| 释义 |
▪ I. sally, n.1|ˈsælɪ|
Forms: 6 sale, saley, (salew), sallie, 7–8 salley, 8 sailly, 7– sally.
[a. F. saillie issuing forth, outrush, outbreak (hence ‘sally’ of wit, etc.), projection, prominence (also in OF. leap), f. saillir: see sail v.3, sally v.1
Parallel formations on the etymologically equivalent vb. in the other Rom. langs. are Sp. salida, Pg. sahida, saida, exit, sortie, It. salita ascent.]
I. An issuing forth.
1. A sudden rush (out) from a besieged place upon the enemy; a sortie; esp. in the phrase to make a sally.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 414 b, The French men that wer besieged make many sales oute. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 141 That night the Spaniards made a salley..to disturbe our Campe. 1648Hamilton Papers (Camden) 170 Poyer making lately a salley out of Pembrooke Castle, and those from Tenby..assisting him, they haue utterly defeated the besiedgers. 1682Bunyan Holy War (1905) 380 The Captains..of the Town of Mansoul agreed, and resolved upon a time to make a salley out upon the camp of Diabolus. 1786W. Thomson Watson's Philip III (1839) 375 A garrison..which is able to resist assaults..and often to make successful sallies. 1803Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1837) II. 396 He there remained..without throwing away his ammunition excepting when he could do it with effect in judicious sallies. 1850Grote Greece ii. lvii. (1862) V. 119 A well⁓timed sally..dispersed the Leontine land force.
fig.1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 26 Courage, is able..with a sudden assault to surprise..the enemie. Iudgement hath its scouts ever abroad, to prevent such like sallies and cavalcadoes, that he be not taken sleeper. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. vii. 73 As for the..Orientall languages he rather makes sallies and incursions into them, then any solemn sitting down before them. 1844Emerson Lect. New Eng. Ref. Wks. (Bohn) I. 263 It is handsomer to remain in the establishment,..and conduct that in the best manner, than to make a sally against evil by some single improvement.
†b. A place whence a sally may be made; a sally-port. Obs.
1542St. Papers Hen. VIII, IX. 149 Of this Abbey they have made a bulwerk, and a platforme above, and a salew unto the same out of the cytadell. 1590Sir R. Williams Brief Disc. War 50 Euerie Bulwarke ought to haue two sallies, one for horse and foote, the other a little secret sallie. 1598Barret Theor. Warres Gloss. 252 Sallie..is also a secret issue for the souldiers to passe out of a wall, bulwarke, or fort.
2. A going forth, setting out, excursion, expedition (of one or more persons).
1657Howell Londinop. 49 We will now make a salley out of Algate. 1697Dryden Virg. Ded., A Lark, melodious in her mounting, and continuing her Song till she alights: Still preparing for a higher flight at her next sally. 1743Fielding Wedding-day ii. iv, Doth this early sally of yours proceed from having been in bed early..? 1851Carlyle Sterling ii. iv, Here..is notice of his return from the first of these sallies into England.
b. transf. and fig.
1650Earl of Monmouth tr. Senault's Man bec. Guilty 50 She [the soul] makes out salleys which cause men to believe that though she be fastened to the body, yet she is not a Prisoner. 1722De Foe Moll Flanders (1840) 208, I made my second sally into the world. 1753Johnson Adventurer 107 ⁋3 At our first sally into the intellectual world, we all march together. 1836Emerson Nature, Prospects Wks. (Bohn) II. 172 Is not prayer also a study of truth—a sally of the soul into the unfound infinite? 1849W. Irving Goldsmith iii. 49 [He] made his second sally forth into the world. 1855Tennyson Brook 24, I make a sudden sally.
3. A sudden start into activity.
1605Daniel Philotas v. Chorus, How well were we within the narrow bounds Of..Macedon, Before our kings inlardgd them with our wounds And made these salies of ambition. 1665Glanvill Def. Van. Dogm. To T. Albinus, For what ever heat attends the first sallies of young Inventions, Time..cools these delights. 1703Collier Dissuas. fr. Playhouse 15 [They would] make us believe the Storm was nothing but an Eruption of Epicurus's Atoms, a Spring-Tide of Matter and Motion, and a blind Salley of Chance. 1737Whiston Josephus, Hist. Jew. War i. Pref. §7 What places the Jews assaulted..in the first sallies of the war. 1807Wordsw. Ode on Intimat. Immort. 89 Behold the Child..See, where 'mid work of his own hand he lies, Fretted by sallies of his mother's kisses. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 358 Nature goes by rule, not by sallies and saltations.
