| 释义 |
▪ I. blanch, n.|blɑːnʃ, -æ-|
[partly from blanch a. (or its French source), partly from blanch v.]
†1. White paint, esp. for the face. Obs. Cf. blanc 1.
1601Holland Pliny II. 520 This..serueth to make an excellent blanch for women that desire a white complexion. Ibid. 529 Their blanch of cerusse for complexion. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey i. xi. 35 Woad and Blaunch would haue a strong ground.
†2. A white spot on the skin. Obs.
1607Topsell Serpents 765 In the neck thereof are two blanches. 1609Man in Moone (1849) 38 Ulcers, filth and blanches, will breed upon you.
3. Min. ‘Lead ore mixed with other minerals.’ Raymond Mining Gloss. 1881.
1747Hooson Miner's Dict. M ij, They break by following some Blanch of Ore or Spar.
▪ II. blanch, a. Obs. exc. Hist.
Forms: 4–6 blaunch(e, 4– blanche, 6– blanch; Sc. 7 blensch, blenshe, 7– blench.
[a. OF. blanche, fem. of blanc white; see blank. Occurring originally only where the fem. would be used in French.]
†1. White, pale. Chiefly in specific uses, as blanch fever, blanch powder, blanch sauce. Obs.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 40 (Mätz.) He wedded þe dukes douhter, faire Emme þe blaunche. c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 916 And some þow seydist had a blaunch feuere. 1393Gower Conf. III. 9 Thanne cometh the blanche fever With chele. c1420Liber Cocorum 28 Blaunche sawce for capons. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture in Babees Bk. (1868) 122 Aftur sopper, rosted apples, peres, blaunche powder, your stomak for to ese. 1475Caxton Jason 17 Affayted with the blanche feures. 1586Cogan Haven Health (1636) 125 A very good blanch powder, to strow upon rosted apples.
2. Her. White, argent.
1697Lond. Gaz. No. 3287/4 Robert Dale, Gent., Blanch-Lion Pursuivant. 1805Scott Last Minstr. iv. xxx, For who..Saw the blanche lion e'er fall back?
3. Blanch, Sc. blench; more fully blanch farm, blench ferme [OF. blanche ferme]; according to Spelman and Coke, Rent paid in silver, instead of service, labour, or produce; in Scottish writers extended to a merely nominal quit-rent, not only of money, as a silver penny, but of other things, as a white rose, pair of gloves, pair of spurs, etc. paid in acknowledgement of superiority.
1609Skene Reg. Maj. 36 Frie tennents, haldand their lands, be blenshe ferme. [1627Spelman 232 Firma alba, ea est quae argento penditur, non pecude.] 1642Coke Inst. ii. 19 Redditus albi, White rents, blanch farmes, or rents, vulgarly and commonly called quit rents..called white rents, because they were paid in silver, to distinguish them from work-days, rent cummin, rent corn, etc. 1768Blackstone Comm. II. 42. 1864 Glasgow Daily Her. 24 Sept., Changing the tenure of the castle..to free blench farm, for payment of a penny silver, if asked only.
1602K. Jas. I Law Free Mon. in Life (1830) I. ix. 294 The King changeth their holdings from tack to feu, from ward to blanch, etc. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 31 Gif anie man hes lands haldin in frie soccage (in blensch or few). 1670Blount Law Dict. s.v., To hold Land in Blench, is, by payment of a Penny, Rose, Pair of Gilt Spurs, or such like thing, if it be demanded; In name of Blench. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 45 The blanch, feu, and other casualties of superiority payable to the crown. 1814Scott Wav. iii. 8 The holding of the Barony of Bradwardine is of a nature alike honourable and peculiar, being blanch. 1868Act 31–32 Vict. ci. §6 The lands are..to be holden of the grantor in free blench.
b. as adv. = In blench.
1828Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 254 A grant of land..either for military service or to be held blench for the payment of a nominal feu-duty. 1860J. Irving Dumbartonsh. 386 The coronatorship of the County to be held blench of the crown for one penny.
c. So blanch duty, blanch holding, blanch kane; blanch holden adj.
