| 释义 |
▪ I. pulse, n.1|pʌls|
Forms: α. 4–5 pous, pows, 4–6 pouce, 5 pouse, powce; β. 4–6 puls, 6 poulce, poulse, pulce, 5– pulse.
[ME. pous, pouce, a. OF. pous (c 1175 in Godef. Compl.), pousse:—L. puls-us (vēnārum) the beating of the veins, f. puls-, ppl. stem of pellĕre to drive, beat; altered in mod.F. to pouls, and in late ME. to pulse after L.]
1. a. The ‘beating’, throbbing, or rhythmically recurrent dilatation of the arteries as the blood is propelled along them by the contractions of the heart in the living body; esp. as felt in arteries near the surface of the body, e.g. in the wrists and temples; usually in reference to its rate and character as indicating the person's state of health: often in phr. to feel († taste) one's pulse. (A pulse also occurs exceptionally in the veins.)
Formerly sometimes construed erron. as a plural.
αc1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace 9011 He tasted his pous, saw his vryn, He seide he knew his medycyn. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 822 His pouce es stille, with-outen styringes. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 151 A fisician lerneþ diligentli his signes, in veyne, in pows. c1422Hoccleve Jonathas 604 He sy hire vryne & eeke felte hir pous. 1470–85Malory Arthur xvii. xv. 712 They..felte his pouse to wyte whether there were ony lyf in hym. 1530Palsgr. 257/1 Pouce of the arme, povce.
β1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. i. (Tollem. MS.), Þe arteries takeþ þe spirite of þe herte, and bereþ forþe to make þe puls. 1483Cath. Angl. 293/2 A Pulse, pulsus. 1530Palsgr. 158 The poulce of a mannes arme. Ibid. 259/1 Pulce of mannes arme, povx. 1578Banister Hist. Man vii. 95 Phisitions..take counsell at the pulse. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. iv. 55 Giue me your hand, and let mee feele your pulse. 1773T. Percival Ess. II. 65 In twenty minutes my pulse rose to 88. In half an hour they sunk to 82. 1876Foster Phys. i. iv. (1879) 155 The average rate of the human pulse or heart-beat is 72 a minute.
b. venous pulse: see quot.
1897Syd. Soc. Lex., P[ulse], venous, a term applied..1. To a pulse carried on from the arteries through the capillaries into the veins, e.g. in a secreting salivary gland. 2. To the backward propagation of a pulsation, e.g. in tricuspid regurgitation, when pulsation is seen in the great veins and the liver. 3. To variations of pressure in the great veins due to the movements of respiration.
c. Each successive beat or throb of the arteries, or of the heart. Usually in pl.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. xlvii. (1869) 94, I tastede his pouces, but..i fond nouht, in sinewe ne in condyt ne in veyne. 1566Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 92 To take hede to the mutacion of his poulces. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 41 At every pulse of the Auricle you might see the bloud passe through this Channel into the heart [of the lamprey]. 1710J. Clarke Rohault's Nat. Phil. (1729) I. 193 If we will be at the Trouble to count how many Pulses of the Artery there are in the first twenty Vibrations. 1887Bowen æneid ii. 726, I, whose pulses stirred not at javelins showered in the fray.
d. As a vague or incidental measure of time.
1626Bacon Sylva §32 For the space of ten pulses. Ibid. §366 A Spoonfull of Spirit of Wine, a little heated, was taken, and it burnt as long as came to 116. Pulses.
†e. concr. The place where the pulse occurs or is felt; esp. in the wrist; also an artery or ‘pulsating vein’. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 1065 (1114) Þer-with his pous and pawmes of his hondes Þei gan to frote. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. lxxxvii. (Tollem. MS.), The saphire keleþ moche in hete of brennynge feueres yf he is honged nyȝe þe pulses and þe veynes of þe herte [L. juxta venas cordis pulsatiles]. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. Q iv b, Wastyng of a brawne, and chyefly of a poulce, so that whan it is pynched it abydeth vpryght. 1614W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 16 The Artiries..are also called Pulses. 1623Cockeram, Pulse, a beating veine.
† f. Excessive or violent throbbing, palpitation.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 4 [It] strengthneth the heart, emboldneth it, and driveth away the pulse and pusillanimity thereof.
