| 释义 |
biocœnosis Ecol.|baɪəʊsiːˈnəʊsɪs|
Also biocenose, biocœnose.
[mod.L., ad. Ger. biocönose (K. Möbius 1877, Die Auster und die Austernwirthschaft), f. bio- + Gr. κοίνωσις sharing (κοινός common).]
An association of organisms forming a biotic community; the relationship that exists between such organisms.
1883H. J. Rice tr. Möbius' Oyster & Oyster Culture in Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries 1880 VIII. 723 Science possesses, as yet, no word..for a community where the sum of species and individuals..have, by means of transmission, continued in possession of a certain definite territory. I propose the word Biocœnosis for such a community. Any change in any of the relative factors of a biocönose produces changes in other factors of the same. 1925I. W. Bailey in Bot. Gaz. LXXX. 93 (title) The ‘Spruce Budworm’ Biocoenose. 1957Encycl. Brit. III. 607/2 The idea of the animal community and of the fully integrated biological community or biocoenosis is largely the result of the study of shallow water populations in the sea. Ibid. VII. 917/2 Such assemblages..have been called biocoenoses, if the interrelations are especially closely knit, and they are known generally as communities. 1957Sci. News XLIII. 71 A fossil ‘community’..is seldom identical with the original biocoenose (or life community).
Hence biocœˈnology, the study of biocœnosis; biocœˈno tic a., of or pertaining to biocœnosis.
1927Biol. Abstr. 593/1 Small associations should be known as biocöenotic complexes. 1931R. N. Chapman Animal Ecol. ix. 203 From the viewpoint of biocenology the population, or biocenose, may be classified on the basis of the bond which is of primary importance in holding the population together as an ecological unit. 1939Clements & Shelford Bio-Ecology i. 10 [Gams (1918).] To him, ‘vegetation research’ is synonymous with his new term ‘biocenology’. 1957Encycl. Brit. III. 607/1 The first contributions to what is now called synecology, or perhaps better biocoenology, or the study of biological communities..were devoted solely to plants. 1967Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. V. 489 The whole population of the Posidonia meadows..cannot be considered as a single biocoenotic unit or entity. |