| 释义 |
▪ I. bier|bɪə(r)|
Forms: 1 bǽr, ber, 2–3 bære, 2–6 bere, 3 bare, 4–7 beer(e, 5–6 Sc. beyr, 5–7 bear(e, 6 beir(e, 6–7 biere, 6– bier.
[Com. Teut.: OE., WSax. bǽr, Anglian bér, = OS., OHG. bâra (MHG. bâre, mod.G. bahre), OTeut. *bêrâ fem. f. beran to bear; cf. ON. barar fem. pl., also barrow. The modern spelling (since 1600) appears to be due to imitation of the F. form bière, ad. OHG. bâra (cf. Pr. bera, It. bara).]
†1. A framework for carrying; a handbarrow; a litter, a stretcher. Obs. exc. Hist.
c890K. ælfred Bæda v. xix. (Bosw.), On his þegna handum on bære boren wæs. c975Rushw. G. John v. 8 Aris & ᵹinim bere ðine & gaa. c1300Beket 899 Ibare in barewe other in bere. 1535Coverdale 2 Macc. iii. 27 They toke him vp and bare him out vpon a beare. 1583Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 108 On beers her softlye reposing. c1600Shakes. Sonn. xii, Sommers greene all girded vp in sheaues Borne on the beare with white and bristly beard. 1851Turner Dom. Arch. I. iv. 140 Horse litters or beres were also in use.
2. The movable stand on which a corpse, whether in a coffin or not, is placed before burial; that on which it is carried to the grave.
a1000Elene (Gr.) 873 And ᵹefarenne man [hi] Brohton on bære. c1200Ormin 8167 All the bære wass bileȝȝed With bæten gold and silferr. a1300Cursor M. 20703 Four of þapostles ber þe bere. 1382Wyclif 2 Sam. iii. 31 Forsothe Dauid folwide the beere [Cov. bere]. 1565Jewel Repl. Harding (1611) 211 Whosoeuer was chosen Bishop there, should come to the Beare, and lay his Predecessours hand upon his head. 1611Bible 2 Sam. iii. 31 King Dauid himselfe followed the biere. ― Luke vii. 14 Hee came and touched the beere. 1658Sir T. Browne Hydriot. i. 7 Feretra or Beers of Wood. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. 100 He had seiz'd the Bier. 1877Bryant Lit. People Snow 303 Following the bier, Chanted a sad and solemn melody.
b. Put for the corpse on the bier. rare.
1596Spenser Astroph. 149 The dolefulst beare that euer man did see, Was Astrophel.
3. transf. A tomb, a sepulchre.
1513Douglas æneis iii. i. 116 To Polidorus wp a beir We ereckit. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 600 Tuke the Scottis in the feild war slane, To Crissin bereis in the tyme thame buir. 1596Spenser F.Q. iii. iii. 11 He was surprisd, and buried under beare. 1808Scott Marm. i. Introd., Drop upon Fox's grave a tear, 'Twill trickle to his rival's bier.
†4. to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bier: to bring to the grave or to death, to put to death; in pass., to meet one's death, die. Obs.
c1480Childe Bristowe 132 in E.P.P. (1864) 116 Sone, now y pray the, myn attourney that thu be, when y am broght to bere. 1513Douglas æneis x. x. 138 This Dardane prince Sa mony douchty corpsis brocht on beyr. 1530Lyndesay Papyngo 405. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk. Suffolk xvi, Through privy murder we brought him to his beere. Ibid. Mempr. v, When I had my brother brought on beire.
5. Comb. and attrib., as bier-carrier; † bier-balk, a balk in a field where there is a right of way for funerals; bier-cloth, a pall; † bier-right, an ordeal in which a person, accused of murder, was required to approach the corpse, and clear himself on oath; † bier-tree, the frame of a bier.
1563Homilies ii. Rogation Wk. iv. (1640) 237 Where their ancestors left of their land a broad and sufficient *beere-balke to carry the corps to the Christian sepulture.
1654Trapp Comm. Job xxxiii. 22 His life..to the *Bier-carryers, say the Tigurines.
1549Invent. Ch. Goods in Norfolk Archæol. (1865) VII. 34 Itm ij *beer clothes, whereof the on is of blacke worsted, the other of canvasse.
1693Lond. Gaz. No. 2845/4 Two black *Bier Cloths.
1828Scott F.M. Perth II. 237 I have heard of the *bier-right, Sir Louis.
c1440Bone Flor. 1350 Broght hym home on a *bere-tree.
▪ II. bier
obs. form of bear, beer, birr, buyer. |