| 释义 |
Benioff, n. Geol.|ˈbɛnɪɒf|
[The name of (Victor) Hugo Benioff (1899–1968), U.S. seismologist.]
1. Used attrib. and absol. with reference to a type of seismograph invented by Benioff (Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1935, XXV. 283–309), in which a horizontal rod, fixed at one end, carries an armature at its free end that is separated by a small gap from a fixed permanent magnet, so that movement of the rod induces a voltage in the armature.
1936N. H. Heck Earthquakes vi. 77 The Benioff seismometer differs..in that the principle of the horizontal pendulum is not used. 1938Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. XXVIII. 217 The long-period Benioff record for a portion of an ordinary day. Ibid., The general effect of the dying out of traffic on the short-period Benioff is illustrated. 1958C. F. Richter Elem. Seismol. xv. 225 The Benioff seismometer adapts well to long-period recording. 1968Trans. Amer. Geophysical Union XLIX. 499/1 The Benioff variable reluctance seismograph, developed in 1935, was selected for use in the worldwide standard seismograph network.
2. Benioff zone: an inclined zone of high seismicity situated beneath island-arc systems at the overlap of oceanic crust and a continental margin.
1968Sci. News 30 Mar. 301/2 What started the hypothesis was doctoral candidate George E. Rouse's observation that the deep quake zones around the planet—called Benioff zones—all seem to lie at surprisingly similar angles. 1971I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xix. 271/1 These inclined zones of seismicity characterize all active island-arc systems and are known as Benioff zones. 1972Sci. Amer. May 57/3 Inclined earthquake zones, called Benioff zones, underlie active volcanic chains and have a variety of complex shapes. 1984Nature 9 Feb. 505/1 The existence in deep Benioff zones of persistent planes of failure, or faults, has been an open question. |