| 释义 |
▪ I. bloody, a. and adv.|ˈblʌdɪ|
Forms: 1 blódiᵹ, 3–4 blodi, 3–7 blody, (4 blode, bloide), 6 blouddie, bluddie, -y, 6–7 bloudie, -y, bloodie, 6– bloody. Sc. 5 bludy, 6 bludie, 8–9 bluidie, -y.
[Com. Teut.: OE. blódiᵹ = OFris. blodich, OS. blôdag, -ig (Du. bloedig), OHG. bluotag (MHG. bluotec, mod.Ger. blutig), ON. blóðug-r, -ig-r:—OTeut. *blôđago-z: see blood and -y.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of the nature of, composed of, or like blood.
a1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker Voc. 113 Dissenteria, blodiᵹ utsiht. a1240Lofsong in Lamb. Hom. 207 Bi his blodie swote..Bi his blodi Rune þet ron inne monie studen. c1440Promp. Parv. 40 Blody, sanguinolentus. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 260 In great agony he swet blody droppes. 1815Encycl. Brit. (ed. 5) III. 461 Some authors speak of bloody baths..prepared especially of the blood of infants. 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxlii, Here, where Murder breathed her bloody steam. 1875B. Richardson Dis. Mod. Life 15 The phenomenon called, in early times, ‘bloody sweat,’ has been disputed.
b. Pertaining or relating to the blood.
1716M. Davies Dissert. Physick 4 in Athen. Brit. III, Cæsalpinus had a proper Opportunity to speak at large of that Bloody discovery [i.e. of the circulation of the blood].
2. a. Covered, smeared, stained, with blood; bleeding.
a1117O.E. Chron., Wearð se mona lange nihtes swylce he eall blodiᵹ wære. 1297R. Glouc. 311 Here ys þat knyf al blody. a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 85 His bludy woundes was reuthe to see. 1530–1Act 22 Hen. VIII, xii, To be beten with whippes..tyll his body be blody. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. v. 71 My Teares shall wipe away these bloody markes. 1656H. More Antid. Ath. iii. ix. (1662) 117 Dirty bloody spots. 1757Gray Bard i. iii. 48 Weave with bloody hands the tissue of thy line. 1800Windham Sp. Parl. (1812) I. 336 That scuffle, amongst Englishmen, would have terminated in a black eye or a bloody nose.
b. bloody grave: the grave of one who has died by bloodshed. † bloody hand, in Forest-law (see quot.; cf. red-handed); in Heraldry, the armorial device of Ulster, derived from the O'Neils; hence borne by baronets.
1800Scott Eve St. John xli, By Eildon tree, for long nights three, In bloody grave have I lain. 1885Sat. Rev. 25 Apr. 525/2 Gordon sleeps in his bloody grave.
1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest xviii. §9 Bloudy hand is, where a man is found coursing in the Forest..and is any manner of way imbrewed with bloud, or, that is found imbrewed with bloud..in the Forest, although he be not found Hunting or coursing there. 1727–51Chambers Cycl., Bloody Hand, one of the four kinds of trespasses in the king's forest. 1835Marryat Pacha i, The bloody hand in the dexter chief of a baronet. 1852Househ. Words V. 8 One sunbeam, coming through a grimed window, and illuminating a bloody hand. There had been a murder done there. 1874Student's Hume xx. 367 Hence baronets bear on their shields the arms of Ulster, a bloody hand.
3. Of animals, or parts of their bodies: Having blood in the veins; containing blood. arch. or Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. cviii. (1495) 850 In all beestes that haue blody lounges is a bledder. 1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 210 Slaues, that take [Kings] humors for a warrant, To breake within the bloody house of life. 1607Topsell Serpents 597 A Serpent [is]..a Bloudy Beast without feet. 1818Art Preserv. Feet 53 The bloody corn..is apt to yield blood on the first touch of the knife.
