| 释义 |
runic, a. and n.|ˈruːnɪk|
Also 7, 8 runick.
[ad. mod.L. runicus, f. ON. rún rune n.2 So F. runique.]
A. adj.
1. a. Consisting of runes.
1662Evelyn Chalcogr. iii, Lyons, bears,..&c. wrought on the hardest rocks, together with Runic characters. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 432 [A stone] with Runic characters still remaining upon it. 1763Percy Five Pieces Runic Poet. Pref., The Characters in which this language was originally written, were called Runic. 1789Sir W. Jones Wks. (1799) I. 86 Many of the Runick letters appear to have been formed of similar elements. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iv. iv. 273 The Manx Runic alphabet. 1870Farrar Fam. Speech ii. (1873) 74 Instead of the old linear runic characters, he introduced an alphabet founded on the Greek. 1948[see rune2 1]. 1962G. Clauson Turkish & Mongolian Stud. v. 72 The Runic alphabet is in a class by itself. 1968W. S. Allen Vox Graeca i. 37 Special symbols are found only in the Old Germanic Runic and Old Celtic Ogham systems of writing. 1973Cassell's Encycl. World Lit. i. 412/1 Orhon Inscriptions, the most important of the oldest surviving specimens of the Turkish language... They are inscribed in the Turkish runic alphabet.
b. Carved or written in runes; expressed by means of runes.
1685W. Nicolson in Phil. Trans. XV. 1287 Giving you a more perfect Account of our two Runic Inscriptions at Beau-Castle and Bridekirk. 1775Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. 25 Modern travellers report, that there are Runic inscriptions now existing in the deserts of Tartary. 1840Carlyle Heroes i. (1904) 28 Snorro tells us..that Odin invented Poetry; the music of human speech, as well as that miraculous runic marking of it. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times i. (1878) 11 A short Runic inscription. 1890Murray's Lincolnshire 195 A scarcely decipherable Runic legend.
c. Inscribed with runes.
1728Chambers Cyclopædia s.v., There are some Runic Medals in the Closets of the Curious. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 284 The ridiculous superstitions with which the Runic calendars abound beyond all others. 1825T. D. Fosbroke Encycl. Antiq. 87 To this period [16th cent.] we may assign the first Runic Obelisks. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iv. iv. 267 The most remarkable relic..is the beautiful Runic-brooch. 1855M. Arnold Stanzas fr. Grande Chartreuse 83 As..a Greek In pity and mournful awe might stand Before some fallen Runic stone.
d. Of or pertaining to runes; concerned with runes.
1861J. Farrer Let. 28 Sept. in J. M. Mitchell Mesehowe (1863) p. viii, I shall send one to an English Runic scholar. 1862P. A. Munch in J. Farrer Notice Runic Inscr. Orkneys 29 In the later times of the Runic period. 1868G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 94 The ‘Scandinavian Futhork’ is..a peculiar modification and compendium of the common Runic traditions. Ibid. 410 This runic drama was not yet ended. 1881Yorkshire Archæol. & Topogr. Jrnl. 1879–80 54 His learning was of a very varied character. ‘Anglo-Saxon’ and Runic lore was that by which he was best known. 1953Saga-bk. Viking Soc. XIII. 281 Random runic studies in the eighteenth century. 1973R. I. Page Introd. Eng. Runes i. 3 It was the scholars of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries who put English runic studies on a sound basis. Ibid. 4 His [sc. George Hickes's] Thesaurus contained a large amount of runic material. Ibid., Runic knowledge. Ibid. viii. 113 A living runic tradition there.
2. a. Of poetry, etc.: Such as might be written in runes; belonging to the peoples or the age which made use of runes; esp. ancient Scandinavian or Icelandic. Now rare.
This use of the word (cf. B. 1) is mainly due to Olaus Wormius, who used Literatura Runica as a name for ancient Scandinavian literature, and in 1650 published an Icelandic dictionary (compiled by Magnús Ólafsson) under the title of Specimen Lexici Runici.
