| 释义 |
ptisan, n.|ˈtɪzən, tɪˈzæn|
Forms: α. 5 thisan(e, tizanne, tysane, 5–6 tysan, 6 -ant(e, 6–8 tisan, 6–9 tisane, 8 tissane. β. 6 ptysan(e, ptisant, 7 ptizand, -anne, phtisan, 8 ptisen, 8–9 ptissan, 9 ptisanne, 6–9 ptisane, 6– ptisan.
[a. F. tisane (14th c. tizanne, 16th c. ptisane) = Pr. tisana, tipsana, Sp. and It. tisana, ad. L. ptisana (also in med.L. tipsana), a. Gr. πτισάνη peeled or pearl barley, also a drink made from this, f. πτίσσειν to peel, to winnow, to crush or bray as in a mortar.]
1. A palatable decoction of nourishing and slightly medicinal quality; originally a drink made of barley, barley-water (simple or with admixture of other ingredients); now often applied more widely.
α1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cxv. (Bodl. MS.), Of barlich ischeled and isode in water is a medicinable drinke ymade þat phisicians clepen Thisan. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 139 In þe v. day he took þikke tizanne [v.r. tysan]. c1440Promp. Parv. 494/2 Tysane, drynke, ptisana. 1567Turberv. Epitaphs, etc. 97 b, They will refuse the Tysants taste. 1596Danett tr. Comines (1614) 15 A little of the tysan the Earle had drunke of. 1709Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. I. 126 He could not confine himself to Wine and Water, or Tissanes. 1854Badham Halieut. 119 Paul of ægina advises that the patient quaff a light tisane.
β1533Elyot Cast. Helthe ii. xxi. (1541) 34 b, Ptysane is none other than pure barley, braied in a morter, and sodden in water. 1544T. Phaer Regim. Life (1553) G j b, Drynke a ptisane made of barley, lyquyryce, prunes, and the rotes of fenel. 1562W. Bullein Bulwark, Bk. Simples 8 b, And of cleane Barly and puer Water, is made that excellente Water called Ptisant. 1612Enchir. Med. ii. 237 In the stead of wine, wee must vse Ptizand. 1643J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. vii. 30 Let his drinke be phtisan. 1662J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 15 The benefit I had by the drinking of Ptizanne. 1699Garth Dispens. iii. (1700) 36 Thrice happy were those Golden Days of old When dear as Burgundy, Ptisans were sold. 1772T. Percival Ess. (1777) I. 327 He had drank about a pint of the ptisan. 1858[see 2]. 1885Burton Arab. Nts. III. 94 The old woman ceased not to..ply him with ptisanes and diet-drinks.
†2. Peeled or husked barley. Obs. rare.
[1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxx. (Bodl. MS.), Tipsana..is barliche istampid in a morter & furste dried & scheled.] 1601Holland Pliny II. 33 Vnlesse it be taken with Ptisane, or husked Barly alone. 1858Mayne Expos. Lex., Ptisana, barley pounded and made into balls; also, a drink made of farinaceous substances boiled in water and sweetened; a ptisan, tisane, more correctly, perhaps, ptissan.
3. attrib. and Comb., as ptisan-broth, ptisan-vender.
1590P. Barrough Meth. Physick 228 Minister againe Ptisane broth. 1815Paris Chit-chat (1816) I. 61 Narrow-brimmed hats, fit only for ptisan venders.
Hence ˈptisan v. trans., to feed with ptisan; ptiˈsanery [Fr. tisanerie], the making of ptisan; the place in a hospital where ptisan is made.
1844Tupper Twins xxi, I am obliged to coddle her, and feed her, and ptisan her, like a sick baby. 1843Le Fevre Life Trav. Phys. I. i. vii. 147 He would not allow that anything French could be innocent, not even its ptisannery. |