4. a. Accompanied by or involving the flowing or spilling of blood.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1388 Or hadde in armys manye a blodi box. 1530Palsgr. 199/1 Blody mensyn sickenesse. 1605Shakes. Macb. ii. iv. 23 Is't known who did this more then bloody deed? c1620Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 155 Our bloody blowes assuredly he feeles. 1828Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 94 Their bloody idolatry, and stormful untutored energy. 1853Kingsley Hypatia xxi, I have offered for years the unbloody sacrifice to Him who will perhaps require of me a bloody one.
b. esp. Attended with much bloodshed and slaughter; sanguinary.
1593Bilson Govt. Christ's Ch. 306 The bloudie stormes of tyrants. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xlviii. §10 A bitter and a bloody conflict. 1678N. Wanley Wonders v. i. §102 That long and bloody War in the Empire of Germany. 1711Addison Spect. No. 70 ⁋4 The Poet..describes a bloody Battle and dreadful Scene of Death. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 227 The most bloody day of the whole war.
5. Of thoughts, words, etc.: Concerned with, portending, decreeing bloodshed.
a1225Ancr. R. 288 Ruben, þu read þeof, þu blodi delit. c1300Beket 537 Alto blodi was that word: and deore it was i-bouȝt. c1384Chaucer H. Fame 1239 That maken blody soun In trumpe, beme, and claryoun. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. Pref., Without hearyng the cause bloody sentences are pronounced against it. 1610Shakes. Temp. iv. i. 220, I do begin to haue bloody thoughts. 1766Porny Heraldry iii. (1777) 23 A print of the bloody Warrant for the execution of K. Charles I.
6. Addicted to bloodshed, blood-thirsty, cruel; tainted with crimes of blood, blood-guilty.
1563Bp. Bonner in Foxe A. & M. 1254/2 They reporte me to seek bloud, and call me bloudye Boner. c1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 179 Howe the blouddie Papistes murther and slaughter in all places rounde aboute vs our poore brethren. 1611Bible Ps. v. 6 The Lord will abhorre the bloodie and deceitfull man. 1681Addr. fr. Radnor in Lond. Gaz. No. 1671/4 The Factious Schismaticks, and Bloody Romanists. 1795Windham Speeches Parl. (1812) I. 278 The administration of the bloody Robespierre. 1853Dickens Child's Hist. Eng. xxx, As Bloody Queen Mary, this woman has become famous, and as Bloody Queen Mary, she will ever be remembered with horror and detestation. 1862Sat. Rev. 8 Feb. 154 Our native bloody villains.
7. Of the colour of blood, blood-red.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. iv, 61 Yorke. Now Somerset, where is your argument? Som. Here in my Scabbard..that Shall dye your white Rose in a bloody red. 1671Lond. Gaz. No. 627/4 A Bloody Bay Gelding,..was stollen out of Stamford Fields. 1755Gentl. Mag. XXV. 280 Near the spot where this accident happened, an anchor was immediately dropped, and a red buoy (called the bloody buoy) fixed to it. 1798Coleridge Anc. Mar. ii. vii, The bloody sun at noon, Right up above the mast did stand. 1823Lockhart Sp. Ballads, Moor Cal. iv, His banner..Whereon revealed his bloody field its pale and crescent moon.
†8. Allied by blood. (In Langland, with fig. reference to the blood of Christ.) Obs.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 196 Heo beoþ my blodi breþeren, for god bouȝte vs all. [Also B. vi. 10; xi. 195; C. ix. 17.]
9. dial. Of good blood, well descended.
1877Peacock Linc. Gloss. (E.D.S.), He comes of a bloody stock; that's why he's good to poor folks.
10. a. In foul language, a vague epithet expressing anger, resentment, detestation; but often a mere intensive, esp. with a negative, as ‘not a bloody one’. [Prob. from the adv. use in its later phase.]