2. a. In various figurative or allusive uses, denoting life, vitality, energy, feeling, sentiment, tendency, drift, indication, etc.; with pl., a throb or thrill of life, emotion, etc.
c1540[see b]. 1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 92 Thinke you I beare the Sheeres of destiny? Haue I commandement on the pulse of life? 1619Visct. Doncaster in Eng. & Germ. (Camden) 201 Setting downe my observations upon the pulse of the affayres which I am neerer to feele. 1745H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 91 All this will raise the pulse of the stocks. 1804Wordsw. ‘She was a phantom’ iii, And now I see with eye serene The very pulse of the machine. 1865R. S. Hawker Prose Wks. (1893) 43 Had this instrument [a barometer], the pulse of the storm, been preserved, the crew would have received warning of the..hurricane.
b. Phr. to feel († try) the pulse († pulses) of (fig.): to try to discover the sentiments, intentions, drift, etc., of; to ‘sound’.
c1540tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 288 Godwinus, having no small confidence, after hee hadd once felte his pulses and perceaued his diet. 1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events a iv, I have runne over some pieces of them, only as to feele their pulse, and informe my selfe of their language and Country. 1707Freind Peterborow's Cond. Sp. 263 With whom my Lord had occasion to talk and to feel his Pulse. 1869Swinburne Ess. & Stud. 5 He only who has felt the pulse of an age can tell us how fast or slow its heart really beat towards evil or towards good.
c. Phr. on the pulse (and variants): through one's own experience (with allusion to Keats's use).
1818Keats Let. 3 May (1931) I. 154 Axioms in philosophy are not axioms until they are proved upon our pulses. We read fine things, but never feel them to the full until we have gone the same steps as the Author. 1970Guardian 23 July 10/3 As I am one of his constituents, the appointment of Sir Robert Grant-Ferris..as Deputy Speaker..has made me feel ‘on the pulse’..a frustrating anomaly of our parliamentary system. 1971R. ap Roberts Trollope ii. 42 The problem of The Warden is—one might say— proved on our pulses. 1973Listener 6 Dec. 798/3 The committed nationalism of, say, the 19th-century Russian composers, who had felt oppression on the pulse.
†3. A stroke, blow, impact; an attack, assault. (Cf. impulse, repulse, and pulse v. 3 b.) Obs.
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1024/1 The commons..ran all into the towne; and there ioine themselues togither to abide the pulse. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 309 Every bodie that is moved by an externe pulse is inanimate. a1687Petty Treat. Naval Philos. i. ii, The quick and effectual pulse of the water upon the Rudder.
4. a. The rhythmical recurrence of strokes, vibrations, or undulations; beating, vibration.
1657W. Morice Coena quasi κοινὴ xv. 218 Like the pulse of the flowing Sea. 1660Boyle New Experim. Phys.-Mech. xxvii. 208 So weak a pulse as that of the ballance of a Watch. 1665Hooke Microgr. xvi. 100 That there is such a fluid body..which is the medium, or Instrument, by which the pulse of Light is convey'd. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxxxvii, The measured pulse of racing oars Among the willows. 1876Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 157 Pulse of waters blithely beating, Wave advancing, wave retreating.
b. Each of a rhythmical succession of strokes or undulations; a single vibration or wave; a beat. In scientific use now spec. (a) a train of radio waves, sound waves, or the like, of very short duration; a short burst of radiated energy; (b) the more usual term for impulse n. 5.
1673Newton in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 350 To suppose that there are but two figures, sizes, and degrees of velocity or force, of the ethereal corpuscles or pulses. 1704― Optics (1721) 326 The Vibrations or Pulses of this Medium..must be swifter than Light. 1756Burke Subl. & B. iv. xi, When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single pulse of the air, which makes the ear-drum and the other membranous parts vibrate. 1827Keble Chr. Y., Evening i, The last faint pulse of quivering light.
(a)1905S. R. Bottone Radium (ed. 2) iv. 74 A third kind of emanation is also produced by radium... Röntgen rays—ether vibrations—produced as a secondary phenomena by the sudden arrest of velocity of the electrons by the solid matter, producing a series of Stokesian ‘pulses’ or explosive ether waves, shot into space. 1906Nature 29 Nov. 105/2 The signal produced by a spark discharge consists of a series of violent pulses each consisting of a short train of strongly damped vibrations of definite frequency. 1945H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes xii. 131 In this method a neutron source is modulated, i.e., the source is made to emit neutrons in short ‘bursts’ or ‘pulses’. 1947Crowther & Whiddington Science at War 16 Meanwhile the pulse flies on, reaches the aircraft, and is reflected back as an echo. 1969Times 8 Jan. 12/1 Working from the measured length of the successive pulses of energy, it was possible to calculate that the stars concerned would have been as massive as the sun but rather smaller than the earth in size. 1978Sci. Amer. Apr. 38/2 The bats and whales were before us, but now we humans make routine use of pulses of ultra⁓sound (or of microwave) to map the night or the depths.