4. A breaking forth from restraint; an outburst or transport (of passion, delight, or other emotion); a flash (of wit); a flight (of fancy).
16..Stillingfl. (J.), These passages were intended for sallies of wit; but whence comes all this rage of wit? 1710Steele Tatler No. 172 ⁋4 She is apt to fall into little Sallies of Passion. 1727Swift & Pope Misc. I. Pref. 10 We have written some Things which we may wish never to have thought on. Some Sallies of Levity ought to be imputed to Youth. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) II. 225 It is difficult to abstain from some sally of panegyric. 1775T. Sheridan Art Reading 292 When she [fancy]..acknowledges no superior, her vigorous and wild sallies..are..vain and fruitless. 1794Mrs. Piozzi Synon. II. 10 That sudden burst of confident self-sufficiency, by the vigorous sailly of which virtue herself may be sometimes confounded. 1838Thirlwall Greece xi. II. 40 Sufficient guards against the sallies of democratical extravagance. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. ii. xviii. III. 313 He was..sometimes hurried..into a sally of passion. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Friendship Wks. (Bohn) I. 87 It [friendship] keeps company with the sallies of wit and the trances of religion. 1875Manning Mission Holy Ghost viii. 216 Sudden sallies and impetuosities of temper.
†b. Outlet, ‘vent’. Obs. rare.
1799C. Winter in Jay Mem. (1843) 19 While Mr. Whitefield was giving full sally to his soul, and..inviting sinners to the Saviour.
5. A sudden departure from the bounds of custom, prudence, or propriety; an audacious or adventurous proceeding, an escapade. Now rare.
a1639Wotton Parallel Essex & Buckhm. (1641) 3 At his returne all was cleere, and this excursion was esteemed but a Sally of youth. a1715Burnet Own Time i. viii. (1897) I. 386, I made at this time a sally that may be mentioned, since it had some relation to public affairs. 1723Waterland Wks. (1823) III. 261 It might be on account of some of these uncautious sallies of Origen, that he was forced to purge himself to Pope Fabian:..after which..he..kept closer to the language of the Church. 1768Tucker Lt. Nat. I. ii. xxi. 56 We find people very brisk and active in seasons of joy, breaking out continually into wanton and extravagant sallies. 1871Merivale Rom. Emp. V. xliii. 219 But the sally [ed. 1 1856 V. 110 reads enterprise] of an obscure slave was far less formidable than the intrigues of illustrious nobles.
6. A sprightly or audacious utterance or literary composition; now usually, a brilliant remark, a witticism.
1756–82J. Warton Ess. Pope (ed. 4) II. viii. 34 We must not try the charming sallies of Ariosto by the rigid rules of Aristotle. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Shenstone Wks. IV. 219 His poems consist of elegies, odes and ballads, humorous sallies and moral pieces. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 98 After this sally of the preacher of the Old Jewry, which..agrees perfectly with the spirit and letter of the rapture of 1648. 1791Boswell Johnson an. 1765, Voltaire, in revenge, made an attack upon Johnson, in one of his numerous literary sallies. 1879G. Meredith Egoist xiii, The sprightly sallies of the two won attention like a fencing match.
II.
7. A leaping movement. Obs. exc. Naut. (see quot. 1867) and dial.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. x. (Arb.) 98 As the Dorien because his falls, sallyes, and compasse be diuers from those of the Phrigien. 1718Steele Fish-pool 178 On every sally of the boat, the water in the Well must shift its place. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Sally,..a sudden heave or set. 1887Donaldson Jamieson's Dict. Suppl. 210 Sally,..a rush or dash; a swing from side to side, rocking; a continuous rising and falling,..the swinging or bounding motion of a ship at sea.
