| 释义 |
rustic, a. and n.|ˈrʌstɪk|
Forms: 5 rustyk, 6 rustike, 6–7 rusticke, rustique, 6–8 rustick, 7– rustic.
[ad. L. rūstic-us, f. rūs country. So F. rustique (14th c.).]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to the country (as opposed to the town); found in the country.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 1027 Aftir hem is best Of rose⁓mary, and sauery; thenne is noon So good as they but rustyk swete vchoon. 1578Timme Calvin on Gen. 127 The whole life rustike is hurtless, simple, and most of all framed to the true order of Nature. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 84 Of that kind Our rusticke Garden's barren. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People 104, I think it is of vast consequence both to the farmer and the public to extend the use of oxen for all rustic business. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, A rustic hall and two excellent sitting-rooms. 1815Scott Ld. of Isles iv. xxx, The spot where his bold train Held rustic camp upon the plain. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. iv, Something like this..must be the prevalent notion of Snow Hill in those remote and rustic parts. 1877Talmage Serm. 370 So we all understand rustic allusions.
b. In names of plants, animals, insects, etc.
1601Holland Pliny II. 85 Bacchar is named by some Rustick-Nard. 1620Venner Via Recta iii. 63 Woodcocks... Some iudge them to approch somewhat neere vnto the nature of the Partridge, and therefore is of them called the rusticke Partridge. 1781J. Barbut Insects Index, Ord. ii. Gen. 8, Cimex Campestris, the rustic-cimex. 1781Pennant Hist. Quadrup. II. 448 Rustic Rat, Mus Agrarius. 1832J. Rennie Butterfl. & M. 71 The Rustic Shoulder Knot..appears the beginning of June. Ibid. 72 The Rustic Mourner..appears in August.
†c. Rustic war, the peasant war of 1525 in Germany. Obs.—1 (Cf. rustical A. 3 b.)
1732Neal Hist. Purit. (1822) I. 48 Among others that fled out of Germany into England, from the Rustic war, there were some that went by the name of Anabaptists.
2. Of persons: Living in the country as opposed to the town; following country occupations; of peasant or agricultural stock or condition.
1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 16 The abundance of people and plenty of vittailes are the strongest sinewes of all kingdomes, and therefore the Romaines highly prized the rusticke diuision for their numbers and prouision. 1620Venner Via Recta i. 19 It is most meete for rusticke labourers. 1681H. Nevile Plato Rediv. 61 The Rustick Tribes being twenty seven, and the vrbane Tribes nine. 1750Gray Elegy xxi, And many a holy text around she strews, That teach the rustic moralist to die. 1784Cowper Task iv. 708 Assembling..The rustic throng beneath his fav'rite beech. 1821Shelley Epipsych. 485 A lone dwelling, built by whom or how None of the rustic island-people know. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 596 If Beaufort and his rustic followers could be overpowered before the regular troops arrived. 1883‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 295 We are only rustic people.
†b. = rustical a. 2 b. Obs.—1
1643tr. Hildanus' Exper. Chyrurg. ii. 4 Those of a hard and rustique flesh, and which are strong men, require more stronger Remedies.
3. Of persons: Having the appearance or manners of country people; lacking in elegance, refinement, or education; sometimes, devoid of good-breeding, clownish, boorish.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. ii. 71 After they haue put the..pretiest of them into the Sarail of the great Turke, send the other being the most rustique..to labour and till the ground. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. Introd. v, But let that same delitious Poet lend A little leaue vnto a rusticke Muse To sing his mistresse prayse. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 306, I am not altogether so rustick, and nothing so irreligious. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 72/1 A Rustick Fellow, one without City or School breeding, without cleanliness, and of a slovenly Speech. a1720Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) II. vii. 53 G. Croese, who writ the pretended history of the Quakers, calls him a rustick fellow. 1743H. Walpole Lett. to Mann (1834) I. xcii. 322 You see how rustic I am grown again. 1847J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Church iv. 173, I Patrick a sinner, the most rustic, and the least of all the faithful.
absol.1841Emerson Ess., Love, It [love] is the dawn of civility and grace in the coarse and rustic.
4. Characteristic or typical of countryfolk or peasants; esp. unmannerly, unrefined; rough.
1589Greene Tullies Loue Wks. (Grosart) VII. 215 Fabius..as famous for his rusticke and vnciuile life, as now he is woondred at for his braue and courtly behauiour. 1628Feltham Resolves i. viii. 20 Sores are not to bee anguish't with a rusticke pressure. 1637R. Humfrey tr. St. Ambrose i. 126, I doe not approve..of unmannerly and rusticke behaviour. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lii. 82 That rustic contempt for the fair sex, which James affected. 1784Cowper Task ii. 457 This is fulsome; and offends me more Than..rustic coarseness would. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) II. 133 The rustic customs of the Afghauns are also in a great measure laid aside. 1873Hale In His Name viii. 71 That dialect of rustic Latin.
b. Plain and simple; unsophisticated; having the charm of the country.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. v. iv. 183 Meane time, forget this new-falne dignitie, And fall into our Rusticke Reuelrie. 1634Milton Comus 849 For which the Shepherds at their festivals Carrol her goodnes lowd in rustick layes. 1700Dryden Ovid's Art of Love i. 685 Lay bashfulness, that rustic virtue, by. 1738Johnson London 79 [My] rustick tongue Ne'er knew to puzzle right, or varnish wrong. 1855G. Brimley Ess. 48 The rustic grace and sweetness of the May Queen. 1860Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. i. i. 4 Another use of words may be forced upon us by a new aspect of facts, so that we may find ourselves saying: ‘Such and such a person is very gentle and kind—he is quite rustic’.
