| 释义 |
▪ I. puddling, vbl. n.|ˈpʌdlɪŋ|
[f. puddle v. + -ing1.]
The action of the verb puddle; also concr. (see 2).
1. gen.: see the verb, sense 1.
1758Mrs. Delany in Life & Corr. (1861) III. 516 We are well after four hours' walking, wondering, and puddling.
2. The process of converting clay, etc. into puddle, or of lining or covering something with puddle to make it water-tight; also concr. = puddle n. 4. Also attrib.
1762J. Brindley in S. Hughes Mem. (Weale's Papers Civ. Engin. 1844 I. 47), [It is said that when in his evidence he was making frequent use of the expression] puddling, [some of the members were anxious to know what puddle really was]. 1796Trans. Soc. Arts XIV. 238 The system of puddling in embankments made near to the sea. 1834–47J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. (1851) 125 To construct the interior of the dam with well-tempered clay, called puddling. 1861Smiles Engineers I. 353 So to work the new layer of puddling stuff as to unite it with the stratum immediately beneath.
3. a. The process of decarbonizing cast iron by stirring and turning it over continuously in a furnace, so as to render it malleable.
(The operation is described minutely by Dr. Beddoes in Phil. Trans. (1791) LXXXI. 173, but the word not used.)
1839Ure Dict. Arts 699 The second operation completes the first, and is called puddling. 1861Fairbairn Iron 9 In 1783–4, Mr Cort of Gosport introduced the processes of puddling and rolling. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss. s.v., Silicon and phosphorus are also largely removed by puddling.
b. attrib., as puddling forge, puddling furnace, puddling process, puddling roll (= puddle-roll, puddle v. 7).
1798D. Mushet in Phil. Mag. II. 14 One of the principal operations well known by the name of the Puddling Process. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 334 When the cake of metal is broken into lumps of a convenient size, it is taken to the puddling furnace, where it is heated with coals, without the aid of an artificial blast. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 704 Cylinders..which serve to draw out the ball, called puddling rolls, or roughing rolls. 1862Edin. Rev. CXVI. 226 Cinder is the refuse of the puddling forge.
4. In Gold- and Opal-mining: see puddle v. 6. Also attrib., as puddling machine, puddling tub.
1851R. Tester Wombat Wallaby 61, I spurred my little mare off, and in doing so she made a plunge, and very nearly bundled me and my mutton into the puddling tub. 1853E. Clacy Lady's Visit Gold Diggings Austral. vii. 117 The great thing is, not to be afraid of over-work, for the better the puddling is, so much the more easy and profitable is the cradling. 185616th Gen. Rep. Emigration Comm. (Colonial Office) 26 ‘Puddling machines’, which are contrivances for washing the soil by horse-power, appear to be numerous and valuable. 1859Cornwallis New World I. 133 The cradle..proved very ineffectual in liberating it [the gold] from the stiff clay..which suggested the use of a puddling tub in its stead. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right v, The wash-dirt has to be..subjected to a puddling machine. 1966J. Hackston Father clears Out 62 He was going to do something bigger this time, something better than the tin dish and the cradle—he'd borrow a puddling machine he knew of. 1971J. S. Gunn Opal Terminol. 37 Puddling tank, large dam at which wet puddling takes place.
▪ II. ˈpuddling, ppl. a.
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
That puddles, in various senses: see the verb. (In quots., a vague term of contempt: = muddling, piddling ppl. adjs.)
1764Foote Mayor of G. ii. Wks. 1799 I. 184 You paltry, puddling puppy. 1777Lady S. Lennox in Life & Lett. (1901) I. 260 At a little pudling bathing place of my brother's by the sea. 1803M. Charlton Wife & Mistress I. 105 Rescued..from the absurd and puddling management of its inconsistent mother. |