III. 8. a. Arch. A deviation from the alinement of a surface; a projection, prominence. b. Carpentry (see quot. 1842).
1665–6Phil. Trans. I. 73 This Authour did first conceive, that they were not shadows but some Sallies or Prominencies in that Belt. 1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 69 The Sally, or Projection of a..Cornish. 1757Robertson in Phil. Trans. L. 292 Add to this the sally of the head, the weight of the forecastle [etc.]. 1842Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Sally, a projecture. The end of a piece of timber cut with an interior angle formed by two planes across the fibres. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 396 The ‘sally’, or point given to the end of each part to resist lateral pressure. 1887Donaldson Jamieson's Dict. Suppl. 208 Saillie, Sailye, Sally, a projection; outjutting; applied to a room, gallery, or other building projecting beyond the face of a house or wall.
▪ II. sally, n.2 Bell-ringing.|ˈsælɪ|
Also 9 sallie.
[Perh. an application of sally n.1 7.]
1. The first movement of a bell when ‘set’ for ringing; a ‘handstroke’, as distinguished from the reverse movement of ‘backstroke’; also, the position of a bell when it is rung up to a ‘set’ position. ? Now local.
1668F. Stedman Tintinnalogia (1671) 54 Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change..so that every time you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new change. Ibid. 134 But sometimes the fault of the stroke [i.e. when longer on one side than the other] is in the Sally. 1677― Campanologia 26 The falling of the bells from a Sett-pull must gradually be done, by checking them only at Sally, until the low compass renders the Sally useless. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 462/2 The several wayes of Ringing Bells. 1. Is the Under Salley, that is when the Bells are raised but Frame high, so as the Clapper strikes on both sides of the Bell. 2. Is the Hand Salley, when they are rung almost up, and one hand is put to the Rope to raise it. 1702J. D. & C. M. Campanalogia Impr. 11 The first Step..is to learn perfectly to set a Bell,..and to have it so much at his Command, as that he may be able to cut it down, either at hand (being the Sally) or back Stroke. Ibid. 13 He must likewise be careful, when they lie under Sally, (for so 'tis term'd) to keep his Bell at so constant a Pull, as not to pull harder one time than another. 1872Ellacombe Ch. Bells Devon 13 note, The half-wheel action is distinguished by the name of the dead-rope pull, there being no sally. Ibid., Bells of Ch. x. 551 It was at this time that the bells were altered from the dead-rope pull to the sally. 1897F. T. Jane Lordship vi. 66 The tuftin being worn, she hurt a man's hands a good deal on the sally, and had mainly to be rung on the back⁓stroke.
2. The woolly ‘grip’ for the hands near the lower end of a bell-rope, composed of tufts of wool woven into the rope.
1809T. Batchelor Anal. Eng. Lang. 142 Sally, the serving, or pluffy part of a bell rope. 1869Troyte Change Ringing i. 2 The ‘hand stroke’ blow will be the one on which he pulls the ‘sallie’, or tuffing on the rope. 1871T. Hardy Desperate Remedies Epil., Bright red ‘sallies’ of woollen texture..glowed on the ropes.
3. Comb.: sally beam (see quot. 1872); sally hole, a hole through which the bell-rope passes; sally-pin, -pulley, -wheel (see quots.).
1872N. & Q. 4th Ser. IX. 186/2 The *sally-beam is a beam..through which the bell-rope is passed to steady it. 1901H. E. Bulwer Gloss. Techn. Terms Bells 5 Sally-beams, light wooden cross beams..with guide pieces attached through which the bell-ropes pass.
1851C. Rogers [‘Tom Treddlehoyle’] Bairnsla Foak's Ann. (E.D.D.), He wor drawn up bit bell an knocked his heead again t' *sally-hoil.
1879Troyte in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 219/2 When the rope has been pulled enough to bring the fillet or ‘*sallie-pin’ down to the nearest point to the ground pulley that it can reach. 1901H. E. Bulwer Gloss. Techn. Terms Bells 4 Sally-pin, a reel inserted between the ‘shrouds’ over the rope to assist the purchase of the latter, when the ‘fillet⁓hole’ is placed near the top of the ‘wheel’.