5. Of rude or country workmanship; of a plain or simple form or structure; spec. constructed of undressed branches or roots of trees.
1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 19 He rose and put his rustic ring on my finger. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 433 Ith' midst an Altar as the Land-mark stood Rustic, of grassie sord. 1752Mrs. Delany Life & Corr. (1861) III. 89 Three rustick arches, set off with ivy, moss, icicles, and all the rocky appurtenances. 1784Cowper Task i. 267 Descending now..upon a rustic bridge We pass a gulph. 1826Scott Woodst. ii, The gentleman and lady continued to advance, directing their course to a rustic seat. 1834L. Ritchie Wand. by Seine 73 The court..paved in rustic mosaic, is precious in the eyes of antiquaries. 1872Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes (1879) 30 Two rustic bridges span the chasm.
b. Of letters: Having a free or negligent form; applied spec. to one of the styles employed in early Latin manuscripts (in contrast to square).
1784T. Astle Orig. & Progr. Writing 79 The Rustic capitals were bold, negligent, unequal, composed of strokes, generally oblique, sometimes extravagant, and always inelegant. 1873E. Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. i. 4/2 Vaguely formed ‘rustic’ or other free-hand letters are in bad taste on such drawings. 1883I. Taylor Alphabet II. 163 The earliest codices..are usually written in Capitals. There are two types, ‘Square’ and ‘Rustic’.
6. Arch. Characterized by a surface artificially roughened or left rough-hewn, or by having the joints (esp. the horizontal ones) deeply sunk or chamfered; also, † of or pertaining to the Tuscan order.
1563Shute Archit. E iiij b, Rusticke or Rughe hewed stone. 1663Gerbier Counsel 29 The Tuscan Column, or Rustick, Base and Capital. 1697Evelyn Architects & Archit. Misc. Wks. (1825) 405 Tuscan, Rustic, or by what⁓ever name dignified, or disgrac'd. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 400 The Work is rustic, made with Knobs or Protuberances..without being smoothed. 1766Entick London IV. 11 The present structure [is made] of brick, strengthened by rustic quoins of stone at the corners. 1841Penny Cycl. XX. 272/1 Some tasteful specimens of rustic quoining. 1842Gwilt Encycl. Arch. 1027 Rustic Order, a species of building wherein the faces of the stones are hatched or picked with the point of a hammer. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2007/2.
b. rustic work, masonry of this type.
1715Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 33 Rustick-work..does not look well, unless..in a very large Building. 1811Self Instructor 140 Bricklayers' work,..piers, pilasters, rustic work. 1841Penny Cycl. XX. 272 Of this kind is the rustic work of the Königsbau at Munich. 1859Turner Dom. Archit. III. ii. 391 The front to the courtyard is faced with that peculiar kind of masonry called rustic-work.
7. Comb., as rustic-like adj. and adv.
1558T. Phaer Virgil, Life (1584) A vj b, This Poet..seemeth to doubt least that Ecloge which is intituled Pollio, will not appeare rusticklike enough. 1683D. A. Art of Converse 19 Telling you more rustick-like yet to be silent, and let them speak.
B. n.
1. A countryman, a peasant.
c1550in Duncumb Hereford (1804) I. 339 There are other markett-townes..wherein are both natives and rusticks of auncient tyme. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. ii. 71 b, The figure following..is of the Azamoglan Rustique. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 735 How now (Rustiques); whither are you bound? 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 173 Your Rustics and Handicraft-men never pare their Nails. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 178 In how many countrey affairs must the scholar take the rustic for his master? 1782Cowper Let. to J. Hill 7 Dec., For instance, here are two rustics and your humble servant in company. 1828Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 196 Strange and half unwarrantable that he should do such honour to a rustic. 1862M. E. Braddon Aurora Floyd i, The Kentish rustics know very little of this City banking-house.
b. A boorish or rude person. rare.
1706Addison Rosamond i. iii, Thou art a rustick to call me so; I'm not ugly nor old. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) II. 766/2 He who finds fault with any rusticity, is himself a rustic.
c. One of several species of noctuid moths, as the garden rustic, grey rustic, mottled (etc.) rustic.
1819G. Samouelle Entom. Comp. 420. 1832 J. Rennie Butterfl. & M. 50, etc.
2. Arch. Rustic work. (Cf. A. 6.)
1731Pope Ep. Burlington 34 Then clap four slices of Pilaster on't, That, lac'd with bits of rustic, makes a Front. 1796Morse Amer. Geogr. I. 489 The lower part is of a light rustic. 1817D. Hughson Walks thro' London 216 Rock-work, or rustic, can never be better introduced than in buildings by the side of water. 1842Gwilt Encycl. Arch. §2669 We now return to the subject of the rock-worked rustic, whereof, above, some notice was promised.
Comb.1762–71Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 96 His arched windows, his rustic-laced windows,..are striking proofs of his want of taste.
b. A stone († or joint) of the kind employed in rustic work. Usually in pl.
1728R. Morris Anc. Archit. 76 An uniform Disposition of equidistant Cavities, term'd Rusticks. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) II. 242 The rustics may either be plain, hatched, or vermiculated. 1813Gentl. Mag. LXXXIII. i. 37/2 A sort of rock-work, giving birth to that species of masonry termed ‘Rough Rustics’. 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 357/1 The principal front is faced with red kiln-burnt bricks, with bath-stone rustics to the quoins. 1842Gwilt Encycl. Arch. §2666 When square joints are used, they should not be wider than one eighth part of the height of the rustic itself.
3. Country dialect.
1841Penny Cycl. XX. 84/1 Sardinian Rustic. |