1690Temple Ess., Poetry 25 Among the antient Western Goths.. the Runick Poetry seems to have been as old as their letters. 1699Garth Dispens. iv. (1730) 123 Up these Walls much Gothick Lumber climbs, With Swiss Philosophy and Runick Rhymes. 1726Bolingbroke Study Hist. ii. (1752) 12 The triumphs of Odin were celebrated in runic Songs. 1763Percy (title), Five Pieces of Runic Poetry, translated from the Islandic Language. 1828Scott F.M. Perth vi, I told him that his runic rhymes were no proof against the weapons which fought at Loncarty. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) I. ii. i. 330 In Iceland where the language of their runic literature is still a living tongue.
b. transf. Applied to ancient Scottish poetry or poets.
a1759Collins Ode Superst. Highl. Scot. 41 At every pause before the mind possest Old Runick bards shall seem to rise around. 1762Foote Orator i. Wks. 1799 I. 205 Gentlemen who have..rummaged the Highlands of Scotland and Ireland for the remains of Runic poetry. 1813Hogg Queen's Wake 12 She heard the Caledonian lyre Pour forth its notes of runic fire.
3. a. Belonging to ancient Scandinavia or the ancient North.
1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 192 These Places of Election..have been from all Antiquity proper to the old Runick Kingdoms. 1762Falconer Shipwr. i. 814 The hardy offspring of some Runic dame. 1786Polwhele tr. Theocritus, etc. (1792) II. 52 We recollect the Scythian or Runic mythology. 1813Scott Rokeby iv. i, [They] Fix'd on each vale a Runic name. 1822Byron Juan viii. xxiii, Time, Which settles all things, Roman, Greek, or Runic.
b. Of ornament: Of the interlacing type (originally Celtic) which is characteristic of rune-bearing monuments, metal-work, etc.
1838Britton Dict. Archit. & Archæol. 404 Runic-Knot, Danish Knot, a twisted ornament common on buildings of the Anglo-Saxon, or Danish era. 1848Rickman Archit. 73 Amongst these ornaments the interlaced figures called Runic are of frequent occurrence. 1872Ellacombe Bells of Ch. in Ch. Bells Devon vii. 360 The upper part is..beautifully inlaid with interlaced ribbon patterns, or runic knots of gold, silver, [etc.].
B. n.
†1. The ancient Scandinavian tongue. Obs.
1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 85 The Teutonick and Runick were one and the same Language. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts (1683) 146 The Danes can continue such a series of sense out of their present language and the old Runick. 1690Temple Ess., Poetry 44 Mara in old Runick was a Goblin that seized upon Men asleep.
2. a. A runic inscription.
1866G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. p. xxvii, We have this formula also in Scandinavian-runics.
b. One of the runic alphabets. Also in pl., runic characters collectively (rare).
1863J. M. Mitchell Mesehowe 32 It is probable that only one or two of the best educated in each ship could write or read the Runic. 1868G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 94, 4 of these [letters] (the h—for which the Runic prefers the Phœnician mark for ch—, the z, the gh and the sh) are more or less wanting in the Runic. Ibid. 157 In Scandinavian-runics, when the w had quite died out. Ibid. 159 In Scandinavian-runics the old rune for y lingers on for a time. 1886T. Le M. Douse Introd. Gothic of Ulfilas i. 16 Of the foregoing letters, urus and faíhu are runes..baírka, eis, ôthal, and perhaps, quaírthr, common to runic and Greek. 1961M. Savill tr. E. Doblhoffer's Voices in Stone ix. 280 The traveller discovered an impressive granite monument engraved with three inscriptions:..the third in ‘Siberian’ runic. 1963Times 4 June 14/6 And after thousands and thousands and thousands of years, and after Hieroglyphics, and Demotics, and Nilotics, and Cryptics, and Cufics, and Runics, and Dorics, and Ionics, and all sorts of other ricks and tricks..the fine old easy, understandable Alphabet—A, B, C, D, E, and the rest of 'em—got back into its proper shape again for all the Best Beloveds to learn when they are old enough.
3. Ent. A name given to certain moths.
1832J. Rennie Consp. Butterfl. & M. 81 The Runic (Diphthera runica..) appears the beginning of June. Ibid. 221 The Small Runic (Ypsolophus sequellus..) appears in August, on hedges.
4. Typog. A style of display lettering (in the Roman alphabet) having a thickened face and often of a condensed form.
1873Specimen of Printing Types (Reed & Fox), Eight lines Pica Runic,..Two lines Double Pica Runic. 1900De Vinne Typog. 327 Another style of runic is made with all lower-case characters, but of slightly expanded form.
Hence runic-like a.
1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 69 That Runick-like nothing might in it chance, Art's self, and all her Strength consulted was. |