| 释义 |
▪ I. ruck, n.1|rʌk|
Forms: α. 3 ruke, 5 roke, 6 Sc. rouk, 6–7 rooke, 7 rowke, 9 dial. rook, rouk. β. 6 ruk, 6–7 rucke, 7 rukk(e, 6– ruck.
[App. of Scand. origin, corresponding to Norw. ruka (Aasen) with the same meanings, perh. repr. ON. *hruka and so related to hraukr rick n.1]
1. a. A heap or stack of fuel or combustible material of any kind.
a1225Ancr. R. 214 Þe ȝiscare..fareð abuten asken & bisiliche stureð him uorte rukelen muchele & monie ruken togedere, & bloweð þerinne. c1440Destr. Troy 7149 All the Remnond and Roke radly þai broght, And brent vp the bodies vnto bare askis. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. St. James II. 34 Like as a litel fyre is mingled with a greate rooke of fewell, so that by lytel and litell it setteth al the whole rooke on fyre. 1556Olde Antichrist 177 The hole beast..is cast in to the burnyng streame or burnyng rooke of fyre. 1621Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) IV. 628 That they nor nane of thame..keip any stakis, or Rukkes of haither, broome, Quhynnes, or vther fewall, within anye of the Closses. 1879E. Waugh Chimney Corner 251 I've made fourpence, to-day, wi' gettin' a rook (a lot) o' coals in. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 207 Ruck, the stock of coals on the bank.
†b. A particular measure or quantity of coals (see quot. 1611). Obs.
1483Nottingham Rec. II. 421, 10 wain-loads of coals called ‘pytte coles’, every wain-load containing a whole ‘roke’ of coals. 1486Ibid. III. 257 For half a roke of colys to brenne þe seid plaster with. 1611Rutland MSS. IV. 484 in Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. (1905), A rooke of colles ought to bee ij yeardes high and a yeard and quarter square by measure. 1651Publ. Gen. Acts 1326 Such..of the said Coals as have been, or usually are sold by the Stack, Ruck, Fathom, or other uncertain Denomination.
2. A rick or stack of hay, corn, etc.; † a shock or stook. Sc. and north. dial.
1546in Cal. Laing Charters (1899) 135 Onto the tyme the said medow be mawyn and put into rouk. 1570Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 341 In wheat in the staggarth ij ruckes by estymac'on Fiftye thraves. 1611Cotgr., Treseau, a shocke, stowke, halfe-thraue, rowke, or heape of sheaues in a corne-field. 1725Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii. 125 The spate may bear away Frae aff the howms your dainty rucks of hay. 1773Fergusson Poems (1807) 229 Our rucks, fu' thick, are stackit i' the yard. 1804R. Couper Poetry I. 152 Strong on the ruck-head [I've] heard your voice Whan mid-night's tempests blew. 1871Alexander Johnny Gibb vi, Twa' or three aul' rucks to thrash oot.
3. a. A heap or pile of any material. Freq. in phr. in a ruck. Now dial.
a1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. iv. 117 So huge a Ruck Of heap'd vp fortunes. 1627Drayton Agincourt 9 There in another Rucke Princes and Peasants lay together mixt. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 312/1 They can neither Stand, Sit, Kneel, nor lie down, but be all in a ruck, or knit together. 1790W. H. Marshall Rur. Econ. Midl. Gloss., Ruck, a rough bundle or heap of any thing. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., Ruck, a great quantity; a heap of stones. 1851–in many dial. glossaries (see Eng. Dial. Dict.). 1870E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. I. 130 He doesn't care two pence about the bit of a rouk o' cobble stones and sand.
b. transf. A large number or quantity; a multitude, crowd, throng. in a ruck, in Racing: in one group.
1581Mulcaster Positions vi. (1887) 47, I shall not neede to name the partes, all in one ruk, as of set purpose. a1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. iii. 327 Rucks of rich Pearle, and sparkling Diamonds Shall fringe thy garments with Imbroadrie. 1657G. Thornley Daphnis & Chloe 26 Sheep and Goats,..some ran on rucks, and hurried down to the Sea-shore. 1829J. Hunter Hallamsh. Gloss., Ruck, a multitude, as applied to people; a great assemblage, as applied to anything else. 1840Spirit of Times 10 Oct. 380 When Randal blew his bugle, away they all flew in a ruck. 1847Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole ii. (1879) 29 Finishing with a ruck of figures all at once. 1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rural Sports 377/1 When judgment is wanted in getting through a ruck of horses. 1884Pall Mall G. 11 Aug. 4/2 There is a ruck of ambitious Gambettists in the prime of life.
c. (a) Rugby Union. (Also loose ruck.) = loose scrummage s.v. loose a. 9. (b) Australian Rules Football. (See quot. 1969.)
