| 释义 |
Rydberg Physics.|ˈrɪdbɜːg|
The name of Johannes Robert Rydberg (1854–1919), Swedish physicist.
1. Used attrib. and in the possessive to designate various concepts developed by him, as Rydberg('s) constant, an atomic constant, evaluated from several of the fundamental constants of physics, which appears in the formulae for the wave numbers of lines in all atomic spectra (in the case of a hypothetical atom whose nucleus has infinite mass, equal to 2π2me4/ch3, where m and e are the rest mass and charge of the electron, c is the speed of light, and h is Planck's constant); see also R III. 4; Rydberg correction, a correction term appearing in the formula for the energy of the single electron in the outermost shell of hydrogen-like atoms, arising because the inner shells do not screen the electron completely from the nucleus; Rydberg('s) formula, an empirical formula giving the wave numbers of frequencies of the lines in the spectral series of atoms and simple molecules.
1913Phil. Mag. XXVI. 489 An attempt to explain the appearance of Rydberg's constant in the formula for the line-spectrum of any element. 1920, etc. [see R III. 4]. 1937Ann. Reg. 1936 ii. 61 Birge..pointed out that the substitution of well-established values for e/m and h/e in the Bohr formula for the Rydberg constant gives a value for e nearly half of 1 per cent less than the others. 1955C. G. Darwin in W. Pauli Niels Bohr 7 There can be few other cases in science where a theory has been made which succeeds in yielding a particular number—here Rydberg's constant—from quantities all of which are known, without the admissibility of any adjustable constant to help in doing so. 1979Sci. Amer. Mar. 74/3 Later refinements have complicated Rydberg's empirical formula for the wavelengths of spectral lines, and so the Rydberg constant is now defined as this combination of m, e and h.
1927J. W. Fisher tr. Born's Mechanics of Atom iii. 160 Rydberg was the first to suggest this form and verified it by measurements of numerous spectra. We shall therefore denote the quantity δ as the Rydberg correction. 1936Discovery Jan. 28/1 The quantisation of the Rydberg correction into multiples of a fundamental unit. 1974G. Reece tr. Hund's Hist. Quantum Theory vii. 95 Schroedinger in 1921 realized that the essential point for the interpretation of the large ‘Rydberg corrections’ was that the s orbits dipped deep into the atom.
1913Phil. Mag. XXVI. 12 The constant K entering in Rydberg's formula is the same for all substances. 1974G. Reece tr. Hund's Hist. Quantum Theory vii. 97 In 1914 A. Fowler, inspired by Bohr's theory of the He+ lines, showed that for the doublet series of these elements Rydberg formulae held with 4R and that they therefore belonged to Mg+ and Ca+.
2. (Also written rydberg.)
a. A unit of energy given by e2/2a0 (approximately 2·425 × 10-18 joule), where e is the electronic charge and a0 is the radius of the first Bohr orbit for a nucleus of infinite mass. Freq. attrib. as Rydberg unit.
1935Jrnl. Chem. Physics III. 563/2 The first choice would lower all [energy] values by 2·3 Rydberg units. 1944Physical Rev. LVI. 336/1 The energy difference of curves III and IV is 0·44 Rydberg units more in Fig. 5 than it is in Fig. 4. 1954Ibid. XCIV. 1519/2 (caption) Energy integrals (in Rydbergs) for diamond. 1975Nature 27 Mar. 297/2 If gas accretion by this object produces all the ionising radiation required to maintain the H II region at the galactic centre, the luminosity of this radiation is Li = 1·9 × 108L0..if the energy per photon is 2 rydberg.
b. A name proposed for the unit of wave number, cm-1; = kayser.
1951C. Candler in Nature 21 Apr. 649 Call ‘cm.-1’ by some new name, such as ‘Rydberg’, however, and the difficulty disappears. Absorptions can be conveniently recorded in ‘kilo-rydbergs’... The name ‘Rydberg’ was suggested to me many years ago by Prof. H. Dingle. |