| 释义 |
‖ sansculotte
(sænzkjuːˈlɒt, as Fr. sɑ̃kylɔt)
[Fr., f. sans without (see sans) + culotte knee-breeches: usually explained as one wearing trousers instead of knee-breeches; but the origin is disputed (see Littré Suppl.).]
1. In the French Revolution, a republican of the poorer classes in Paris. Hence gen. an extreme republican or revolutionary.
1790Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. 13/2 The numerous army of ragged Sans Culottes. 1793Burke On policy of Allies Wks. 1802 IV. 104 A desperate set of obscure adventurers, who led to every mischief, a blind and bloody band of Sans-Culottes. 1794Gentl. Mag. LXIV. 863 A Sans-Culotte approaching him [i.e. Robespierre] very coolly pronounced these words in his ears, there exists a Supreme being. 1794Ld. Torrington Diary 5 May (1938) IV. 10 Nor do I hope to live to see the Sans Culottes of this land laying all distinction waste. 1902R. W. Chambers Maids of Parad. vii. 120 He was no crude Belleville orator; ..no sans-culotte with brains ablaze. 1927G. B. Shaw Gt. Composers (1978) i. 18 Mozart was still to him the master of masters..but he was a court flunkey in breeches while Beethoven was a Sansculotte. 1940[see deflate v. 2 b]. 1955Times 18 July 6/1 So it is the crowd of sans autos—the modern sans⁓culottes?—who are left to swarm over the streets, empty of all but the buses (each with its little crest of Tricolor flags for the occasion) and taxis, to celebrate with a certain fervour their annual rites. 1969N.Y. Rev. Bks. 30 Jan. 8/1 The term plebs is convenient for the sans-culottes and similar movements made up mainly of small shopkeepers, artisans, journeymen; proletariat for factory workers.
attrib.1796Burke Let. to Noble Ld. 65 The true sans-culotte criticks. 1812J. Brady Clavis Calend. I. 35 The Sans Culotte adherents of Robespierre. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. iii. v, Sansculotte Scylla hardly weathered, here is Aristocrat Charybdis gurgling under his lee! 1906Baroness Orczy I Will Repay xviii, The sansculotte mob of Paris.
2. transf. ‘A man shabbily dressed; a tatterdemalion; a ragamuffin’ (Worcester).
1812Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 4 The Hampshire barber being no sans culotte, but in buff. 1815Scott Guy M. xliv, Bertram..was dragged..across the threshold, amid the continued shouts of the little sans culottes. |