1906Gallaher & Stead Compl. Rugby Footballer ix. 134 What we call a loose ruck..represents the disordered state of things occurring, for example, when..a back has slipped and stopped the play when trying to block a forward rush. One man is down, and all his other colleagues in the back division are induced to come up to his assistance. 1955Times 8 Aug. 2/2 With the South African pack controlling the line outs..and driving hard from the rucks the home side looked to have a firm grip on the game. 1956V. Jenkins Lions Rampant xii. 180 On the muddy ground they made rush after rush, and piled into the loose rucks as if their lives depended on it. 1967Australian 17 Apr. 12 Terry Waters..was moved into the ruck in the third quarter. 1969Eagleson & McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football iii. 10 Ruck. 1. The three members of a team who do not occupy fixed positions but are free to follow the play wherever it goes around the field; the ruck consists of a rover and two followers. Ibid. 11 Ruck. 2. A member of a team selected to play in the ruck, other than the rover. 1973[see maul n.1 4]. 1979Times 12 Dec. 9/1 Oxford..won most of the rucks or mauls that mattered.
4. the ruck:
a. Racing. Those horses which are left behind in a body by the fastest goers. Also fig.
1846Punch XI. 15 Who headed the Ruck? ‘I,’ said Lord George. 1852Bristed 5 Years Eng. Univ. (ed. 2) 85 The ruck falls off rapidly, and the good men settle down to their pace. 1862G. J. Whyte-Melville Inside the Bar I. 224 ‘What one horse can do another can.’ Self-esteem implores us not to fall back into the ‘ruck’ behind. 1884‘H. Collingwood’ Under Meteor Flag 180 Summers came panting in with the ruck, after all was over. 1922E. Wallace Flying Fifty-Five xii. 70 Its jockey had given up all attempt at winning and was content to finish with the ruck.
b. The undistinguished crowd or general run (of persons or things).
1849Alb. Smith Pottleton Legacy (1854) 324 The uneducated and socially-unplaced ruck. 1859M. Napier Life Visc. Dundee I. p. x, Far more honest, and..more right⁓minded than the ruck of their sect. 1879Contemp. Rev. XXXVI. 291, I write simply as one of that common ruck of ordinary practical working men. 1894F. M. Elliot Roman Gossip xii. 290 A great name, rising out of the feeble ruck of modern Italian sculpture.
5. U.S. colloq. Nonsense, rubbish.
1885‘Mark Twain’ Let. 11 Sept. (1917) II. xxv. 460 Flowers and general ruck sent to him by Tom, Dick, and Harry from everywhere. 1890Scribner's Mag. Aug. 159 He..wears gloves, and take his meals private in his room and all that sort of ruck.
6. attrib., as (sense 3 c (a)) ruck ball; (sense 3 c (b)) ruck man, ruck-rover.
1976Scotsman 24 Dec. 16/4 The ruck ball was promptly knocked on by a centre.
1963Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 24 Feb. 24/5 Dr. Eric Laithwaite,..senior lecturer in electrical engineering at Manchester University,..looks more like an uncomplicated ruckman than an ingenious scientist. 1969Eagleson & McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football iii. 11 Ruckman, a member of the ruck whose function it is to take marks, and to knock the ball to the rover when the ball is thrown up or bounced by the umpire. 1977Age (Melbourne) 18 Jan. 26/4 (caption) Fumbling is embarrassing anytime for a famous VFL ruckman and Jones covers his face in despair.
1967Australian 24 Apr. 12 The brilliant Polly Farmer is now being used as a ruck-rover. 1969Eagleson & McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football iii. 12 Ruck-rover, a mobile member of the ruck who is usually intermediate in size between a follower and rover.
▪ II. ruck, n.2|rʌk|
[a. ON. hrukka (Norw. rukka), for earlier *hrunka: see runkle n.]
A crease, fold, or wrinkle; a ridge.
1787Grose Prov. Gloss., Ruck, a wrinkle or plait. Ibid., Your gown fits all in a ruck. 1811Willan West Riding Yorksh., Ruck, a fold, or plait, made in cloth by crushing it. 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 76/1 The vessel..was found to be..without even a single strain or so much as a ruck in her copper. 1863Q. Rev. July 97 He observed there also a number of large transverse ridges or rucks or the glacier. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 35 Careful attention should be paid to keep the bed smooth, and the sheets free from rucks.
▪ III. ruck, n.3 dial.|rʌk|
A rut.
1823[see cart-ruck s.v. cart n. 6]. 1839Lewis Hereford Gloss., Ruck, a rut of a road. 1858Zoologist XVI. 5941 Deep, dirty ditches or rucks. 1869Lonsdale Gloss. s.v.
