| 释义 |
▪ I. rubbish, n. (and a.)|ˈrʌbɪʃ|
Forms: α. 4 rubbous, 5 rubus(s, robous(e, -ows, -eux. β. 5 robys, -iis, rubbes, 6 ruby(e)s, rubbis. γ. 5 robishe, -issh, robyshe; 5–6 rubbusshe, rubushe; 6 rubys(c)he, roobysche; 5–6 rubbysh, 6 rubbi(s)she, -eshe, 6– rubbish. δ. 5 rubrysche, 6 robrisshe, rubbrysshe. ε. 6 rubbyge, 6–7 rubbidge (9 dial. -idge, -ige, -itch). ζ. 6–8 (9 dial.) rubbage, 8 rubage.
[Of obscure origin: app. related in some way to rubble, but it is difficult to regard the early forms as AF. plurals of robel, rubel, esp. in the absence of any evidence that these are themselves of F. origin.]
1. a. Waste or refuse material, in early use esp. such as results from the decay or repair of buildings; debris, litter, refuse; rejected and useless matter of any kind. † Also, a heap of rubbish.
α [1392–3Rolls of Parlt. III. 306/2 Qe nulle..gette ne mette..ascuns fymes, ordures, mukes, rubbouses, ou lastage, en la dite ewe..entre les lieux sus ditz.] c1400Brut ccviii. 238 Þai toke stone, and made þerwiþ þe tour; and miche sande and morter, and olde robous þer was lefte. 1429–30Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 72 For cariage of ij lodys robous, viij d. c1440Promp. Parv. 435/2 Robows, or coldyr, petrosa, petro. 1480Wardrobe Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 121 A grete loode of robeux that was left in the strete after the reparacion.
β1429–30Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 74 Also for ledyng awey of Robys in a lyghtere, xvj d. 1495Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 154 For euery ton Tyght of Rubbes & Stones iiijd. 1531Lett. & Pap. Hen. VIII, V. 184 Cartes..caryng of rubys out of the towne to the towne wharffis. 1577Harrison England ii. xiii. (1877) i. 252 He had no sooner begun to dig among the rubbis, but he found an exceeding number of pillers.
γ1477–9Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 85 For Cariage of v lood of Robishe from Forster lane and Estchepe, x d. 1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 171 Dyggyng of the clay and other Rubbysh bytwene the gates. 1528–30in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pl. Crt. Adm. (1894) 35 All chawkerys castyng thar rubysche in the kyngs strem we do present. 1562Turner Herbal ii. (1568) 22 Iris groweth..amongest olde rubbishe and remnantes of olde walles. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. ii. 6 Rude mis-gouern'd hands, from Windowes tops, Threw dust and rubbish on King Richards head. 1611Bible Neh. iv. 10 There is much rubbish, so that we are not able to build the wall. 1687B. Randolph Archipelago 2 A dry ditch which is almost filled up with rubbish. 1712Addison Spect. No. 512 ⁋6 A Tree that grew near an old Wall out of an Heap of Rubbish. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People 58 It is surprising what great benefit coal-ashes and mortar rubbish are of to stiff lands. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, A few hampers, half a dozen broken bottles, and such-like rubbish, may be thrown there when the tenant first moves in, but nothing more. 1870F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisfarne 61 The floor was covered with light rubbish.
δ1487–8Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 137 Makyng clene of the houssis, beryng owte & castyng oute the Rubrysche. 1519W. Horman Vulgaria xxix. 240 b, Battz and great rubbrysshe serueth to fyl vp in the myddell of the wall. 1530Palsgr. 263/2 Robrisshe of stones, plastras, fourniture.
ε1551–52in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 469 For carrying rubbyge owt of ij chambers. 1595J. Chardon Fulfordo et Fulfordæ 34 [She] hath caused the.. rubbidge and whatsoeuer was noysome to be remooued. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1136 Not much better than rude heapes of rubbidge and stones. 1646J. Hall Poems i. 9 Ere since poore Cheapside Crosse in rubbidge lay. 1684J. Peter Siege Vienna 49 We perceiving from the Walls several Arms and Legs in the Air, mingled with the Smoke and Rubbidge. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., Rubbidge, rubbish, any worthless articles. 1854[see ζ].
ζ1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 25 Gold..mixt with other drossie rubbage, and refuse mettal. 1608Church-w. Acc. Pittington (Surtees) 287 For careying the rubbage out of the double porche. 1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 309 On stone walls, old edifices, and rubbages. 1670–98R. Lassels Voy. Italy II. 122 The old round rubbage of brick which is here..was anciently a fine Fountain. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 220 The Ground being raised round about it..by reason of Rubbage fallen down. 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 321 That the earth and rubbage should be disposed of in this manner. a1825Forby Voc. East Anglia, Rubbage, rubbish. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Rubbage or Rubbidge, rubbish.
b. Const. of (a thing or place).
a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. 429 There in the rubbusshe & sande of the same [tower] they buryed..these .iii. bodyes. 1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. i. vi. 118 b, Let this fylinge or rubbysh of yron become almoste redde. 1590Greene Orl. Fur. (Rtldg.) 111 So rich shall be the rubbish of our barks, Ta'en here for ballass to the ports of France. 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 321 This terrace is formed by the rubbage of old houses. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 328 The rubbish of mortar from houses.
