| 释义 |
sackbut|ˈsækbʌt|
Forms: 6–7 sagbut, -bot, 6 sagbout, saggebut, 7 sagbutt, 6–7 shagbot(e, (6 shakbott, shagbush, 7 -but), 6 sackbot, 7 -butt, sacke-but, 7 sacbutt, 8–9 sacbut, 7– sackbut.
[a. F. saquebute, earlier saqueboute, -botte, etc.; not found as the name of a musical instrument earlier than the latter half of the 15th c., but presumably identical with ONF. saqueboute, explained in the 14th c. as a lance furnished with ‘an iron hook for pulling men off their horses’ (‘un grau de fer pour les garchons saquier jus de leurs quevaulz’). In the modern Norman dialect the word means a squirt. The first element is clearly ONF. saquier (= Sp., Pg. sacar) to pull, draw (which accounts for all the senses of the compound); the etymology of the second element is obscure; some scholars connect it with bouter to push.
The Sp. sacabuche (cf. the 16th c. Eng. form shagbushe), sackbut, also tube used as a pump, and the Pg. sacabucha, -buxa, with the same meanings, appear to be corrupt adoptions of the Fr. word. The Pg. word is identical in form with a word meaning a hook for drawing the wad from a gun, regularly f. saca-r to draw + bucha, buxa, wad. Possibly the Fr. word may, when adopted into Pg., have undergone assimilation to the native word and then passed in the altered form into Sp.; but evidence is wanting.]
1. a. A musical instrument of the Renaissance; a bass trumpet with a slide like that of a trombone for altering the pitch. Recently revived in the performances of some early music.
The word is to many readers known only from its occurrence in Dan. iii, where it is a mistranslation of Aramaic sabb⊇kā, which the LXX and Vulgate render (doubtless correctly) by Gr. σαµβύκη, L. sambūca, the name of a stringed instrument (see sambuca1). Coverdale 1535 (for what reason is not clear) renders the word by shawmes, thus taking it to denote a wind instrument; the Geneva translators, accepting this view, seem to have chosen the rendering ‘sackbut’ on account of its resemblance in sound to the Aramaic word. In this they have been followed by the ‘Authorized’ (1611) and ‘Revised’ (1885) Versions.
1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 51 The entrayles..be exercised by blowyng, eyther by constraint, or playeng on shaulmes, or sackbottes. 1536Wriothesley Chron. (Camden) I. 44 And shalmes, sagbuttes, and dromeslawes playing also in barges going before him. 1560Bible (Genev.) Dan. iii. 5 The cornet, trumpet, harpe, sackebut, psalteries, dulcimer, and all instruments of musicke. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 930/2 In which barge were shalmes, shagbushes, and diverse other instruments. 1638Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iii. (ed. 5) 249 As he that playes upon a Sagbut by pulling it up and downe alters his tones and tunes. 1674Playford Skill Mus. Pref. 3 The sound of a Sackbut or Trumpet, should skip from Concord to Concord. 1675Shadwell Psyche i. Wks. 1720 II. 16 Voices, Flagellets, Violins, Cornets, Sackbuts, Hautboys; all joyn in Chorus. 1797Southey Tri. Woman 108 And shrill were heard the flute, The cornet, sackbut, dulcimer, and lute. 1808Scott Marm. iv. xxxi, And sackbut deep, and psaltery. 1862Longfellow Wayside Inn Prel. 213 In vision or in trance He heard the solemn sackbut play. 1972Register of Early Music Autumn 19 (heading) People who have expressed an interest in:—Cornetts, Serpents, Sackbuts and Early Brass. 1973Early Music I. 48 (Advt.), Brass Instruments... Sackbuts, Renaissance and Baroque trumpets by Meinel & Lauber. 1978Early Music Gaz. Jan. p. 11/3 Cornett and Sackbut is a new magazine for all players of early lip-reed instruments.
†b. A player on the sackbut. Obs.
1539Rutland MSS. (1905) IV. 293 To Doctre Lee's shawmes and shagboshes that playt before my Lorde of Solfolke, iijs. iiijd. 1540in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. xii. 241 Item, for Pilligrine, sagbut, wages, xls. 1647Haward Crown Rev. 25 Six Sackbuts: Fee le peice, 24. 6. 8.
¶2. Roman Antiq. Used to render L. sambuca: see sambuca1 2. rare—1.
1756Hampton Polybius (1773) III. 131 These vessels..carried to the walls certain machines called Sackbuts.
Hence † ˈsackbut(t)er, a player on the sackbut.
1503in Cal. Doc. rel. Scotl. (1888) 347 [Warrant..to deliver..a banner..to..the K.'s five trumpetters, and also to Johannes and Edward], shakbotters. 1916Stanford & Forsyth Hist. Mus. ix. 180 Four sackbutters were enough for her grandfather. Ibid. 188 The other three are playing on brass instruments with slides. One may call them simply trombones. These are the Royal Sackbutters. |