1785Fifth Session Old Bailey May 722/1 The prisoner Fennell swore an oath, if he had a knife he would cut his bloody fingers off. 1840R. Dana Bef. Mast ii. 2 You'll find me a bloody rascal. Ibid. xx. 61 They've got a man for a mate of that ship, and not a bloody sheep about decks! 1880Ruskin Fiction Fair & F. §29 The use of the word ‘bloody’ in modern low English is a deeper corruption, not altering the form of the word, but defiling the thought in it. 1950Landfall IV. 23 You mind your own bloody business. 1950G. Wilson Brave Company v. 83 Thrilling? Hell's bloody bells!
b. Bad, unpleasant, deplorable; perverse. Cf. bloody-minded a. 2. Hence as n., an unpleasant person.
1934Neuphilologische Mitteilungen XXXV. 129 Modern slang (e.g. bloody as in Jones is bloody ‘Jones is objectionable’, [etc.]). 1936R. Lehmann Weather in Streets ii. 48 He developed my nastiness from a mere seed into a great jungle. He made me so mean and bloody... Well, I just am a bloody character, I suppose. 1939R. W. Chambers Man's Unconquerable Mind xii. 391 ‘It's bloody,’ I said. ‘To call it bloody,’ Ker replied, slowly and sadly, ‘is fulsome flattery.’ 1954A. Heckstall-Smith Eighteen Months xiii. 164 Why go out of your way to be bloody about Archie when I'm trying to help him? 1960D. Potter Glittering Coffin vii. 106 A few bloodys were provoked into their usual braying. 196020th Cent. Nov. 492 The new generation of college bloodies out on the cobbles.
B. adv.
†1. Bloodily; with blood. Obs.
c1400Destr. Troy 10424 Buernes on þe bent blody beronen.
2. As an intensive: Very....and no mistake, exceedingly; abominably, desperately. In general colloquial use from the Restoration to c 1750; ‘now constantly in the mouths of the lowest classes, but by respectable people considered ‘a horrid word’, on a par with obscene or profane language, and usually printed in the newspapers (in police reports, etc.) ‘b―y’’. N.E.D. Also in tmesis.[The origin is not quite certain; but there is good reason to think that it was at first a reference to the habits of the ‘bloods’ or aristocratic rowdies of the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th c. The phrase ‘bloody drunk’ was apparently = ‘as drunk as a blood’ (cf. ‘as drunk as a lord’); thence it was extended to kindred expressions, and at length to others; probably, in later times, its associations with bloodshed and murder (cf. a bloody battle, a bloody butcher) have recommended it to the rough classes as a word that appeals to their imagination. We may compare the prevalent craving for impressive or graphic intensives, seen in the use of jolly, awfully, terribly, devilish, deuced, damned, ripping, rattling, thumping, stunning, thundering, etc. There is no ground for the notion that ‘bloody’, offensive as from associations it now is to ears polite, contains any profane allusion or has connexion with the oath ‘'s blood!’] 1676G. Etherege Man of Mode i. i. (1684) 9 Not without he will promise to be bloody drunk. 1684Dryden Prol. Southerne's Disappointm. 59 The doughty Bullies enter bloody drunk. 1693Southerne Maid's last Pr. ii. ii. 31 Faith and troth, you were bloody angry. Ibid. iii. i. 38 She took it bloody ill of him. 1727Swift Poison. E. Curll Wks. 1755 III. i. 149 His wife..said, ‘Are you not sick, my dear?’ He replied ‘Bloody sick.’ 1742Richardson Pamela III. 405 He is bloody passionate. I saw that at the Hall. 1743Fielding Wed. Day iii. vi, This is a bloody positive old fellow. 1753Foote Eng. in Paris ii. (1763) 29 She's a bloody fine Girl. 1801M. Edgeworth Belinda I. vii. 208 Sir Philip writes a bloody bad hand. 1914Shaw Pygmalion 111, Liza. Walk! Not bloody likely. (Sensation). I am going in a taxi. 1923J. Manchon Le Slang 65 Half bloody dead{ddd}stoney bloody broke..like any-bloody-thing..a handi-bloody-cap..hoorah! hoo-bloody-rah! 1935Abso-bloody-lutely [see absolutely adv. ¶ ]. 1937‘J. Bell’ Murder in Hospital viii. 156 I've always thought her a bloody awful great brute. 1951E. Taylor Game of Hide-and-Seek i. iii. 61 Serve them bloody right. 1953― Sleeping Beauty ix. 156 You bloody know you didn't. 1963L. Meynell Virgin Luck v. 101 Remember the News Chronicle?.. On sale one day. Amalga-bloody-mated the next.
