| 释义 |
benzo- before a vowel benz-. Chem.
[f. benzoic.]
A formative of the names of substances belonging to, or derived from, the benzene series.
ˈbenzamide, C7H7NO, the amide of benzoic acid, a crystalline substance; benzhydrol, a camphor obtained from oil of cassia, or one of its constituents. ˈbenzidine, an organic alkali, C12H12N2, deposited in crystals by the reduction of azobenzene. ˈbenzil, -ile, a yellowish crystalline substance, C14H10O2, formed by the action of oxidizing agents on benzoin; hence ˈbenzilam, ˈbenzilim (benzilimide), products of the action of ammonia on benzil. benˈzilic acid, C14H12O3; a salt of which is a ˈbenzilate. ˈbenzoate, a salt of benzoic acid; hence, ˈbenzoated a. benzocaine |ˈbɛnzəʊkeɪn| [-caine, after cocaine], a white crystalline powder, ethyl para-amino-benzoate, used mainly as a local anæsthetic. benˈzoicin, an artificial fat obtained by the action of benzoic acid on glycerin. ˈbenzone, the ketone of benzoic acid (diphenyl ketone), a crystalline substance. benzoˈnitrile, cyanide of phenyl, C7H5N, a clear, colourless oil, smelling like bitter almonds. benzophenone (= benzone). benzoyl |ˈbɛnzəʊɪl|, the hypothetical radical, C7H5O, of benzoic acid and its kindred compounds; hence, benzoˈylic a. benzpyrene |ˌbɛnzˈpaɪəriːn| [pyrene2], a carcinogenic hydrocarbon found in coal-tar, etc. ˈbenzyl, the hypothetical radical, C6H5.CH2, contained in benzyl alcohol and many other substances; hence, benˈzylic a. ˈbenzylaˌmine, N.C7H7.H2, an aromatic base metameric with toluidine, a colourless liquid. ˈbenzylene, a hypothetical diatomic radical, C7H6, found in chlorobenzyl; hence, benzyˈlenic a. Also in innumerable combinations as benz-hydramide; benzo-acetic, benzo-carbolic, benzo-glycolic, benzo-lactic, benzo-tartaric, etc.
1882Boston Jrnl. Chem. Feb. 13/2 It is a by-product in the manufacture of benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and benzoic ethers.
1850Daubeny Atom. The. viii. 244 Benzamide was regarded as a compound of a body called amidogen (H2N)..with the radical of benzoic acid.
1877Watts Fownes' Chem. 815 Hippuric Acid, or Benzamidacetic Acid, is produced by the action of benzoyl chloride on the zinc salt of amidacetic acid. Ibid. 825 Benzilic Acid is produced by the action of alcoholic potash on benzoin.
1878Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXIV. 668 This glyoxal derivative of benzidine differs from the preceding compounds. 1916Cross & Bevan Paper-Making (ed. 4) ix. 261 Benzidine is para-diamino-diphenyl, composed of two benzene rings joined together, each containing the amino radical NH2. 1946Nature 30 Nov. 791/2 Such soil extracts gave a strong blue coloration with benzidine. 1966G. P. Ellis Mod. Textbk. Org. Chem. xiv. 366 Benzidine (4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl)..is obtained by an interesting isomerization (the benzidine rearrangement) of hydrazobenzene..when it is heated with an acid. 1967Karch & Buber Offset Processes vii. 268 Benzidine yellows also are very strong, but not as fast to light as the Hansa yellows, but are more transparent.
1806Davy in Phil. Trans. XCVII. 18 Benzoate of ammonia, and alum were used. 1810Henry Elem. Chem. (1826) II. 237 The compounds, which this [benzoic] acid forms with alkaline and earthy bases, called benzoates. 1876Gross Dis. Bladder 274 Benzoated zinc ointment.
1922Chem. Abstr. 1487 Benzocaine..was formerly made in Germany and sold under the name ‘anesthesine’. The Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the Am. Med. Assoc. adopted the newer name. 1959Sunday Graphic 25 Jan. 4 (Advt.), De Witt's Antibiotic Throat Lozenges also employ benzocaine, the swift pain⁓killer.
1927A. W. Stewart Rec. Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 5) I. vi. 123 The polyketide derivatives yield members of the pyrone, benzopyrone, benzpyrene, pyridine, and isoquinolone series. 1951M. J. D. White in G. H. Bourne Cytology (ed. 2) v. 221, 1, 2, 5, 6-dibenzanthracene and benzpyrene..have been shown to produce chromosome rearrangements in Drosophila.
1865Mansfield Salts 399 Two of the atoms of Carbon in the Benzylic molecule. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 407 This is termed the Benzyl series. 1920Lancet 4 Sept. 512/1 A man..complained of persistent hiccough... He was given a 20 per cent. solution of benzyl benzoate. 1932Times 1 Nov. (Brit. Industries no.) p. xxiv/4 A recent development in the plastics industry involves the use of esters and derivatives of cellulose or wood fibre, such as benzyl cellulose. 1947Arnstein & Cook in Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Path. XXVIII. 94 The present paper records..experiments leading to the final identification of the major constituent of the material as penicillin-II (penicillin-G or benzylpenicillin). 1951Yarsley & Kitchen in H. M. Langton Synth. Resins (ed. 3) ii. 107 Benzyl cellulose..is thermoplastic and can be heated up to 180° C without fear of decomposition.
▸ benzoquinone n. either of two isomeric yellow crystalline compounds, having a structure similar to benzene but with two hydrogen atoms replaced by oxygen atoms to form carbonyl groups; (also) any substituted derviative of these; also called quinone.
Formula: C6H4O2.
1888Science 13 Jan. 20/1 (title) On carboxylated derivatives of *benzoquinone. 1951I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. xxvii. 713 The yellow colour of p-benzoquinone is due to the presence of the quinonoid structure. 1990Carcinogenesis 11 1349/1 The carcinogenicity of benzene has be considered to be in part mediated by its chemically reactive metabolic product benzoquinone. 2003New Scientist 6 Sept. 22/2 The millipedes secrete toxic chemicals called benzoquinones, apparently to fend off predators. |