(b)1932Proc. Physical Soc. XLIV. 77 A transformer..translated the square-topped current pulsations into voltage pulses, alternately positive and negative, of very short duration. 1949B. Grob Basic Television v. 63 The amplitude of the video signal is divided into two sections, the lower 75 per cent being devoted to the active camera signal while the upper 25 per cent is used for the synchronizing pulses. 1967Electronics 6 Mar. 159/2 A simple change in d-c level cannot be used as a trigger because it locks up the flip-flop against further changes; a pulse is a must. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xvi. 6 In the field of radio-frequency interference..the basic response curve of the receiver is defined in terms of its response to regularly repeated pulses... The area under the pulse must be a known constant which is a function of a limited number of circuit parameters.
c. Pros. and Mus. A beat or stress in the rhythm of a verse or piece of music.
1885J. Lecky in Philol. Soc. Proc. p. v, Varieties of metre were caused (a) by altering the division and coalescence of pulses, as in passing from dactyl to anapest..(b) by altering the number of pulses into which the stress-group was divided (substitution of triplets in binary metre, and of duplets in ternary).
d. A temporary upward movement of magma through the earth's crust.
1964Nature 13 June 1100/2 Difficulties with this concept have led petrologists..to postulate a pulse mechanism to explain such features as the magnetite layer near the top of the Main Norite Zone of the Bushveld Igneous Complex. 1970Ibid. 25 July 365/1 A more restricted pulse (heave) of magma. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 68 Occasionally a new pulse of magma on its way to the surface breaks off fragments that emerge as xenoliths included in lava flows or ash falls.
5. Biochem. A period during which a culture of cells is supplied with an isotopically labelled substrate or substrates. Also attrib. Cf. pulse v. 5.
1960Jrnl. Molecular Biol. II. 308 Phage infection and the subsequent 32P pulse experiment were performed at 28°C. 1961Nature 13 May 580/1 The nascent protein can be labelled by a short pulse of 35SO4. 1974Ibid. 25 Jan. 243/1 If a long molecule is labelled at one end (as happens with a short pulse label) and then sheared, the labelled molecules will always appear to have lower molecular weights than the bulk material.
6. attrib. and Comb. (almost all in senses 1, 2 or 4 b).
a. attrib., as pulse amplitude, pulse-beat, pulse-beating, pulse height, pulse-place, pulse-rate, pulse repetition (or recurrence) frequency (or rate), pulse-stroke, pulse-throb, pulse-tick, pulse train, pulse width.
b. Objective, etc., as pulse-feeling n., adj., pulse-taking (lit. and fig.); pulse amplifier, pulse analyser, pulse compression, pulse counter, pulse generator, pulse transformer; pulse-amplifying, pulse-counting, pulse-forming, pulse-generating, pulse-like, pulse-moving, pulse-quickening, pulse-shaping, pulse-stirring adjs.c. Special Combs.: pulse amplitude modulation Telecommunications, pulse modulation in which variations in the signal are represented by variations in the amplitude of the pulses; pulse-breath Path. (see quots.); pulse code modulation Telecommunications, pulse modulation in which the actual signal amplitude after each successive interval is approximated by the nearest in value of a set of permitted amplitudes, which is then represented by a short sequence of pulses in accordance with a binary code; pulse column = pulsed column s.v. pulsed ppl. a. a; pulse curve = pulse-tracing; pulse duration modulation Telecommunications = pulse width modulation below; pulse frequency modulation Telecommunications, pulse modulation in which variations in the signal are represented by variations in the frequency of occurrence of the pulses; pulse-glass, a glass tube with a bulb at each end, or at one end only, containing spirits of wine and rarified air, which when grasped by the hand exhibits a momentary ebullition, which is repeated at each beat of the pulse; pulse jet Aeronaut., a type of jet engine in which combustion is intermittent, the ignition and expulsion of each charge of mixture causing the intake of a fresh charge; pulse-ˈlabel v. trans. Biochem., to label the metabolites of (cells) by administering a pulse (sense 5); so pulse-ˈlabelled ppl. a., pulse-ˈlabelling vbl. n.; pulse modulation Telecommunications, modulation in which a series of initially identical, regularly recurring pulses is varied in some respect (as amplitude or timing) so as to represent the amplitude of the signal after successive short intervals of time; so pulse-modulated a., pulse modulator; † pulse-pad Obs. nonce-wd. [pad n.2 3], humorous appellation for a medical man; pulse position modulation Telecommunications, pulse modulation in which variations in the signal are represented by variations in the time position of the pulses, relative to their unmodulated position; pulse pressure Med., the difference between the maximum (systolic) and the minimum (diastolic) pressure of arterial blood; pulse radar, radar that transmits pulses rather than a continuous beam of radio energy; pulse radiolysis, radiolysis by means of a very short pulse of electrons or other ionizing radiation; pulse repeater Electronics (see quot. 1971); pulse time modulation Telecommunications, pulse position or pulse width modulation; so pulse-time-modulated a.; pulse-tracing, the curve traced by a sphygmograph, indicating the character of a pulse-wave; † pulse-vein Obs., a ‘vein’ or blood-vessel in which there is a pulse, an artery; † pulse-watch Obs., Floyer's name for a sand-glass used for estimating the rate and character of the pulse; pulse-wave: see quot. 1897; pulse width modulation Telecommunications, pulse modulation in which variations in the signal are represented by variations in the width (duration) of the pulses; pulse-wise adv., discontinuously; a bit at a time.