C. In combination.
1. Obvious combinations, as bloody-black; chiefly parasynthetic, as bloody-backed, bloody-eyed, bloody-faced, bloody-handed, bloody-hearted, bloody-sceptred, bloody-minded, with their derivatives, as bloody-mindedness; also others somewhat analogous, as bloody-intended having bloody intentions; or adverbial, as † bloody-crying (crying for blood); † bloody-hunting (hunting for blood).
1824Scott Redgauntlet ch. xv, They have the *bloody-backed dragoons..with them.
1772Cullum in Phil. Trans. LXII. 466 Half a pint of a *bloody-black water in the thorax.
a1617Hieron Wks. II. 317 They are all *bloudy-crying-sinnes, and such as to which belongs an especiall wo.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, i. iii. 22 In a Theame so *bloody fac'd, as this.
1821Byron Sardan. iv. i. 115 A..bloody-eyed, And *bloody-handed, ghastly, ghostly thing.
1654Gataker Disc. Apol. 91 How poor a curb..to keep men from being *bloodie-hearted, and bloodie-handed.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. iii. 41 Herods *bloody-hunting slaughter-men. 1606Bk. Com. Prayer, Prayer 5th Nov., The most traiterous and *bloody-intended Massacre by Gun⁓powder.
1605Shakes. Macb. iv. iii. 104 O Nation miserable! With an untitled Tyrant, *bloody Sceptred.
2. a. Special combinations: bloody back U.S. slang, a contemptuous name for a British soldier (Obs. exc. Hist.); cf. bloody-backed, lobster1 3 a, redcoat 1 a; † bloody fall, an ailment of the feet similar to chilblains; † bloody flux (formerly flix), dysentery; hence bloody-fluxed a.; Bloody Mary, a drink containing vodka and tomato juice; bloody nose beetle, the popular name of Timarcha (see quot.); also bloody-nosed beetle; † bloody-water, a disease, hæmaturia.
1770Mass. Gazette Extraord. 21 June 2/2 You Rascals, you *bloody Backs, you Lobster Scoundrels; fire if you dare. 1962Times 24 Apr. 12/7 We dislike hearing the Mall echo to the notes that ‘bloodybacks’ heard.
1601Holland Pliny II. 76 The angry chilblanes and *bloudy-fals that trouble the feet in the night season.
1473J. Warkworth Chron. (1839) 23 Unyversalle feveres, axes, and the *blody flyx. 1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 441 Bloudy fluxe. 1611Bible Acts xxviii. 8 The father of Publius lay sicke of a feuer and of a bloody-flixe. 1706tr. Lemery's Treat. Foods ii. vi. 161 They make use of its [the sheep's] suet inwardly taken to stop the Bloody-flux.
1615Bp. Hall Contempl. N.T. iv. iii, It was free and safe for the leper and *bloody-fluxed to touch thee.
1956Punch 15 Aug. 191/1 Those two..are eating raw steaks and drinking *Bloody Marys. 1961House & Garden Apr. 93/2 Vodka is..mixed with tomato juice (‘Bloody Mary’).
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 142 In that of the *bloody-nose beetle that segment is bifid. 1847Carpenter Zool. §660 The Timarcha lævigata..emits a reddish yellow fluid from the joints when disturbed; from which circumstance it is commonly known by the name of the Bloody-nose Beetle.
1880Encycl. Brit. XIII. 150/1 Timarcha (the *Bloody-nosed Beetle). 1959E. F. Linssen Beetles Brit. Isles II. 89 A species..which owing to its method of ‘bleeding’ is called the Bloody-nosed Beetle.
