| 释义 |
rustication|rʌstɪˈkeɪʃən|
[ad. L. rusticātio, noun of action f. rusticārī: see rusticate v.]
1. The action of retiring to, or living in, the country; a spell of residence in the country; † a rural pursuit or occupation.
1623Cockeram, Rustication, a dwelling in the Countrey. 1696Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 366, I confess I am foolishly fond of these and other rustications. 1783Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 23 July, Whether this short rustication has done me any good I cannot tell. 1805Lamb Let. to Wordsw. in Final Mem. iv. 228 We have been two tiny excursions this summer for three or four days each..: and this is the total history of our rustications this year. 1823Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 29/1 How absurd it would be to offer to the higher orders the exclusive use of peaches, nectarines, and apricots, as the premium of rustication. 1890J. Dickie Words of Faith, etc. (1893) 342, I hope that your rustications, at this time, may set up your bodily vigour a little.
b. The condition naturally attaching to life in the country.
1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 18 Apr., I am here in a state of absolute rustication. 1809Malkin Gil Blas iv. iv. ⁋12 A young person brought up in a state of rustication, and..unacquainted with the manners of a court.
2. Temporary dismissal from a university; an instance or period of this.
1734in Peirce Hist. Harvard Univ. (1833) App. 142 All public admonitions, rustications, and degradations,..shall be by the President and Tutors. 1779Johnson L.P., Milton, It seems plain from his own verses to Diodati, that he had incurred rustication, a temporary dismission into the country, with perhaps the loss of a term. 1825C. Westmacott English Spy I. 129 A severe imposition and sometimes rustication. 1854‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green ii. vi, A humorous series of plucks, rustications, and heavy debts. 1887Dowden Life Shelley I. iii. 122 A sentence of rustication might have sufficed for an offence against discipline.
3. The action of banishing, or the state of being banished, into the country.
1751Johnson Rambler No. 195 ⁋12 His father, after some threats of rustication.., reduced the allowance of his pocket. 1806Col. Hutchinson's Mem. 56 note, From the moment of Cardinal Richlieu's coming into power under Louis the XIIIth to Neckar's return to power after his rustication under Louis XVIth. 1818Scott Rob Roy ii, I persuaded myself, that all I had to apprehend was some temporary alienation of affection—perhaps a rustication of a few weeks. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey I. 62 Athos..is used as a place of rustication for refractory prelates.
4. Arch. The action or practice of rusticating masonry; the style of masonry produced by this.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 174 An ornament..of large square blocks as parts of the shaft, which are called rustication, and are sometimes roughened. 1841Penny Cycl. XX. 272/1 Rustication..is now almost entirely banished from architectural design. 1895Times 14 Jan. 14/2 A good building..spoilt by an abuse of ‘rustication’, which deprives it of all dignity.
b. A rustic feature or part.
1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 381/1 The destruction of the form of the columns, rustications, &c. 1848Rickman Archit. 17 Many architects have given to this order..large square blocks, as parts of the shaft, which are called rustications. |