1940Rev. Sci. Instruments XI. 44/1 The use of ionization chambers in conjunction with *pulse amplifiers permits data to be taken much more rapidly. 1949[see pulse height below]. 1962Simpson & Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xv. 371 (heading) Video pulse-amplifier equivalent circuits. Ibid. viii. 182 This makes the point-contact transistor inherently unstable under certain conditions and makes possible the construction of simple *pulse-amplifying or trigger circuits.
1940Rev. Sci. Instruments XI. 45/1 (caption) Wiring diagram of the *pulse amplitude selector. 1947[see kicksorter]. 1947Bell Syst. Technical Jrnl. XXVI. 396 When the pulses consist simply of short samples of the speech waves, their varying amplitudes directly represent the speech waves and the system is called pulse amplitude modulation or PAM. 1963B. Fozard Instrumentation Nuclear Reactors iv. 42 Discrimination against gamma rays is obtained by using a pulse amplitude discriminator in conjunction with the counter. 1972Pulse amplitude modulation [see modulation 7].
1947*Pulse analyser [see kicksorter]. 1963B. Fozard Instrumentation Nuclear Reactors x. 123 In some applications it is required to determine the count rate of pulses of a particular amplitude or..whose amplitudes lie in the band V and V + δV... Instruments known as pulse analysers are available which give the required result directly.
1841Emerson Addr., Method Nat. Wks. (Bohn) II. 222 We do not take up a new book, or meet a new man, without a *pulse-beat of expectation.
1862C. R. Hall in Trans. Med.-Chirurg. Soc. XLV. 167 By the term ‘*pulse-breath’, I wish to signify..an audible pulsation communicated to the breath as it issues from the mouth by each beat of the heart. 1881Syd. Soc. Lex., Breath, pulse, a term applied to a pulsatile movement of the expired air in cases of phthisis, where there is a large cavity either close to the heart and the aorta, or separated from them only by indurated structures.
1947*Pulse code modulation [see PCM s.v. P II]. 1967Times 7 Feb. 9/3 The Post Office is to start work on the installation..of the world's first pulse code modulation exchange. This technique makes it possible for two ordinary telephone ‘pairs’ to carry 24 simultaneous conversations. 1976B.B.C. Handbk. 71/2 Pulse Code Modulation is the system developed by BBC engineers for the distribution of high-quality stereophonic audio signals.
1954R. Stephenson Introd. Nuclear Engin. ix. 333 The principal advantage of *pulse columns is their greater plate efficiency which permits a column of smaller height for a given separation.
1966New Scientist 15 Sept. 609/1 By employing *pulse-compression radar techniques the designer can..produce a radar which has long range and yet gives good definition. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxv. 74 Pulse compression is a technique in which a rectangular pulse containing phase modulation is transmitted. When the echo is received, the matched-filter output is a pulse of much shorter duration.
1809Malkin Gil Blas ii. iv. ⁋3 The little *pulse-counter set himself about reviewing the patient's situation. 1963B. Fozard Instrumentation Nuclear Reactors xiii. 166 Two scales..indicate approximately (a) the current produced in a reactor instrumentation ionisation chamber..and (b) the pulse rate produced by a fission-type pulse counter.
Ibid. viii. 74 *Pulse-counting systems are commonly used to measure radiation intensity in terms of count rate.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *P[ulse] curve. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 239 note, The pulse curve is usually anacrotic.
1956S. Seely Radio Electronics xv. 439 In *pulse-duration modulation and pulse-position modulation..the signal/noise ratio is proportional to the bandwidth. 1975Pulse duration modulation [see pulse position modulation below].
1947Lebacqz & White in L. N. Ridenour Radar System Engin. x. 376 A pulse transformer can be inserted between load and *pulse-forming network so that the network can be designed to use the available switching device most efficiently.
1950*Pulse frequency modulation [see communication(s) engineer s.v. communication 12]. 1975Pulse frequency modulation [see pulse time modulation below].
1975*Pulse-generating [see pulse transformer below].
1931Proc. IRE XXII. 911 (caption) Transmitter and *pulse generator with cathode ray oscillograph monitor. 1977Navy News June 42 (Advt.), Ideally, applicants should be familiar with oscilloscopes, digital multimeters, pulse generators, frequency counters, etc.
1829Nat. Philos. I. ix. 56 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.) The instrument called a *pulse-glass is a glass tube with a bulb at each end of the form represented.