1634–46Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 345 All blench holden lands. 1723W. Buchanan Fam. Buchanan (1820) 245 Payment of four pennies of blench-duty if demanded. 1753Scots Mag. XV. 49/1 To change all ward holdings of the principality of Scotland into blanch holdings. 1754Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 150 Blanch-holding..is that whereby the vassal is to pay to the superior an elusory yearly duty, as a penny money, a rose, a pair of gilt spurs, &c. merely in acknowledgment of the superiority, nomine albæ firmæ. 1872E. Robertson Hist. Ess. 137 note, The obligations..commuted for a money payment, known as Blanche Kane.
▪ III. blanch, v.1|blɑːnʃ, -æ-|
Forms: 4–6 blaunche, 5 blawnche, blanch-yn, 6 blanche, 7 blaunch, 6– blanch.
[a. F. blanch-ir to whiten, f. blanc white. Cf. also blank v.]
1. a. trans. To make white, whiten: chiefly, in mod. use, by depriving of colour; to bleach. Also fig.
a1400Morte Arth. 3040 Chirches and chapelles chalke whitte blawnchede. 1607Dekker Sir T. Wyatt 126 Patience has blancht thy soule as white as snow. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Guiacum, The Salt of Guaiacum, which you may blanch by calcining it with a great Fire in a Crucible. 1805Southey Madoc in W. viii, His bones had now been blanch'd. 1859Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VII. lv. 15 Age had blanched his hair. 1875Browning Aristoph. Apol. 120 All at once, a cloud has blanched the blue.
b. To make (metals) white: in Alchemy by ‘albation,’ or ‘albification’; in techn. use, to tin.
1582J. Hester Secr. Phiorav. iii. civ. 130 Orpiment..doeth blanche all mettals. 1710Palmer Proverbs 102 Like them that pass base money, blanch it to cover the brass. 1728Rutty Tin-Plates in Phil. Trans. XXXV. 635 Till..you would tin them, or in the Term of Art, blanch them.
c. To remove the dark crust from an alloy after annealing. spec. in coining money.
1803Phil. Trans. XCIII. 187 Gold alloyed with one-twelfth of silver..may be stamped without being annealed; it consequently does not require to be blanched. 1868[see blanching vbl. n.1]. 1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 489/2 The removal of a small portion of the alloying metal in this way constitutes ‘blanching’ or ‘pickling’ the coin.
2. a. Cookery. To whiten almonds, or the like, by taking off the skin; hence (as this is done by throwing them into boiling water), to scald by a short rapid boil in order to remove the skin, or for any other purpose.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cix, They [Hazel-nuts] engender moche ventosite, yf þey ben ete with þe small skynnes; þerfore..it is good to blaunche hem in hoot water. c1440Promp. Parv. 38 Blanchyn almandys, or oþer lyke. dealbo, decortico. 1530Palsgr. 456/2 He can blandysshe better..than blanche almondes. 1681J. Chetham Angler's Vade-m. xxxix. §5 (1689) 257 Before you put on the Sawce, blanch off very neatly the skins of the Pearch and Tench. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 88 Blanch your tongue, slit it down the middle, and lay it on a soup plate. 1796H. Glasse Cookery v. 41 After boiling your palates very tender..blanch and scrape them clean.
b. humorously. To strip.
1675Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 261 Come, Ladies, blanch you to your Skins.
3. To whiten plants by depriving them of light, so as to prevent the development of chlorophyll.
1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 169 If you have a desire to have them white, or blanch them, (as the French term it)..you may cover every Plant with a small Earthen-pot, and lay some hot Soyl upon them. 1807J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 206 The common practice of blanching Celery. 1861Delamer Kitch. Gard. 73 Blanching the shoots by a covering of sweet earth.
4. To make pale with fear, cold, hunger, etc.
1605Shakes. Macb. iii. iv. 116 And keepe the naturall Rubie of your Cheekes When mine is blanch'd with feare. 1791Cowper Iliad iii. 41 Fear blanches cold his cheeks. 1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 17 The famine blanches your lips.