2. fig.
a. Worthless stuff; trash. Also, a worthless person.
γ1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. iii. 109 What trash is Rome? What Rubbish, and what Offall? 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, cccxxxiv, What the Landlord then shall Rubbish call, Will be throwne out; and you are Rubbish All. a1656Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 17 The body is but meer rubbish to the soul. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 254 The French builders, clearing away as mere rubbish whatever they found. 1792A. Young Trav. France 266 Here is a character uncontaminated with that rubbish which we see in so many other men. 1846Greener Sci. Gunnery 214 The consequence is that iron of the most inferior nature, the veriest rubbish is used. 1881‘Rita’ My Lady Coquette i, I wonder how people can trouble to send such rubbish. 1976W. Trevor Children of Dynmouth v. 114 Stringer, the headmaster, was rubbish; the P.E. man went after the girls.
ε, ζa1631Donne Progr. Soul, 2nd Anniv. 82 What fragmentary rubbidge this world is Thou know'st. 1645Howell Twelve Treat. (1661) 328 They wold make Gods House cleane.., but 'tis visibly found that they haue brought much more rubbage into it. 1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. II. 242 Unless..a few such like rubbage can be made answerable for Primitive Christianity. 1885R. Holland Gloss. County of Chester (1886) 293 They're nowt bu' rubbitch.
b. Worthless, ridiculous, nonsensical ideas, discourse, or writing.
γ1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 6 The Romanists were ready inough to take it vp, and stil reserue it among the rest of their rubbish. 1692Washington tr. Milton's Def. People M.'s Wks. 1851 VIII. 249 From hence to the end of your Book, I find nothing but Rubbish and Trifles. 1734Waterland Wks. (1823) V. 102 Others might be named who have gradually..come to reject Christianity itself, as needless and useless, and all revealed religion as mere rubbish. 1799Southey St. Gualberto xxiv. Poet. Works VI. 201 Dost thou deem the legendary deeds Of saints like this but rubbish, a mere store Of trash, that he flings time away who reads? 1858Lytton What will He do i. xvii, Vance talked such republican rubbish. 1899The Month May 539 What is all this rubbish about a spirit-woman staying with the Duchess?
ε, ζ1624Wotton Elem. Archit. i. 13 Such conceits as these seeme somewhat too fine among this Rubbage. 1711Medley No. 32. 2 Every body must be persuaded, that all the Atheistical Rubbige..proceeded originally from the Revolution.
c. Const. of.
1602Marston Ant. & Mel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 64 Staind and trampled on, As worthlesse rubbish of nobilitie. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. 75 Otherwise..certainly this Colledg had been swept away, as Rubbish of superstition. 1704F. Fuller Med. Gymn. (1711) Preface, The removing of the Rubbish of a Vulgar Error. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 349 Embruted every faculty divine; Heart-buried in the rubbish of the world. 1859Tennyson Merlin & V. 345 Ev'n in the jumbled rubbish of a dream. 1871Burr Ad Fidem ix, The rubbish of exploded scientific theories.
d. spec. (See quot.)
1773Phil. Trans. LXIII. 258 This robin afterwards sung three parts in four nightingale; and the rest of his song was what the bird-catchers call rubbish, or no particular note whatsoever.
e. In interjectional use.
1863Thackeray Round. Papers, Strange to Say, One old boy..with..a murmur of ‘Rubbish’ slinks away. 1888Rider Haggard Col. Quaritch xli, ‘Oh, rubbish,’ said the Colonel. ‘How can a skeleton sit and air himself?’
3. attrib. and Comb.
a. Appositive, passing into adj.: Of a refuse or worthless kind (obs. by late 18th c.) In mod. colloq. use = rubbishy a. 2.
1594Nashe Terrors of Night Wks. (Grosart) III. 261 To stand all his whole life sifting and winnowing dry rubbish chaffe. 1596― Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 161 The verie excrements of the rubbishest wits that are. 1675Cocker Morals 37 They refine His Rubbish Nature to a Golden Mine. 1722Hearne Collections (O.H.S.) VII. 338 Those [coins], too, poor, brass, rubbish Stuff. 1979M. Boyce I was There! 83/2 A side that can be easily beaten..a rubbish side, Bedworth or Nuneaton.
b. Attrib., in sense ‘composed of, given up to, rubbish’, as rubbish-ballast, rubbish dump, rubbish-heap, rubbish-mound, rubbish-pile, rubbish-tip, etc.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 287/1 The *rubbish-ballast..was only 3d. to 6d. a ton.
1888Pall Mall G. 9 May 4/2 Not allowing this country to become the *rubbish-bin of European labourers.