1734Arbuthnot in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 205, I had forborn [to ride] for some years, because of *bloody water.
b. In popular names of plants, as bloody cardinal = cardinal-flower; bloody finger, the Foxglove; bloody man's finger, the same; also the Arum or Wake-Robin; bloody rain = Blood rain (see blood n. 21); bloody dock (Rumex sanguineus); bloody twig, the Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea); bloody warrior, a dark Wall-flower. (See Prior, Britten and Holland.)
1758Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall xix. §9. 235 The bloody sea-dock. 1838Econ. Vegetation 156 The ‘gory dew,’ Palmella cruenta, and ‘bloody rain,’ Lepraria kermesina..are referrible to these humble and harmless tribes of vegetation. 1851D. G. Mitchell Dream Life (1852) 199 The bloody cardinal of the swamp-lands. 1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. III. 108 The branches were so red, so like twigs of coral, that..its name of Bloody Twig..seemed appropriate.
Add:[A.] [4.] c. Bloody Sunday, the colloq. name for various Sundays on which blood was shed, esp. for political or industrial causes; orig. applied to 13 November 1887, when police violently broke up a socialist demonstration in Trafalgar Square against the British Government's Irish policy.
1888Commonweal 3 Mar. 68/1 The struggle for the elementary right of freedom of speech, of which the events of Bloody Sunday formed such a dramatic episode, is taking a new development. 1906P. Kropotkin Mem. Revolutionist (ed. 2) Pref. p. xxvi, Five days after the ‘bloody Vladimir Sunday’ a mass-strike began at Warsaw and similar strikes soon spread all over Poland. 1907T. Rothstein Russ. Revolution 8 The middle-classes..had already before the ‘bloody’ Sunday of January 22nd begun to get restless. 1921Notes from Ireland 1 Mar. 36/1 Bloody Sunday, November 21, 1920... On that day, fourteen British officers were murdered, some of them in their beds. 1936Zionist Rev. July–Aug. 92/1 There were many deeds of Jewish valour and Arab kindness during the events at Jaffa on ‘Bloody Sunday’, April 19th. 1943R. M. Fox Irish Citizen Army i. 7 They had the outstanding experience of ‘Bloody Sunday’ to teach them the wisdom of relying on their own strength... On Sunday, August 31, 1913..it is calculated that there were at least 500 civilian casualties. 1972News Letter (Belfast) 31 Jan. 7 (heading) Londonderry's Bloody Sunday. 1977Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Mar. 279/5 The event that precipitated the 1905 revolution was the massacre by government officials of unarmed workers assembled in St Petersburg on January 9 (or January 22 in the New Style calendar), a day which became known as ‘Bloody Sunday’. 1986P. Gilliatt Sunday Bloody Sunday p. xviii, Didn't I know there was a famous Irish Bloody Sunday... Didn't I know about the Russian Bloody Sunday? Yes, I said. But it still wasn't the English bloody Sunday.
▪ II. bloody, v.|ˈblʌdɪ|
[f. the adj. Not etymologically identical with OE. (ᵹe)blodegian, -blodgian (in 3rd c. blodeke, with suffix -eg-, -ek-) which preceded in the same sense.]
1. trans. To make bloody by causing to bleed or by smearing with blood.
[a1000Beowulf 5378 He ᵹeblodegod wearð sawul-driore. a1225Ancr. R. 418 Ne mid breres ne ne biblodge [T. blodeke] hire sulf. ]1530Palsgr. 458/1 This parker blodyeth his clothes. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. xxi. (1821) 421 No man did bloody his sword more than his Lordship did that day. 1814Cary Dante (Chandos) 122 There came I, Pierc'd in the heart..And bloodying the plain. 1820Southey in Life & Corr. (1849) I. 4 The sword which was drawn (not bloodied, I hope) in this unlucky quarrel.
b. trans. and fig. To make blood-red; to stain with bloodshed.
1647W. Browne Polex. i. 197 His shield was black in many places, and the rest bloodied with the long tresse of a Comet. 1655J. Jennings Elise 12 Nor the only instrument of these tragick businesses, the which bloodies the course of this History.
†2. To exasperate; = blood v. 4. Obs.
1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter i. 14 Saul, being so bloodied against David..became as unmerciful to himself. |