| 释义 |
pre-Soˈcratic, a. and n. Philos.
Also Presocratic, presocratic.
[pre- B. 1.]
A. adj. Of or relating to the period before Socrates (chiefly the sixth and early fifth centuries b.c.) when, in Greece, systematic enquiry into things and their causes began.
1871Fraser Life Berkeley viii. 293 And shows supposed novelties..to be as old as the Neoplatonic, or even the Pre-Socratic age. 1892J. Burnet Early Greek Philos. 2 The common practice of treating this younger contemporary of Sokrates [sc. Demokritos] along with the ‘pre-Socratic philosophers’ has obscured the true course of historical development. 1913P. V. Cohn Nietzsche's Compl. Wks. (Index) XVIII. 117 The real philosophers of Greece pre-Socratic. 1957Kirk & Raven Presocratic Philosophers p. vii, We have limited our scope to the chief Presocratic ‘physicists’ and their forerunners, whose main preoccupation was with the nature (physis) and coherence of things as a whole. 1964C. S. Lewis Discarded Image iii. 37 The pre-Socratic philosophers of Greece invented Nature. 1974Nature 8 Nov. 130/2 In the treatment of Greek science emphasis is laid upon the importance of the presocratic belief that causal relationships existed between natural phenomena. 1977I. Murdoch Fire & Sun 33 Sexual love (Aphrodite) as cosmic power had already appeared in Presocratic thought in the doctrines of Empedocles.
B. n. Any of the Greek philosophers of the sixth and fifth centuries b.c. who preceded Socrates (d. 399 b.c.).
1945B. Russell Hist. Western Philos. (1946) i. xiii. 126 ‘The Good’ dominated his [sc. Plato's] thought more than that of the pre-Socratics. 1957Kirk & Raven Presocratic Philosophers 1 The Neoplatonist Simplicius,..who lived a whole millennium after the Presocratics, made long and evidently accurate quotations, in particular from Parmenides, Empedocles, [etc.]. 1972E. Hussey Presocratics i. 1 What gives the group of Presocratics such unity as it possesses is..that all these men were involved in the movement of thought which led to the separation of science and philosophy from one another and from other ways of thinking. 1977I. Murdoch Fire & Sun 51 Nor is he at all like the cosmic ‘gods’ of the Presocratics. |