1976W. Trevor Children of Dynmouth iii. 72 It's hardly irrelevant that the country for which men were prepared to give their lives has become a *rubbish dump.
1878Jrnl. Speculative Philos. XII. 12 In the failures to ‘adjust’—in the *rubbish-heap, according to Spenser—lies, for them, the real key to the truth. c1887M. W. Jones Games Patience iii. 11 Lay out nine cards in three rows; then proceed to form a rubbish-heap. 1932Kipling Limits & Renewals 299 He very rarely went down into what had now become a rubbish-heap. 1959C. Fremlin Uncle Paul iv. 33 The five of spades would have to go on the rubbish heap after all.
1864Skeat tr. Uhland's Poems 82 So many a right may prove our own, Long hid beneath some *rubbish-mound.
1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn xxxvii. 375 The *rubbage-pile in the backyard. 1889― Connecticut Yankee xix. 235 Just a rubbish-pile of battered corpses.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 286/2 *Rubbish shoots.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 852 Schist proper for the construction of the *rubbish-terraces.
1922Joyce Ulysses 422 On a step a gnome totting among a *rubbishtip crouches to shoulder a sack of rags and bones. 1971Country Life 24 June 1597/3 Wayside flowers..are still plentiful enough..especially in waste places like rubbish tips.
c. Objective, as rubbish-cartage, rubbish-carter, rubbish-collector, etc.; also rubbish-dumping ppl. adj. Instrumental, as rubbish-filled adj.
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. II. 288/1 The summer..is the ‘brisk season’ of *rubbish-cartage.
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. II. 293/1 A brief description of the *rubbish-carter, and the scene of his labours.
1885Census Instruct. Index, *Rubbish Clearer, Weigher, Unloader.
1965F. Sargeson Mem. Peon iii. 47 It was said that one [absent-minded scholar] had arrived at the college with his household rubbish after leaving his umbrella outside his gate to be collected by the *rubbish-collector.
1937Blunden Elegy 84 By mysterious law each place Where Nature looks most gentle and glad Attracts the *rubbish-dumping race.
1954W. Faulkner Fable 385 The corporal's body..went over backward..onto the edge of the *rubbish-filled trench behind it.
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. II. 289/1 The *Rubbish-Shovellers, or ‘gangers’.
d. Special combs., as rubbish-price, a paltry price, such as might properly be paid for rubbish; rubbish pulley (see quot.); rubbish shop, store, a junk shop; rubbish walling (see quots.).
1805W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. (1843) II. 107 Style which resembles what the masons call rubbish-walling, where fragments of anciently hewn and sculptured stone are built in with modern brick-bats and the pebbles of the soil. 1869C. Schreiber Jrnl. 17 June (1911) I. 17 We found a small teapot, Venetian,..in a rubbish shop in the Spaderia. 1872Ibid. 14 Apr. 156 He took us to a rubbish store.., from which we got nothing but a ‘Davenport’ plate. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 771/2 Rubbish Pulley, a simple form of tackle-block used with a rope in hoisting materials from a foundation or excavation. 1894Times 19 Dec. 11/4 At the present time they thought sales undesirable, as it rarely paid to throw away stock at rubbish prices.
Hence ˈrubbisher. (See quot.)
1892Min. Evid. Labour Comm. Group A. II. 2/2 A rubbisher, or labourer,..is the man who carries away all the material from the rock-men to the place where the slates are made.
▪ II. ˈrubbish, v. orig. and chiefly Austral. and N.Z.
[f. the n.]
1. trans. To disparage, criticize severely. Hence ˈrubbished ppl. a.; ˈrubbishing vbl. n.
1953T. A. G. Hungerford Riverslake ii. 20 It Verity was going to tramp you for burning the tucker..he would have rubbished you long before this. 1965Telegraph (Brisbane) 26 Feb. 13, I knocked him down and I hope he dies. He rubbished me to a mate of mine. 1968Comment (N.Z.) June 33/2 The paper..was recently rubbished in the Catholic Tablet. 1972Guardian 16 Oct. 8/1 This live show had a live and participating audience; so Hockney got briefly rubbished the moment his film ended. 1975Observer 12 Jan. 17/1 His plight, and that of the cricketers, have both been latched on to as a chance, not to be missed, of rubbishing the Poms. 1977Bulletin (Sydney) 22 Jan. 14/3 To that extent the much rubbished figures of the CES are consistent with the quite independently determined estimates of the Bureau of Statistics. 1979Spectator 14 July 28/2 A conventional rubbishing of the Left and applause of the Right.
2. Surfing. (Chiefly in pass.) To tip (a surfer) off a wave.
1962Austral. Women's Weekly 24 Oct. (Suppl.) 3/3 Rubbished, to be thrown off wave and dumped on shore. 1963Sun-Herald (Sydney) 22 Sept. 84/5 The fate the board rider dreads is the ‘wipe out’. This is when he is ‘rubbished’ or tipped violently off a wave. |