1949Atomics Sept. 57/1 When the gating instrument is in operation, random pulses from a Geiger counter are fed through the pulse amplifier to the *pulse height selector. 1952Proc. Physical Soc. B. LXV. 320 An investigation of the pulse heights produced by alpha-particles in various scintillating crystals. 1957Economist 30 Nov. 779/1 Because it sorts out electrical ‘kicks’ or impulses according to their amplitude—more than 16,000 of them in each of 100 channels..‘kick sorter’ is the technicians’ colloquial name for a Pulse Height Analyser. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics iv. 137 The pulse height distribution of the incident particles is obtained..by means of a sliding-channel, pulse-height analyzer. 1968Pulse-height [see kicksorter].
1946F. Hamann Air Words 43/1 *Pulse-jet, a jet plane or motor that..operates in short bursts of power or impulses. 1949Aircraft Engin. Mar. 71/3 No analysis will decide whether ram-jet or pulse-jet is the better—such questions are decided by service experience. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XI. 95/2 In addition to their use on the German V-1 buzz-bomb, pulse jets have been used to propel radio controlled target drones and experimental helicopters.
1961Nature 13 May 581 (heading) Unstable ribonucleic acid revealed by *pulse labelling of Escherichia coli. 1968H. Harris Nucleus & Cytoplasm iii. 42 When the pulse-labelled cells were transferred to non-radioactive medium, radioactivity disappeared from the heterogeneous component and appeared in the ribosomal RNA. Ibid., The pulse-labelling revealed a special class of RNA which was not ribosomal RNA or a precursor of ribosomal RNA. 1974Nature 8 Nov. 168/1 Yeast protoplasts were pulse labelled for 30 min with H-adenine, then quickly cooled and lysed by osmotic shock.
1575Banister Chyrurg. i. (1585) 6 The paine [of an abscess] is *pulslike beating mixt with pricking and some itching.
1943Gloss. Terms Telecommunication (B.S.I.) 65 *Pulse-modulated waves, recurrent wave-trains in which the duration of the trains is, in general, short compared with the time interval between them. 1962Science Survey III. 279 They also respond to pulse-modulated sounds up to pulse repetition rates of about 800 cycles per sec.
1929Proc. IRE XVII. 1787 It could not be predicted with certainty that the transmitter crystal would provide a suitably constant phase reference for comparison with the echoes, particularly because of the fact that its phase..might be shifted slightly by the *pulse modulation of the power amplifiers excited by the crystal circuit. 1945Electronics Jan. 103/3 With pulse modulation, especially at very high carrier frequencies, problems of modulation at the transmitter are greatly simplified. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xiv. 28 All pulse modulation schemes require sampling analog signals, and some, such as pulse code modulation.., require the additional quantization of the analog signals.
1965Wireless World July 18 (Advt.), EEV magnetrons, klystrons, *pulse modulators,..offer extreme reliability in quality marine electronics.
1706E. Baynard in Sir J. Floyer Hot & Cold Bath, ii. 202 These *Pulse-pads, these Bedside Banditti.
1644G. Plattes in Hartlib's Legacy (1655) 262 They say, that divers who were esteemed dead have been annointed with old Oyl in the five principal *pulse-places, and revived.
1945Electronic Industries Dec. 82 (heading) *Pulse position modulation technic. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xiv. 34 In PTM the information is coded into the time parameter instead of, for instance, the amplitude... There are two basic types of PTM: pulse position modulation (PPM) and pulse width modulation (PWM), which is also known as pulse duration (PDM).
1904J. Erlanger in Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep. XII. 93 The term ‘*pulse-pressure’ is used in place of the phrase, oscillations of the pressure in the arteries produced by the beat of the heart. It is the difference between the maximum and minimum pressures. 1966Lancet 24 Dec. 1387/1 Fig. 1 shows the mean responses of pulse-rate and pulse-pressure during the insulin-tolerance tests in the six men.
1949D. G. C. Luck Frequency Modulated Radar ix. 416 *Pulse radar is placed at a practical disadvantage, relatively to frequency-modulated radar, by the necessity of operating transmitters at very high peak-power levels. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XI. 211/2 In pulse-radar systems the transmitter and receiver generally share a single antenna.
[1960McCarthy & MacLachlan in Trans. Faraday Soc. LVI. 1187 The technique of pulsed radiolysis has not heretofore been applied to the transient measurement of rapid chemical reactions.] 1961Nucleonics Oct. 54/1 *Pulse radiolysis has become feasible within the past few years through the availability of electron accelerators which deliver a very short pulse of high energy electrons of extremely high intensity. 1974Nature 22 Nov. 323/1 On pulse radiolysis of nitrous oxide saturated solutions of either thymidine, cytidine, adenosine or guanosine..transient absorption spectra..attributable to the products of reactions of the hydroxyl radical, were observed.
