| 释义 |
▪ I. saker1|ˈseɪkə(r)|
Forms: 5 sagre, 6 sagar, 5–9 sacre, 6– saker.
[a. F. sacre, ad. Sp., Pg. sacro, It. sagro, prob. a. Arab. çaqr.
In form the Sp., Pg. and It. word coincides with the adj. repr. L. sacer sacred; it has in consequence been supposed to mean ‘sacred falcon’ (cf. mod. scientific Latin Falco sacer), and Diez ingeniously conjectured that the designation was suggested by a confusion between Gr. ἱέραξ falcon and ἱερός sacred.]
A large lanner falcon (Falco sacer) used in falconry, esp. the female, which is larger than the male, the latter being distinguished as sakeret.
‘A related falcon of western North America, Falco polyagrus or F. mexicanus, is known as the American saker’ (Cent. Dict. 1891).
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxv. 117 Laneres, sagres [(1839) xxii. 338 reads Sacres], sperhawkes. 1486Bk. St. Albans d iv, There is a Sacre and a Sacret. And theis be for a knyght. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 327 Some behelde the tournes and tournynges of the sakers and gerfawcons. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn Sacret, the tiercelet of a Saker. 1606Breton Sidney's Ourania H 1 b, The princely Sagar and the Sagaret. 1623Middleton & Rowley Span. Gipsy ii. i. 102 Let these proud sakers and gerfalcons fly. 1668Charleton Onomast. 65 Falco Sacer..the Saker, or British Falcon. 1755Smollett Quix. (1803) IV. 87 As a saker or jerfaulcon darts down upon a heron. 1873Tristram Moab xii. 226 The Saker (Falco sacer) is much prized here, and is well known as distinct from the peregrine and the lanner. 1888Daily News 25 Aug. 3/4 A fine Asiatic hawk (a Saker).
▪ II. saker2 Now Hist. or arch.|ˈseɪkə(r)|
Also (6 sakir, Sc. saikyr), 6–7 sacre, (sakar, 7 sacar, 9 erron. sacker).
[a. F. sacre (= It. sagro), a transferred use of sacre saker1. (Cf. falconet, musket.)]
An old form of cannon smaller than a demi-culverin, formerly much employed in sieges and on ships.
1521Ld. Dacres in Archæologia XVII. 205 First of grete peces, a Saker, Two Faucons, viij small Serpentyns. 1546St. Papers Hen. VIII, XI. 145 Mr. Seymour,..beyng chased furst by that knave cowerd Burley, and put in gret dawnger with the shot of a sacre. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 41 Mak reddy ȝour cannons,..saikyrs, half saikyrs, and half falcons. 1556J. Heywood Spider & F. lii. 23 Potgoons, sakirs, cannons, double and demie. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia v. 197 He found small hope to recouer any thing, saue a Cable and an Anchor, and too good Sacars. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1682) 226 Culverin, Sakar, Minion, and other the like Ordnance of Brass. 1713Derham Phys. Theol. i. iv. 28 According to my own Observations made with one of Her Majesties [Qu. Anne] Sakers,..a Bullet..flies [etc.]. 1881Palgrave Visions of Eng. 135 Shooting from musket and saker a scornful death-tongue of flame. 1881Greener Gun 21 Four sizes of cannon..called respectively, cannons, culverins, sackers and falconets.
b. attrib. as saker shot, etc.
1547Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 133 Sacre-wheles shod and unshod, three payr. c1556Towrson in Hakluyt's Voy. (1599) II. ii. 38 The 14 day we came within Saker⁓shot of the castle. c1595Capt. Wyatt R. Dudley's Voy. W. Ind. (Hakl. Soc.) 60 With a fayre saker shott they strake the verie blade of his leadinge staff into manie peeces. 1666in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 8 Captain John Bartlett..returneing into his Majestie's store 40 saker shott, being six poundes weight. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 65 A Saker-bore Piece of Iron. a1690Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. II. 281 [1643] A Demi-Culverin, Four small Drakes in one Carriage, a Sacre-Cut [see cut n.2 31 a].
▪ III. † saker3 Obs. rare—1.
[App. of Fr. origin: cf. ‘sacquerelle, a dock for a horses tayle’ (Cotgr.); also saquarelle 1553 in Godefr.]
= dock n.2 2 a.
1607Markham Caval. v. (1617) 31 This done you shall buckle on his breast plate, and his crooper,..then you shall lace on his saker or docke. |