Ibid., Pulley, a sheave of hard wood on the lower part of the frame which guides the rope to the wheel. In some localities it is called..‘*sally-pulley’,..‘*sally-wheel’.
▪ III. sally, n.4 Austral.|ˈsælɪ|
Also sallee.
[Variant of sallow n.]
One of several eucalypts or acacias that resemble willows in habit or appearance; (see quot. 1965).
1884A. Nilson Timber Trees New South Wales 22 A[cacia] falcata.—Hickory; Sally;..Willow. 1889J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 149 Acacia falcata,..‘Hickory’. ‘Lignum-Vitae’. ‘Sally’. Ibid. 250 Eucalyptus stellulata,..‘Sally’ or ‘Black Gum’. Ibid. 335 Acacia falcata... Called variously ‘Hickory’,..and ‘Sally’ or ‘Sallee’. 1932R. H. Anderson Trees New South Wales 58 Snow Gum or White Sally. Ibid., Black Sally..Also known as Sally or Muzzlewood. 1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang. 62 Sally: an acacia. 1949J. Wright Woman to Man 17 In the olive darkness of the sally-trees Silently moved the air. 1957Forest Trees Austral. (Austral. Forestry & Timber Bureau) 96/2 Swamp gum or broad leaved sally..occurs in cold and damp situations. Ibid. 144/1 White sallee is usually only 30–60 feet in height. 1965Austral. Encycl. VII. 539/2 Sallee, or sally, a corruption of the English ‘sallow’ which is applicable to certain willow species..and commonly used for Australian eucalypts and wattles that are supposed to resemble them in habit or foliage. Black sallee and white sallee are the names standardized in the timber trade for the cold-loving Eucalyptus stellulata and E. pauciflora respectively. Acacia floribunda and A. prominens are among the eastern wattles which have been called sally.
▪ IV. † ˈsally, v.1 Obs. rare.
Forms: 5 salyyn, 6 saly, 7 sally.
[irreg. ad. F. saillir: see sail v.3]
1. intr. To leap, bound, dance.
c1440Promp. Parv. 441/1 Salyyn, salio (P. salto). 1543Becon Invect. agst. Swearing 54 Herode also made a promyse to the doughter of Herodias, whan she daunced & salyed so plesantly before hym.
2. trans. Of a horse: To leap (a mare).
a1693Urquhart's Rabelais iii. xxxvi. 300 They use to ring Mares.., to keep them from being sallied by Stoned Horses.
Hence † ˈsallying vbl. n., dancing.
c1440Promp. Parv. 441/1 Salyynge, saltacio.
▪ V. sally, v.2|ˈsælɪ|
Forms: 6 salee, salie, saly, 7– sally, 9 saully.
[f. sally n.1, which first appears at the same time. The sense of the vb. may have been influenced by association with its ulterior source, F. saillir: see sail v.3]
1. intr. Of a warlike force: To issue suddenly from a place of defence or retreat in order to make an attack; spec. of a besieged force, to make a sortie. Also to sally out.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 430 Duke Henry..hauinge lost..many of his men what tyme the Marques saleed out, and fought. 1590Sir R. Williams Brief Disc. War 51 Hauing an easie entrie into the ditch, the defendants dare not sally. Ibid. 52 Alledging..that the defendants may the better saly out. 1615Chapman Odyss. xxiv. 375 And now, all girt in armes; the Ports, set wide, They sallied forth. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 200 The happy repulse of the Spaniards sallying upon our Cannon. 1769Robertson Chas. V, iv. Wks. 1813 V. 367 Leyva, with his garrison, sallied out and attacked the rear of the French. 1777W. Heath in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) I. 338 The enemy had sallied, early one morning, and surprised one of our out⁓guards. 1865Livingstone Zambesi xix. 382 A nest of lake pirates who sallied out by night to kill and plunder. 1881Jowett Thucyd. I. 172 The Mitylenaeans with their whole force sallied out against the Athenian camp.
fig.1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xxvi. (1739) 114 Like a good Soldier, whilst his strength is full, he sallies upon the people's liberties.