1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 799 The temperature had fallen to 99°; the *pulse-rate was 110. 1963Pulse rate [see pulse counter above].
1945Amer. Speech XX. 310/1 PRF, *Pulse Recurrence Frequency. 1953R. Chisholm Cover of Darkness xvii. 187 He listened patiently to discussions on megacycles, wave-lengths and pulse-recurrence frequencies.
1949Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. LIII. 447/2 The Americans now used both words, defining a transponder as a *pulse repeater which received and transmitted on different wavelengths. 1971Gloss. Electrotechnical, Power Terms (B.S.I.) iii. i. 28 Pulse repeater, device for receiving pulses from one circuit and transmitting corresponding pulses into another circuit.
1948L. B. Arguimbau Vacuum-Tube Circuits xi. 560 Depending on the pulse height, the multivibrator will synchronize at one fifth, one fourth, or one third of the *pulse repetition rate. 1962Gloss. Terms Automatic Data Processing (B.S.I.) 57 When the pulse repetition rate is independent of the interval of time over which it is measured it may be called the pulse repetition frequency. 1978R. V. Jones Most Secret War xxiii. 193 If 40 kilometres were its maximum range, its pulse repetition rate should not exceed 3750 per second.
1963B. Fozard Instrumentation Nuclear Reactors ix. 105 Pulses from the counter are converted by means of an auxiliary *pulse-shaping (multivibrator) circuit into rectangular positive pulses of stable amplitude. 1971J. H. Smith Digital Logic v. 95 Flip flop A is used as a pulse shaping circuit and has no logical function to perform.
1832Motherwell Poems (1847) 86 Feel every *pulse-stroke thrill of good.
1950N.Y. Times (City ed.) 20 Apr. 1/1 In the light of today's *pulse-taking, it appeared unlikely that the committee would agree on such an approach. 1977Proc. R. Soc. Med. LXX. 425/1 We know that pulse-taking was an important ritual, especially among doctors who did not accept Harvey's discovery of the circulation of blood.
1855Browning Old Pictures in Florence vi, One whom each fainter *pulse-tick pains.
1945Electronic Industries Nov. 91/3 At the transmission end amplitude modulated speech signals are changed into *pulse time modulated signals by a tube similar to the cyclophone called the Cyclo-odos.
1944Electr. Communication XXII. 92/1 The merits of another method of transmission applicable to telephony were considered by the Paris Laboratories of the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation early in 1937... At the time the method was called *pulse ‘time’ modulation. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xiv. 28 The control applications [of pulse modulation] are usually confined to the use of pulse time modulation (PTM) and pulse frequency modulation (PFM), where on-off control power can be used to minimize device dissipation.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 314 This change is only maintained during the bath; after it the *pulse-tracing returns to its former standard.
1951A. Sheingold Fund. Radio Communications xx. 413 If the *pulse train is applied to a low-pass filter having an appropriate cutoff value, the signal may be separated from the higher-frequency pulse components. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xiv. 28 By interleaving a number of single-channel, low-duty-cycle pulse trains.
1945Electronic Industries Sept. 222 *Pulse transformer, a special transformer designed to have a frequency response suitable for passing a pulse without materially altering its shape. 1955Times 12 July 2/5 (Advt.), Applicants should preferably be of honours degree standard, with interest in square-loop magnetic devices, ferro-resonant circuits, magnetic amplifiers, or pulse transformers. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 18 Lower-power pulse transformers fall into two categories: those used for coupling or impedance matching similar to the high-power pulse transformers, and blocking oscillator transformers used in pulse-generating circuits.
1658A. Fox Würtz' Surg. v. 353, I called for help, intreating them to cut the *pulse vein on my left temple.
1706Hearne Collect. 17 Dec., Sir Joh. Floyer [is printing] an Invention of a *Pulse-Watch wch being nicely set and adjusted to a Man's Constitution tels him when his Blood & that is out of order. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch Pref., I caused a Pulse-Watch to be made which run 60 Seconds, and I placed it in a Box to be more easily carried, and by this I now feel Pulses. 1753[see pulsiloge].
1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 348 When the tonicity of the arteries is less than it should be, their walls yield too much to the *pulse-wave. 1897Syd. Soc. Lex., P[ulse]-waves, the component elements of the apparently simple movement of the pulsating artery, as detected by the sphygmograph. These are chiefly the summit wave, in which the line of ascent ends; the tidal or first secondary wave, due to the distension of the arteries; and the dicrotic or great secondary wave, produced probably by the aortic recoil.
1947R. Lee Electronic Transformers & Circuits ix. 220 Common *pulse widths lie between 0·5 and 10 microseconds. 1978Nature 23 Mar. 362/2 The digital nerves of the index finger were stimulated continuously at 3 times the threshold for perception (pulse width 50 µs, 50 shocks s-1) through ring electrodes placed around the finger on either side of the distal interphalangeal joint.
