| 释义 |
saliva|səˈlaɪvə|
Also 5 salyve.
[a. L. salīva.]
1. Spittle; the mixed secretion of the salivary glands and of the mucous glands of the mouth, a colourless liquid, having normally an alkaline reaction, which mixes with the food in mastication. Also fig.
c1400Pety Job 40 in 26 Pol. Poems 122 Thow woldest suffer neuer more Me to swolowe my salyue? 1676Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. iv. vii. 333 Not meeting with that disturbance from the Saliva as in the former work. 1748tr. Vegetius' Distemp. Horses 172 He will..pour out a great deal of Saliva, and his Gums will swell. 1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. i. 415/2 The presence of food in the mouth caused a rapid flow of saliva. 1877Foster Physiol. ii. i. 158 Saliva contains but few solids.
transf. and fig.1818Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xxi. (ed. 2) II. 247 The carrion-beetles..defile us..with brown fetid saliva. a1957R. Campbell tr. F. García Lorca's Romance de la Guardia Civil in Coll. Poems (1960) III. 63 The Virgin cures the children With the saliva of the stars.
attrib.1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xl. IV. 110 The usual saliva-reservoirs. Ibid. xli. 125 The most usual number of the saliva-secretors is two. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Saliva-pump (Dentistry), a device to remove the saliva from the mouth during dental operations.
2. (See quot.)
1969P. Hollister Encycl. Glass Paperweights 303 Saliva, unwanted string or conglomerate of small bubbles that may be the result of insufficient expulsion of internal air or cooling of the gather during assembly.
3. attrib., as saliva gland; saliva ejector, † extractor Dentistry, a device incorporating a suction pump, for removing saliva from the mouth during a dental operation; saliva test, any scientific test performed on a sample of saliva.
a1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 778/1 Saliva ejector, an instrument for carrying off the accumulating saliva in dental operations. 1897E. C. Kirk Textbk. Operative Dentistry vii. 157 An excessive flow of saliva is uncomfortable to the patient, by its accumulation it impedes the operation... During the preparation of accessible cavities..the accumulation may be carried off by the use of a saliva ejector. 1931N. Bennett Dental Surg. (ed. 2) xix. 774 The saliva ejector when first introduced met with considerable opposition, but its use is now almost universal, and if simple aseptic precautions are taken no objection can possibly be found to its adoption. 1963C. R. Cowell et al. Inlays, Crowns, & Bridges v. 53 This permits a saliva ejector to be used, which retracts the tongue and keeps the teeth dry.
1877J. Taft Operative Dentistry (ed. 3) vi. 176 Various pumps were devised for removing the saliva... All..have been superseded by the introduction and use of the rubber dam and saliva extractor... The profession is indebted..for the latter to Dr. J. E. Fisk. 1915W. Owen Let. 13 Mar. (1967) 327, I noticed that my saliva-glands were a trifle addled. 1939New Yorker 8 July 77/1 You might like to know something about just what the New York Racing Commission does to prevent tampering with horses. Every winner gets a saliva test. 1973J. Thomson Death Cap i. 9 The saliva test will prove that the person who licked the stamp belongs to the ‘O’ blood group. 1975Times 21 May 3/4 Detectives have taken their first saliva test in the hunt for the Cambridge rapist.
Hence saˈliva v. intr., to salivate; saˈlivaed a., flecked or covered with saliva.
1939G. Greene Confidential Agent i. ii. 84 He felt her hand rest on his knee: she wasn't romantic, she had said: this was an automatic reaction, he supposed, to the deep seats and the dim lights and the torch songs; as when Pavlov's dogs saliva'd. 1975J. Goulet Oh's Profit xxx. 187 Oh's salivaed middle finger had stumbled across a pocket of ants directly in front of the television. |