2. Of a person or party of persons: To set out boldly, to go forth (from a place of abode); to set out on a journey or expedition. Const. forth, off, out.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vi. 38 Where gladsome Guyon salied forth to land. 1662Evelyn Chalcogr. 41 To return now into Italy from whence we first sallied. 1710–11Swift Jrnl. to Stella 19 Feb., Where Sir Andrew Fountain dined too, who has just began to sally out, and has shipt..his nurses back to the country. 1762Foote Lyar i. Wks. 1799 I. 282 But let us sally. 1766Cowper Let. 20 Oct., Wks. (1876) 23 After tea we sally forth to walk in good earnest. 1786Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 9 Vessels may enter and sally with every wind. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville I. 52 These frontier settlers form parties..and prepare for a bee hunt. Having provided themselves with a waggon..they sally off, armed with their rifles. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge i, [He] had risen and was adjusting his riding-cloak preparatory to sallying abroad. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. vi. (1879) 112 In the morning we all sallied forth to hunt. 1888W. S. Caine Round the World i. 2 We settled down in our comfortable cabins..and then sallied forth for a tour of inspection round the ship.
transf. and fig.1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 178 He..takes pen in hand..and sallies forth into the fairy land of poetry. 1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 87 Where the tall trees crowd round and sally Down the slope sides.
†b. to sally out: to make a digression in speech. Obs.
1660Trial Regic. 51 And we have, with a great deal of Patience, suffered you to sally out. Ibid. 55 My Lords, this ought not to come from the Bar to the Bench; if you sally out thus about your Conscience. 1661Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 58 Sometimes the Prophets, in the midst of the Mention of particular Mercies,..Sally out into Pathetical Excursions relating to the Messias.
3. Of things: To issue forth; esp. to issue suddenly, break out, burst or leap forth.
1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 237 A little Mountain, whence there sallies a stream of water that turns three Mills. 1670Cotton Espernon Ded., It may very well..pass amongst good natur'd men, with other things, that every day sally from the Press. 1725Pope Odyss. xi. 646 Fierce in his look his ardent valour glow'd, Flush'd in his cheek, or sally'd in his blood. 1785Reid Intell. Powers ii. vii. 265 It is not at all likely that the soul sallies out of the body. 1791Cowper Iliad xi. 326 While yet his warm blood sallied from the wound. 1847Emerson Poems, Merlin i, When the God's will sallies free.
4. a. To move, sway, or run from side to side (see quot. 1887 and cf. sally n.1 7); to progress by making a rocking movement from side to side. dial. and Naut.
1825J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words 181 Sally, to move or run from side to side; as is customary with the persons on board of a ship after she is launched. 1887D. Donaldson Jamieson, Suppl. 210 To Sally, Saully,..to move or run from side to side, as children do in certain games, and as workmen do on board a ship after it is launched; to rock or swing from side to side, like a small boat at anchor; also, to rise and fall, like a ship on a rough sea. 1972Daily Tel. 15 July 3/8 He told the court that he was ‘sallying’ down Lowther Street when a policeman stopped him. Asked by the Judge what ‘sallying’ meant, he said: ‘I was just sitting on the saddle pushing the bike along with my foot on the kerb.’
b. trans. To rock (a stationary or slow-moving ship) by running from side to side in order to assist its progress. Naut.
1919E. Shackleton South i. 33 The engines running full speed astern produced no effect until all hands joined in ‘sallying’ ship.
Hence ˈsallying vbl. n. (also attrib.) and ppl. a.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 401 b, To leave behynde my backe no fortified place, out of the whiche any force or saleinge out is to be feared. 1590Sir R. Williams Brief Disc. War 53 The salying of the asseged. 1727–46Thomson Summer 473 Delicious..As to the hunted hart the sallying spring. 1838Thirlwall Greece xxvi. III. 424 A sallying place for marauding inroads. 1839Thackeray Major Gahagan iii, I found our sallying party.
▪ VI. sally, v.3|ˈsælɪ|
[f. sally n.2]
trans. To bring (a bell) to the position of ‘sally’.
1735Somerville Chase ii. 250 Hark! now again the Chorus fills. As Bells Sally'd awhile at once their Peal renew. |