 8/4 The cyclist wrestling with a compound puncture and a refractory lamp.
†b. Bot. A prickly point on a surface. Obs.
1776J. Lee Introd. Bot. Explan. Terms 385 Scabrum, rough, covered with rigid Punctures raised above the Surface.
c. Zool. A minute rounded pit or depression in a surface, as if made by pricking: cf. punctum 4.
1890in Cent. Dict.
†3. The pricking part, the point. Obs. rare—1.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 17 b/2 A hollowe knife... The puncture or poyncte of the same.
4. attrib. and Comb. (chiefly in reference to pneumatic tyres, or to surgery). Also puncture mark, a mark made by a needle point, esp. in the injection of drugs.
1893Cycling 15 July 445/3 The Puncture-Proof Pneumatic Company's trade-mark. Ibid. 448/2 By all means have puncture proof tubes. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 160 The study of puncture pyrexia [i.e. pyrexia produced by puncture of certain portions of the cerebral cortex]. 1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 Aug. 377 The puncture needle is then passed through the skin. 1907Daily Chron. 12 Oct. 9/4 As an outcome of the plethora of cheap tyres attention has been re-directed towards puncture-preventing devices. 1927D. L. Sayers Unnatural Death xxiii. 274 Will you go down to the mortuary again and see if you can find any puncture mark on the body. 1935A. Christie Death in Clouds ii. 23 There was a minute puncture mark on the side of her throat. 1957D. du Maurier Scapegoat xxi. 280 The sleeve of her black wool coat fell back, showing the puncture marks between wrist and forearm. 1974D. Ramsay No Cause to Kill i. 13 She wasn't mainlining, but there's a mark on her arm that could be a puncture mark.
Hence ˈpunctureless a., free from punctures; that cannot be punctured.
1890Cent. Dict., Punctureless, in entom., without punctures; smooth. 1896Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 7 May 7/5 He rides a peculiar wheel with punctureless tyre.
▪ II. ˈpuncture, v.
[f. prec. n.]
1. a. trans. To subject to puncture; to pierce with a sharp point; to prick; to perforate: esp. in Surgery. Also said of the instrument.
1699Garth Dispens. v. 350 With that he drew a lancet in his rage, To puncture the still supplicating sage. 1793Weldon (title) On puncturing the bladder. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 112 When a large artery is only punctured, and not completely cut through. 1896Daily News 4 Dec. 2/1, I punctured the tire within one mile of the start.
b. spec. To mark (the skin) with punctures; to tattoo.
1784Cook's Voy. II. ix. 176 They differ in being of a darker colour, with a fiercer aspect, and differently punctured. 1848Lytton Harold vi. vi, His bare, brawny throat was punctured with sundry devices. 1859J. C. Curtis Hist. Eng. (1874) 5 All the Britons punctured their bodies.
c. Nat. Hist. To mark with spots or dots resembling punctures: chiefly in pa. pple.
1847[see puncturing below]. 1860Hartwig Sea & Wond. vi. 82 The Narwal..is of a grey-white colour, punctured with many white spots.
d. fig. To ‘prick’.
1896Nation (N.Y.) 25 June 497/2 A few of the fallacies..which Prof. Nicholson punctures. 1908Hibbert Jrnl. Apr. 633 [He] may..touch [him]..with satire and even puncture him with epithet. 1927Scribner's Mag. Apr. 450b/2 There is certain value in puncturing the Washington myth which the school histories used to teach. 1974Economist 7 Sept. 16 It is time to puncture the continuing Greek accusation.
e. To punctuate or intersperse.
1899C. M. M. Sheldon His Brother's Keeper xi. 249 The major..made a rattling speech, punctured with frequent amens and hallelujahs from the rest of the army.
2. To make (a hole, etc.) by pricking.
1831,1865[see punctured 2]. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 701 If a hole is punctured by a fine needle in the bladder.
3. pass. and intr. or absol. To get a puncture: said of a pneumatic tyre, or transf. of the cycle or rider. colloq. Now rare.
1893Cycling 15 Apr. 226/3 It was agreed that whoever punctured stood drinks round. Ibid. 1 July 401 I'm punctured! Have you got a repairing outfit? 1896Westm. Gaz. 24 Apr. 3/2 During the last few years I have only punctured twice on the road. 1975Country Life 4 Dec. 1529/2 Many cars suffered... Cowan punctured and spun.
Hence ˈpuncturing vbl. n. (in quot., marking as with punctures, punctation), and ppl. a.
1847Hardy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. 5. 238 Variable..in the more or less frequent puncturing of the thorax. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 385 Keeping up a little pressure on the wound after the puncturing instrument has been withdrawn. |