▪ IV. † ruck, n.4 Obs.—0
(See quot.)
1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 325 In addition to his subscription, the notary was formerly in use to add his signum, which was a flourish of penmanship, called a paraph or a ruck.
▪ V. ruck, n.5 colloq.|rʌk|
[Perh. f. ruck v.6 or shortening of ruction or ruckus.]
A quarrel, a row.
1958F. Norman Bang to Rights i. 15, I didn't feel like having a ruck about this. 1960Times 15 Mar. 7/7 All that gun business is—silly isn't it. I mean they were only having a ruck to start with. 1963T. & P. Morris Pentonville vi. 144 The prisoner said that he had ‘had a bit of a ruck with the instructor over this’. 1964Listener 31 Dec. 1055/2 Squaddies and Teds, personal rucks forgotten, are fleeing from a common enemy—the law. 1976‘P. B. Yuill’ Hazell & Menacing Jester vi. 66 ‘I heard him and her having a ruck about Nicholas, that's all.’ ‘What kind of a row?’
▪ VI. ruck, v.1 Now dial.|rʌk|
Forms: α. 3 ruken, 4–6 rouke, 5–6 rowke, 7–9 rook. β. 4 rucken, 5 ruckyn (rukkun), 6–7 rucke, 6– ruck. γ. dial. 8 ruckee, 9 ruckey, rucky.
[Perh. of Scand. origin: cf. Norw. dial. ruka to crouch (Ross).]
intr. To squat, crouch, cower, huddle together. Also refl. and in pa. pple.
αa1225Ancr. R. 266 Vor þeo hwule þet heo stont upriht ne mei he [the fiend] nouðer on hire ne ruken ne riden. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 6897 Þ e horribel vermyn venemus. Þe whilk sal on þe synful rouke, And ever-mare þam gnaw and souke. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 450 What is mankynde moore vn to you holde Than is the sheepe, þat rouketh in the folde? c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. xl. (1869) 156 In the kichene thei wolden rouken, an hol day gladliche, for to roste a smal hastelet. c1440Lydg. Hors, Shepe & G. 439 This sheepe rowkyng in his fold, Set litill stoor of swerd or Arwis keene. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. v. 51 In the easemente of vrine, the men rowked doune, the women stoode vprighte. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, v. vi. 47 The Rauen rook'd her on the Chimnies top, And chatt'ring Pies in dismall Discords sung. 1743R. Blair Grave 35 Night's foul bird, Rook'd in the spire, screams loud.
fig.1582Stanyhurst æneis Ded. (Arb.) 7 As I can not deuine vpon such bookes, that happlye rouke in studentes mewes.
β1390Gower Conf. II. 57 Bot now thei rucken in here nest And resten as hem liketh best. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 118 The wolfe in fieldis the shepe dothe grete duresse, Rukking in foldis for fere dar nat arise. c1440Promp. Parv. 439/1 Rukkun, or cowre down, incurvo. 1567Golding Ovid's Met. vi. (1593) 141 On the house did rucke A cursed owle the messenger of ill successe and lucke. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 118 Here ruckes my mistrisse makinge cleene the pan. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 136 Now their wit styeth not high but rather rucketh beneath vpon the ground. 1619E. Bert Hawkes 56 Sometimes he..will..stop of his forefeet, without either rucking behinde, or aduancing before. 1691Ray N.C. Words (ed. 2) 59 To Ruck, to squat or shrink down. 1820Wilbraham Gloss. Wds. Chesh., Ruck, to get close or huddle together as fowls do. 1823–in dial. glossaries (E. Anglia, Northampton, Cheshire).
γ1746Exmoor Scolding (E.D.S.) 40 But thee, thee wut ruckee..in the Chimley Coander. 1842G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sketches 41 Ee'd grasp th' rod..An' ruckey down quite low. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. 635 Rucky-down, to stoop low by bending the knees;..to crouch low in any posture.
Hence ˈrucker; ˈrucking vbl. n.
13..Names of Hare in MS. Digby 86 fol. 168 b, Þe wint swifft, þe sculkere, Þe hare serd, þe heg roukere [= hedge-rucker]. c1440Promp. Parv. 439/2 Rukkynge (Harl. MS. rukklyng), incurvacio.
▪ VII. ruck, v.2|rʌk|
[f. ruck n.2 Cf. Norw. rukka in the same sense.]
1. intr. To slip up or work into creases or ridges; to become creased or wrinkled.
1812Monthly Mag. XXXIV. 234 The motion of walking soon occasioned it to slip from its place, to ruck. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Ruck, to have a folded, creased, ridgy, or uneven surface. 1842Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 544 The sleeves ruck up and present his white, soft, and dimpled arms. 1888Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 116 A sheet is said to ‘ruck’ when it gets creased or doubled in laying on.