1953A. T. Starr Radio & Radar Technique i. 26 *Pulse Width Modulation does not correspond to any normally emitted C. W. system, but corresponds to phase modulations of the frequencies ω r{caret} , 2ω r{caret} ,{ddd}each multiplied by the original low-frequency signal. 1978Gramophone Apr. 1790/1 Sony offered the first class D (pulse width modulation) power amplifier utilizing VFETs and producing 180 watts per channel.
1909W. James Pluralistic Universe vii. 285 By us it [sc. reality] has to be taken *pulse-wise, for our span of consciousness is too short to grasp the larger collectivity of things except nominally and abstractly.
▪ II. pulse, n.2|pʌls|
Forms: (3 pols-, 4 pols', puls'), 5–7 puls, 6 poulse, poultz, dial. pousse, 7 powse, pulce, 8–9 dial. pouse, 6– pulse.
[a. OF. pols, pouls, pous (Godef.), in mod.Norm. dial. pouls, in other dialects poul, pou:—L. puls pottage made of meal, pulse, etc. See also pults.]
1. The edible seeds of leguminous plants cultivated for food, as peas, beans, lentils, etc.
a. collect. sing.: sometimes const. as pl.
1297[see pulse-corn]. 1355–6Abingdon Acc. (Camden) 6 De j quarterio pols' vendito. 1388–9Ibid. 53 Et de xij d. de puls' vendito. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xiii. 77 Whiche of it selfe is lest among al pulse. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 644 In Cods the Poulse, the Corn within the Ear. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 570 Pulse (as we call them) that is..such graine as is inclosed in coddes or huskes. 1694Westmacott Script. Herb. 22 Field Beans and Powse do feed horses. 1780Cowper Progr. Err. 215 Daniel ate pulse by choice—example rare! a1822Old Rime in Gentl. Mag. XCII. i. 15/1 Thee eat thy pouse, and I will drink my beer. 1826Southey in Q. Rev. XXXIII. 406 A soup composed merely of a few pulse. 1865T. Seaton Cadet to Colonel ix. 165 To search for and secure all grain, flour, pulse, and food of every description.
b. with a and pl. A kind or sort of such seeds.
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. v. 52 The priest may not loke vpon a beane, for that it is iudged an vncleane puls. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies vii. iv. 505 They sowed their land for bread and pulses, which they vsed. 1681tr. Belon's Myst. Physick 47 All sorts of Milk⁓meats, Sauces, Pulces, Fruits. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 141 There are several other Pulses or Seeds mentioned in many Authors. 1758R. Brown Compl. Farmer ii. (1760) 86 The least of all pulses is the lentil.
2. a. collective sing. (sometimes const. as pl.) Plants yielding pulse; esculent leguminous plants.
1388–9Abingdon Acc. (Camden) 53 Et de xij d. de stramine puls' vendito. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 304 Deriued of the moste vsed Poultz called cicer. 1555Eden Decades 260 All kyndes of pulse, as beanes, peason, tares, and suche other. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 110 Where Vetches, Pulse, and Tares have stood, And Stalks of Lupines grew. 1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 123 Here are no pulse or pot-herbs of any kind. 1807Crabbe Parish Reg. i. 141 High climb his pulse in many an even row. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 48 Pulse grows everywhere.
b. individual sing. (with pl.) An esculent leguminous plant, or a species of such.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. vii. 55 For fodder now is tyme, and euery puls.
3. attrib. and Comb., as pulse crop, † pulse-shell (pulse shale), pulse-stick (cf. pea-stick), pulse tribe; also pulse-corn.
a1661B. Holyday Juvenal, Sat. xiv, A pulse-shale more I value, than the whole town's praise. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. iii. (1794) 39 The leguminous or pulse tribe. 1830Kyle Farm Rep. 35 in Libr. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, A luxuriant pulse crop of itself fertilizes the soil. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. vii, A hook and a bit of worm on it,..or a blow-fly, hung from a hazel pulse-stick.
▪ III. pulse, v.|pʌls|
Also 6 pulce.
[ad. L. pulsāre to push, drive, strike, beat, freq. of pellĕre to drive, strike, beat. In sense 1 prob. in part from F. pousser, formerly polser, poulser (15th c. in Littré); in other senses more directly connected in use with pulse n.1, and pulsate, pulsation, etc.]
†1. trans. To drive, impel; to drive forth, expel. Obs. (exc. as in 4).
