| 释义 |
bipolar, a.|baɪˈpəʊlə(r)|
[f. bi- prefix2 1 + polar.]
a. Having two poles or opposite extremities; in Phys. applied to nerve-cells connected with the nerve-fibres by two prolongations.
1859Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. V. 282/1 The vaso-ganglions of the eel..are bipolar. 1865Mansfield Salts 4 This bipolar, two-membered system.
fig.1810Coleridge Friend ix. (ed. 3) III. 171 Philosophy being necessarily bipolar. 1875E. White Life in Christ iii. xix. (1878) 254 The Divine Nature is revealed as bi-polar, or of double aspect.
b. Of, pertaining to, or occurring in both polar regions.
1896A. E. Ortmann in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1895 191 The examples of bipolar distribution of crustacea. 1951Jrnl. Ecol. XXXIX. 209 The term ‘bipolar’ is not precise. What is intended is taxa with widely discontinuous ranges to the north and to the south of the tropics.
▸ bipolar disorder n. Psychiatry a form of mental illness characterized by one or more episodes of mania typically accompanied by one or more episodes of major depression; = manic depression n.
1973Sci. Amer. Sept. 123/2 Studies of manic-depressive disorders in families indicate the need to differentiate *bipolar disorders (with both manic and depressive episodes) from unipolar ones (with only depressive episodes). 1989Psychiatric Devel. 7 144 The first step in that direction is to ‘link’ the phenotypic expression of bipolar disorder to a known chromosomal location. 2003Sci. Amer. Sept. 78/1 The first modern attempt to identify individual psychiatric disorders was made in the 19th century by German scientist Emil Kraepelin, who distinguished two of the most severe mental illnesses: schizophrenia, which he called dementia praecox, and manic-depressive illness, which is now known as bipolar disorder. |