2. trans. To crease; to wrinkle or cause to work up into ridges.
1828–32Webster, Ruck,..to wrinkle; as, to ruck up cloth or a garment. 1860G. J. Whyte-Melville Mkt. Harb. iii, Mr. Sawyer..lost his flat shooting-hat, and rucked his plaid trousers up to his knees. 1876R. Broughton Joan i. i, An arm-chair..not at all rucked up or disarranged.
b. To draw or gather into small folds.
1896Westm. Gaz. 16 June 9/1 The sleeves rucked and puffed in yet another new way. 1901Illustr. Lond. News CXVIII. 910 The sleeves are of chiffon rucked with a band of the gold worked down the centre.
▪ VIII. ruck, v.3 dial.|rʌk|
[f. ruck n.1 Cf. Norw. ruka in the same sense.]
trans. To stack, to heap or pile up.
1720Ramsay Wealth 95 When autumn's stores are ruck'd up in the yard. 1841–in dial. glossaries (Leic., Shropsh., Warw., Banff).
▪ IX. † ruck, v.4 Obs. rare.
[ad. L. ruct-āre: cf. eruct v.]
To belch.
15..Lyndesay Play 1435 (Bann. MS.), Sche riftit, ruckit, and maid sic stendis. 1624Quarles Job Militant xix. 47 Wks. (Grosart) II. 96/1 His Belching rucks forth flames, his mouing Eye Shines like the glory of the morning Skie.
▪ X. ruck, v.5 slang.|rʌk|
[Of unknown origin.]
intr. a. To inform on a criminal. b. To give information about a crime or a criminal. c. gen. To abandon, to repudiate a person. With on.
1884Daily News 20 Sept. 2/2, I told the prisoner that I was not going to ruck on an old pal. 1889Session Paper Cent. Criminal Court, 1729–1913 CX. 871 He said ‘Has Cleasby rucked? If he has, I will b–y well kill him when I come out’—ruck means telling. 1898J. D. Brayshaw Slum Silhouettes 207 Yer won't tell Mo that I told yer—will yer? If he knew as I'd rucked on him, he'd kill me. 1903A. M. Binstead Pitcher in Paradise iv. 96 Your worthy parent..isn't going to ruck on you in the golden autumn of his life, just bcause you were denied the keen commercial instincts that led him to make a pile! 1906E. Pugh Spoilers viii. 92 ‘I don't care,’ said Deuce, defiantly... ‘I ain't goin' to ruck on Dad.’
▪ XI. ruck, v.6 slang.
Also rux.
[Of obscure origin.]
1. trans. To take severely to task; to row.
1899T. M. Ellis Cats'-eye Rings 93 Your dress is so slovenly that you would be ruxed by the examining officer. 1936G. Ingram Muffled Man i. 13 ‘Oh, all right,’ sulked Sonny. ‘You ain't going to ‘ruck’ me, are you?’ 1959C. MacInnes Absolute Beginners i. 109, I saw I mustn't keep on rucking him, because, after all, this was a party. 1966P. Willmott Adolescent Boys vi. 112 The governor of my place is horrible... He rucks you if you take more than ten minutes for a quarter of an hour's job.
2. To vex, worry. rare.
1887Kipling Plain Tales from Hills (1888) 60 'E [was] too busy to rux 'isself about p'raids.
▪ XII. ruck, v.7|rʌk|
[f. ruck n.1 3 c; cf. rucking vbl. n.3]
intr. a. Rugby Union. To struggle for possession of the ball at a loose scrummage. b. Australian National Football. To play as one of the three members of a ruck (see ruck n.1 3 c (b)).
1938Dominion (Wellington, N.Z.) 20 June 13/1 All through the spell they used their weight and rucked with determination. 1954Ibid. 17 May 10/4 They rucked and tackled well and it was not surprising that they wilted in the dying stages. 1963Footy Fan (Melbourne) I. vii. 21 When he rucked with Bill Morris, he always feared he might spoil Morris' leaps for the ball and more or less played the role of understudy. 1968Sunday Times 25 Feb. 23/2 Yet he rucks with the best, and one's memory will long cherish the sight of him defying three Harlequin forwards who were trying to wrest the ball from him. 1982B. Beaumont Thanks to Rugby iii. 35 Someone who..relished tackling, falling on the ball, rucking and mauling and all the other chores of a rugby forward. 1986N.Z. Herald 5 Feb. iv. 3 They are pretty good players. They ruck better than Fijians. Not all of their football, though, would pass A1 at Twickers.
▪ XIII. ruck
obs. form of roc. |