1549Compl. Scot. xv. 125 Necessite pulsis and constrenȝes me to cry on god. Ibid. xvi. 139 Ȝour ignorance, inconstance, ande inciuilite, pulcis ȝou to perpetrat intollerabil exactions. 1573Twyne æneid x. (1584) Q v, Pulst forth through spite from princely throne [L. Pulsus ob invidiam solio]. 1586Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 111 The Douglassis wes pulsit up to this be thame quha advanceit thameselffs to be farrest in his Hienes secreitis. 1666J. Smith Old Age (1752) 203 The heart..doth..cast it [the blood] forth, and pulse it to all, even the extremest parts.
2. a. intr. To beat, throb, as the heart, etc.: = pulsate 1 (but now only in literary use).
1559,1664[see pulsing ppl. a.]. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. xxxvii. 82 For the Umbilical Arteries of a live Child being bound, as yet cleaving to the Mother..they pulse between the Ligature and the Child. 1691Ray Creation i. (1692) 35 The Heart, when separated wholly from the Body in some Animals, continues still to pulse for a considerable time. 1864D. Cook Trials of Tredgolds II. 118 The heart pulsed very, very feebly; his eyes were closed again. 1895F. E. Trollope F. Trollope I. i. 6 The warm blood pulsed beneath high-waisted gowns.
b. fig. or in figurative allusion, in reference to life, energy, influences, feelings, etc.: = pulsate 1 b: cf. pulse n.1 2.
1818Keats Endym. i. 105 The mass Of nature's lives and wonders puls'd tenfold. 1874Green Short Hist. v. §i. 216 The throb of hope and glory which pulsed at its outset..died into inaction or despair. 1888Times 26 June 9/5 The outward and sensible expression of the never-resting flow of thought, action, and feeling which pulses through it [London].
3. intr.
a. gen. To perform or exhibit a rhythmic movement; to beat, vibrate, undulate: = pulsate 2.
1851Carlyle Sterling ii. i. (1872) 88 Playing and pulsing like sunshine or soft lightning. 1873J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age iv. 41 The heat of the sun..pulses through the great piles of ice that cumber the higher elevations of Alpine countries. 1883Harper's Mag. June 117/1 The thermal water..pulsed out of the cleft of the rock. 1904M. Hewlett Queen's Quair ii. vii. 285 You could hear the regular galloping of a horse, pulsing in the dark like some muffled pendulum.
¶b. To make recurrent sallies or attacks.
1851Carlyle Sterling i. iv. (1872) 30 His studies were..pulsing out with impetuous irregularity now on this tract, now on that. 1865― Fredk. Gt. xx. v. (1872) IX. 89 Such charging and recharging, pulsing and repulsing, has there been. Ibid. vii. 146 Broglio, on the other hand, keeps violently pulsing out, round Ferdinand's flanks.
4. trans. To drive or send out in or by pulses or rhythmic beats.
1819Keats Isabella vi, The ruddy tide Stifled his voice, and pulsed resolve away. 1861Lowell Washers of Shroud ii, Pale fireflies pulsed within the meadow-mist Their halos, wavering thistledowns of light. 1876Mrs. Whitney Sights & Ins. II. iii. 371 Life is not dead, but living?..coming down and out, always;..pulsed into us, not set outside of us to grasp and define. 1954R. Stephenson Introd. Nuclear Engin. ix. 332 One of the two liquid phases present is pulsed at the rate of about 60 pulses/min, each pulse causing the liquid in the column to oscillate over a distance of about 0·9 in. 1971C. J. King Separation Processes xiv. 740 The contents of either a packed column or a plate column can be pulsed by applying intermittent surges of pump pressure to the column. This pulsing promotes mass-transfer rates within the column. 1977Design Engin. July 27/2 Energy in high power radar systems..is pulsed through a magnetron in discrete ‘pockets’ to allow the returning echo to be related in time with the initial transmission.
5. Biochem. To subject (cells in culture) to a pulse of isotopically labelled substrate or substrates.
1960Jrnl. Molecular Biol. II. 320 Uninfected cells were pulsed with 32P under the same conditions and the purified soluble RNA was examined. 1975Nature 14 Aug. 592/1 After various incubation periods the cells were pulsed for 1h with labelled amino acids or nucleosides, collected and macromolecular synthesis measured.
6. To apply a pulsed signal to.
1964Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. CXV. 665 The..16 digital output lines..can be pulsed individually by a special computer instruction. 1974Physics Bull. June 257/1 The transmitter consists of a small loudspeaker pulsed by a capacitor discharge and the echoes are received by a small conventional microphone.
7. To modulate (a wave, beam, etc.) so that it becomes a series of pulses.
1969Sci. Jrnl. Dec. 42/3 Semiconductor lasers whose output may be modulated up to 1 GHz by pulsing the pump current. 1971Nature 26 Nov. 178/2 High-powered monochromatic beams of laser light..may be modulated or pulsed in times as short as 10-11s. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xiv. 28 In usual applications [of pulse modulation], subcarriers are pulsed, time-division-multiplexed, and then used to frequency-modulate a carrier. |