5. To give a fair appearance to by artifice or suppression of the truth; to palliate, to ‘whitewash.’ Now only with over (with reference to 1 b).
1549Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 37 Blanchers..that can blanche the abuse of Images. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 165 Howsoeuer you mince it and blanch it ouer. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. iii. xlv. 373 The Author..blancheth the matter, saying, that he died a naturall death. 1641Milton Ch. Discip. i. (1851) 11 To blanch and varnish her deformities. 1709Sacheverell Serm. 15 Aug. 10 Men..that..can Hypocritically Blanch and Palliate..Iniquities. 1880Ruskin Lett. Clergy 367 To take the punishment of it [wrong], not to get it blanched over by any means.
6. intr. To turn or become white (chiefly by loss of colour); to bleach; to pale.
1768Tucker Lt. Nat. I. 12 If wax blanches in the sun. 1839Marryat Phant. Ship. xxix, Their cheeks blanched. 1862Bright Amer. Sp. (1876) 111 Left the bones of her citizens to blanch on a hundred European battlefields. 1863Tennyson Boadicea 76 As when the rolling breakers boom and blanch on the precipices.
▪ IV. blanch, v.2|blɑːnʃ, -æ-|
[A variant of blench, which see for the derivation and history.]
†1. trans. To deceive, cheat, bilk. Cf. blench v. 1. to blanch of: to cheat or do out of. Obs.
1592Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxix. 193 But so obscurely hath beene blancht of good workes elsewheare done. 1602Ibid. xii. lxxi. (1612) 296 Dallying Girles..that intertaine..All Louers..And hauing blaunched many so, in single life take pride.
†2. To shut the eyes to, leave unnoticed, shirk, ‘blink’ (a fact); to pass without notice, miss, omit. Obs. (Cf. blanch v.1 5.)
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. 69 In Annotacions..it is ouer vsual to blaunch the obscure places, and discoarse vpon the playne. 1618Raleigh Prerog. Parl. (1628) 52 You blanch my question, and answere mee by examples. 1638Sir H. Wotton in Four C. Eng. Lett. 53, I suppose you will not blanch Paris in your way. 1671Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 240 Whether I am to blanch this particular?
3. intr. To shrink, start back, give way. arch. (Later users apparently mix it up with blanch v.1 6, in sense of ‘turn pale, change colour for fear.’)
1572in Neal Hist. Purit. (1732) I. 285 'Tis no time to blanch. 1632Massinger & F. Fat. Dowry ii. i, What! Weep ye, soldiers? Blanch not! 1640–1Ld. Digby Parl. Sp. 9 Feb. 13 A man of a sturdy conscience, that would not blanch for a little. 1870Edgar Runnymede 126 The saints forbid that I should ever blanch at the thought of battle.
4. trans. To turn (anything) off, aside, or away; in Venery, to ‘head back’ the deer in his flight.
1592Lyly Galathea ii. i. 231 Saw you not the deare come this way..I beleeve you have blancht him. 1627F. E. Hist. Edw. II, (1680) 117 He would not blaunch the Deer, the Toyl so near. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece ii. i. 310 When he [the deer] swarves, or is blanched by any Accident. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §323 The lantern was secured by..the Cornice; which, when the sea rose to the top of the house, blanched it off like a sheet. 1875‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports. i. x. §1.
▪ V. † blanch, v.3 Obs.
[App. worn down from blandish (like blench from blemish v.); but approaching certain senses of both blench v.1 and blench v.2, with which it was probably confounded.]
intr. = blandish v. 2.
1572R. H. Lavaterus' Ghostes (1596) 19 b, Men which blaunche and flatter with us, are alwayes suspitious. a1587Foxe Serm. 2 Cor. v. 10 If I shoulde say that nothing therein were amisse, I should indeede blanch and flatter too much. 1612Bacon Counsel, Ess. (Arb.) 326 Books will speake plaine, when Counsellors Blanch [in adulationem lapsuri]. |